P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee jedete sami nekone\u010dnou pou\u0161t\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 silnice, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 mapy, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd sign\u00e1l. A jedin\u00e9, co m\u00e1te k dispozici, je jeden telefon\u00e1t denn\u011b, kdy se m\u016f\u017eete zeptat: \u201eKde vlastn\u011b jsem?\u201c P\u0159esn\u011b tak fungovala navigace roveru od jeho p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed na Marsu v kr\u00e1teru Jezero v \u00fanoru 2021.<\/p>\n
Na Zemi n\u00e1m polohu ur\u010duj\u00ed satelity syst\u00e9mu GPS. Mars nic takov\u00e9ho nem\u00e1. Dosud muselo voz\u00edtko kombinovat sn\u00edmky z vlastn\u00edch kamer, \u00fadaje o prokluzu kol a sn\u00edmky z ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy a \u010dekat na potvrzen\u00ed od oper\u00e1tor\u016f miliony kilometr\u016f daleko. Drobn\u00e9 chyby se p\u0159itom p\u0159i odhadu polohy postupn\u011b s\u010d\u00edtaly. Po del\u0161\u00ed j\u00edzd\u011b mohl rover \u201ebloudit\u201c i o v\u00edce ne\u017e 35 metr\u016f. Pokud si nebyl jist\u00fd, rad\u011bji zastavil a \u010dekal na instrukce ze Zem\u011b.<\/p>\n
Marsovsk\u00e1 navigace nov\u00e9 generace<\/p>\n
Nov\u00e1 technologie nazvan\u00e1 Mars Global Localization umo\u017e\u0148uje roveru porovnat panoramatick\u00e9 sn\u00edmky po\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 jeho naviga\u010dn\u00edmi kamerami s mapami ter\u00e9nu ulo\u017een\u00fdmi v jeho pam\u011bti. Algoritmus provede porovn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b za dv\u011b minuty a dok\u00e1\u017ee ur\u010dit polohu s p\u0159esnost\u00ed asi 25 centimetr\u016f.<\/p>\n
\u201eJe to n\u011bco jako d\u00e1t roveru GPS. Te\u010f dok\u00e1\u017ee na Marsu ur\u010dit svou vlastn\u00ed polohu,\u201c uvedla hlavn\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdrka robotick\u00fdch operac\u00ed mise Vandi Vermov\u00e1. \u201eZnamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee rover bude moci autonomn\u011b ujet mnohem del\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti, tak\u017ee prozkoum\u00e1me v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st planety a z\u00edsk\u00e1me v\u00edce v\u011bdeck\u00fdch dat. A tuto technologii by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 u jak\u00e9hokoli dal\u0161\u00edho roveru, kter\u00fd se pohybuje rychle a na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti.\u201c<\/p>\n
Komunikace mezi Marsem a Zem\u00ed trv\u00e1 des\u00edtky minut a pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed trasy m\u016f\u017ee zabrat cel\u00fd mar\u0165ansk\u00fd den. Autonomn\u00ed ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed polohy proto dramaticky zvy\u0161uje efektivitu pr\u016fzkumu. \u201eToto byl po des\u00edtky let otev\u0159en\u00fd probl\u00e9m robotick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu a nasazen\u00ed tohoto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ve vesm\u00edru v\u016fbec poprv\u00e9 je nesm\u00edrn\u011b vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed,\u201c dodal spolupracovn\u00edk Vermov\u00e9, Jeremy Nash.<\/p>\n
AI a autonomn\u00ed pr\u016fzkum: budoucnost u\u017e za\u010dala<\/p>\n
Kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v nov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu hraje v\u00fdkonn\u00fd procesor p\u016fvodn\u011b instalovan\u00fd pro komunikaci roveru s vrtuln\u00edkem Ingenuity. Ten pou\u017e\u00edval modern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00ed \u010dipy ne\u017e hlavn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de voz\u00edtka, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b postaveny na star\u0161\u00ed, extr\u00e9mn\u011b odoln\u00e9 architektu\u0159e. Ingenuity m\u011bl uskute\u010dnit jen p\u011bt let\u016f. Nakonec jich zvl\u00e1dl 72 \u2013 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 otev\u0159el cestu vyu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed elektroniky na jin\u00fdch sv\u011btech.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdkon procesoru inspiroval Vermovou k hled\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak by jej mise Perseverance mohla vyu\u017e\u00edt. \u201eJe to skoro jako dar. Ingenuity pro\u0161lapal cestu a dok\u00e1zal, \u017ee na Marsu m\u016f\u017eeme pou\u017e\u00edvat komer\u010dn\u00ed procesory,\u201c doplnila.<\/p>\n
Zaveden\u00ed nov\u00e9 navigace p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed kr\u00e1tce po dal\u0161\u00edm miln\u00edku: rover absolvoval j\u00edzdu, jej\u00ed\u017e trasu navrhla generativn\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence. Ta vyhodnotila ter\u00e9n, identifikovala rizika a navrhla bezpe\u010dnou trasu. Spojen\u00ed autonomn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159esn\u00e9ho ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed polohy otev\u00edr\u00e1 novou kapitolu planet\u00e1rn\u00edho pr\u016fzkumu.<\/p>\n
Video: NASA letos v dubnu uk\u00e1zala, co sondy na Marsu skute\u010dn\u011b vid\u00ed<\/p>\n
Zdroje: NASA<\/a>, Space<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee jedete sami nekone\u010dnou pou\u0161t\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 silnice, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 mapy, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd sign\u00e1l. A jedin\u00e9, co m\u00e1te k…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8221,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[5367,1542,5368,74,73,78,75,77,76,1540],"class_list":{"0":"post-8220","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-veda-a-technika","8":"tag-mars","9":"tag-nasa","10":"tag-rover","11":"tag-science","12":"tag-science-technology","13":"tag-technika","14":"tag-technology","15":"tag-veda","16":"tag-veda-a-technika","17":"tag-vesmir"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8220","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8220"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8220\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8221"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8220"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8220"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8220"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}