{"id":82811,"date":"2026-05-12T06:21:14","date_gmt":"2026-05-12T06:21:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/82811\/"},"modified":"2026-05-12T06:21:14","modified_gmt":"2026-05-12T06:21:14","slug":"raketovy-vzestup-syfilidy-a-kapavky-evropa-hlasi-nejhorsi-cisla-za-10-let-infekce-se-nedari-zastavit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/82811\/","title":{"rendered":"Raketov\u00fd vzestup syfilidy a kapavky: Evropa hl\u00e1s\u00ed nejhor\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla za 10 let. Infekce se neda\u0159\u00ed zastavit"},"content":{"rendered":"

Evropa m\u00e1 sice modern\u00ed medic\u00ednu, ale v boji s infek\u010dn\u00edmi chorobami selh\u00e1v\u00e1. Nov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va Evropsk\u00e9ho centra pro kontrolu nemoc\u00ed odhaluje, \u017ee se neda\u0159\u00ed plnit v\u011bt\u0161inu c\u00edl\u016f pro rok 2030 v oblasti HIV, tuberkul\u00f3zy, hepatitid a sexu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159enosn\u00fdch nemoc\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco u HIV sv\u00edt\u00e1 nad\u011bje, raketov\u011b p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f syfilidy a kapavky a \u00famrtnost na \u017eloutenku typu B a C z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 vysok\u00e1.<\/p>\n

59 tis\u00edc \u2013 tolik \u017eivot\u016f si v\u00a0Evrop\u011b ro\u010dn\u011b vy\u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed hepatitidy B a C, HIV a tuberkul\u00f3za. A zpr\u00e1va Evropsk\u00e9ho centra pro kontrolu nemoc\u00ed a prevenci<\/a> (ECDC) ukazuje, \u017ee se n\u00e1m neda\u0159\u00ed plnit v\u011bt\u0161inu c\u00edl\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsme si v\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti vyty\u010dili.<\/p>\n

\u201eI kdy\u017e \u00famrtnost v d\u016fsledku HIV a TBC klesla, ani jeden z t\u011bchto trend\u016f nen\u00ed na cest\u011b k dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f. \u00damrt\u00ed na hepatitidu B a C, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed 90 % t\u011bchto ro\u010dn\u00edch \u00famrt\u00ed, z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed trvale vysok\u00e1 a nevykazuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky klesaj\u00edc\u00edho trendu,\u201c konstatuje ECDC.<\/p>\n

P\u016fl milionu nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f<\/p>\n

Ro\u010dn\u011b je v\u00a0zem\u00edch EU\/EHC hl\u00e1\u0161eno t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u016fl milionu p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f HIV, tuberkul\u00f3zy, hepatitidy B a C, chlamydi\u00ed, kapavky a syfilidy. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 800 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed tu \u017eije s\u00a0HIV, 3,2 milionu s hepatitidou B a 1,8 milionu s hepatitidou C.<\/p>\n

Odhadovan\u00fd v\u00fdskyt HIV se od roku 2010 sn\u00ed\u017eil o 20 % (z 24\u00a0300 na 19\u00a0400 v\u00a0roce 2024). St\u00e1le ale nedos\u00e1hl c\u00edle pro rok 2025, kter\u00fdm je 75% sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. U TBC odhadovan\u00fd v\u00fdskyt od roku 2015 klesl o 37 % (ze 64 na 41 tis\u00edc). Jen\u017ee c\u00edlem pro minul\u00fd rok bylo 50% sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"Ro\u010dn\u00ed po\u010det \u00famrt\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s hepatitidou C (\u017elut\u011b), hepatitidou B (oran\u017eov\u011b), tuberkul\u00f3zou (zelen\u011b) a HIV (mod\u0159e). \u0160rafovan\u011b v\u00fdvoj, kter\u00fd bychom pot\u0159ebovali pro dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f. Zdroj: ECDC<\/p>\n

Co se t\u00fd\u010de hepatitidy B a C, p\u0159ehled o v\u00fdvoji komplikuje fakt, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina zem\u00ed nem\u00e1 adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed data. Disponuj\u00ed jimi jen \u010dty\u0159i st\u00e1ty. Podle odhad\u016f ale bylo v roce 2024 diagnostikov\u00e1no 35 % lid\u00ed \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch s\u00a0hepatitidou B a 41 % lid\u00ed s\u00a0hepatitidou C. C\u00edl ov\u0161em hovo\u0159\u00ed o 60 %. \u00damrtnost p\u0159itom z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 vysok\u00e1, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se ani u jednoho typu v\u00a0\u010dase nem\u011bn\u00ed. A \u00famrt\u00ed na rakovinu jater v\u00a0d\u016fsledku hepatitidy dokonce p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\u201eEvropa m\u00e1 n\u00e1stroje k ukon\u010den\u00ed HIV, tuberkul\u00f3zy, virov\u00e9 hepatitidy a dal\u0161\u00edch pohlavn\u011b p\u0159enosn\u00fdch infekc\u00ed. Nedost\u00e1vaj\u00ed se ale ke v\u0161em, kte\u0159\u00ed je pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed. Jsou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed investice do roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed prevence, testov\u00e1n\u00ed a l\u00e9\u010dby. Dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f pro rok 2030 znamen\u00e1 z\u00e1chranu tis\u00edc\u016f \u017eivot\u016f,\u201c konstatuje vedouc\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed pro p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159enosn\u00e9 a o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00e9 nemoci ECDC Bruno Ciancio.<\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u0161est\u00fd HIV pozitivn\u00ed m\u00e1 p\u0159enosnou hladinu viru<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad u HIV nezn\u00e1 7 % infikovan\u00fdch sv\u016fj status, 5 % diagnostikovan\u00fdch pak nepodstupuje l\u00e9\u010dbu a 6 % l\u00e9\u010den\u00fdch nedos\u00e1hlo virov\u00e9 suprese. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd \u0161est\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0Evrop\u011b s HIV m\u00e1 p\u0159enosnou hladinu viru. \u00a0<\/p>\n

\"\"Procento lid\u00ed \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch s HIV, kte\u0159\u00ed o sv\u00e9 infekci v\u011bd\u00ed. Zelen\u011b st\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 c\u00edl 95 % splnily, mod\u0159e jsou do 5 % od c\u00edle. \u017dlut\u011b st\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mezery \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b \u010cR. Zdroj: ECDC<\/p>\n

U tuberkul\u00f3zy se sice povedlo dos\u00e1hnout c\u00edle zachytit 85 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, jen\u017ee pouze 64 % diagnostikovan\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b v\u00a0roce 2024 dokon\u010dilo l\u00e9\u010dbu. C\u00edlem p\u0159itom je 90 %. A \u00famrtnost na TBC klesla od roku 2015 o 16 %, a\u010dkoliv to do roku 2025 m\u011blo b\u00fdt o 75 %.<\/p>\n

Nejv\u00edce p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f kapavky za dobu hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/p>\n

Aby toho nebylo m\u00e1lo, raketov\u011b p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 sexu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159enosn\u00fdch infekc\u00ed. V\u00fdskyt syfilisu se od roku 2015 zdvojn\u00e1sobil z 5,1 na 10,8 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f na 100 tis\u00edc obyvatel v roce 2024. Je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed situaci pozorujeme u kapavky, kde se po\u010det p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f ztrojn\u00e1sobil (ze 6,7 na 26,9 na 100 tis\u00edc obyvatel).<\/p>\n

\u201eRok 2024 zaznamenal nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed po\u010det hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f kapavky v EU\/EHP od zah\u00e1jen\u00ed evropsk\u00e9ho sledov\u00e1n\u00ed pohlavn\u011b p\u0159enosn\u00fdch infekc\u00ed v roce 2009. Zat\u00edmco ob\u011b pohlavn\u011b p\u0159enosn\u00e9 infekce jsou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed u homosexu\u00e1ln\u00edch, bisexu\u00e1ln\u00edch a dal\u0161\u00edch mu\u017e\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed sex s mu\u017ei, od roku 2021 p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00ed i u heterosexu\u00e1ln\u00edch mu\u017e\u016f a \u017een. N\u00e1r\u016fst byl pozorov\u00e1n v n\u011bkolika v\u011bkov\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch. Nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ale byl u kapavky u mlad\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed (15\u201324 let) v letech 2022 a 2023. Zat\u00edmco po\u010det hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f kapavky u \u017een a mlad\u0161\u00edch heterosexu\u00e1ln\u00edch mu\u017e\u016f za\u010dal v roce 2024 klesat, po\u010det p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f syfilidy nad\u00e1le roste ve v\u0161ech v\u011bkov\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch se znepokojiv\u00fdm t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 80% n\u00e1r\u016fstem p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f vrozen\u00e9 syfilidy mezi lety 2023 a 2024,\u201c poukazuje zpr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n

Mohlo by v\u00e1s zaj\u00edmat<\/p>\n


\n \"\"
\n <\/a><\/p>\n

Mezery ve sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rizik<\/p>\n

\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 velk\u00e1 hitpar\u00e1da to nen\u00ed ani s\u00a0napl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm preventivn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed. Ta se sice zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, ale zdaleka nedosahuj\u00ed vyty\u010den\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0roce 2024 vyu\u017eilo preexpozi\u010dn\u00ed profylaxi (PrEP) k prevenci n\u00e1kazy HIV 203 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed, co\u017e je o 70 tis\u00edc v\u00edce ne\u017e v roce 2022. Chyb\u011bj\u00ed v\u0161ak \u00fadaje o po\u010dtu lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed PrEP pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed. Nejde tak vyhodnotit, jak se da\u0159\u00ed naplnit c\u00edl, aby ji dost\u00e1valo 50 % osob s velmi vysok\u00fdm rizikem a 5 % osob se st\u0159edn\u00edm rizikem n\u00e1kazy HIV.<\/p>\n

\"\"Proo\u010dkovanost d\u011bt\u00ed proti hepatitid\u011b B t\u0159emi d\u00e1vkami. Zelen\u011b st\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 c\u00edl 95 % splnily, mod\u0159e jsou do 5 % od c\u00edle, \u017elut\u011b st\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mezery \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b \u010cR. Zdroj: ECDC<\/p>\n

Pokud jde o prevenci p\u0159enosu HIV, hepatitidy B a C sd\u00edlen\u00edm kontaminovan\u00fdch jehel, 7 zem\u00ed dos\u00e1hlo c\u00edle distribuovat 200 jehel ro\u010dn\u011b na osobu injek\u010dn\u011b u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed drogy. 15 zem\u00ed pak zvl\u00e1dlo naplnit c\u00edl, aby 40 % u\u017eivatel\u016f opioid\u016f dost\u00e1valo l\u00e9\u010dbu opioidn\u00edmi agonisty. U hepatitidy B pak 9 zem\u00ed dos\u00e1hlo 95% proo\u010dkovanosti d\u011bt\u00ed t\u0159emi d\u00e1vkami.<\/p>\n

Spln\u011bny jen 3 c\u00edle ze 17<\/p>\n

Podtr\u017eeno, se\u010dteno, EU\/EHP zvl\u00e1dla splnit 3 z\u00a0celkem 17 vyty\u010den\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f: l\u00e9\u010dbu HIV, detekci TBC a \u00famrtnost na hepatitidu B. Je tak\u00e9 na dobr\u00e9 cest\u011b k dosa\u017een\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch 3 c\u00edl\u016f, kter\u00e9 v\u0161echny souvisej\u00ed s HIV: testov\u00e1n\u00ed, l\u00e9\u010dba a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u00famrtnosti souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s AIDS.<\/p>\n

\u201eV porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159edchoz\u00edm rokem se hlavn\u00ed pokrok sm\u011brem k c\u00edl\u016fm t\u00fdkal HIV: 95 % osob s diagnostikovanou HIV podstupuje l\u00e9\u010dbu (c\u00edl spln\u011bn) a \u00famrtnost na HIV se od roku 2010 sn\u00ed\u017eila o 47 %. V\u011bt\u0161ina zem\u00ed v\u0161ak bu\u010f nen\u00ed na dobr\u00e9 cest\u011b k dosa\u017een\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny c\u00edl\u016f, nebo jim chyb\u011bj\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 data pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pokroku \u2013 zejm\u00e9na u virov\u00e9 hepatitidy a pohlavn\u011b p\u0159enosn\u00fdch infekc\u00ed. Mezi zem\u011bmi tak\u00e9 existuj\u00ed velk\u00e9 rozd\u00edly,\u201c konstatuje zpr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n

ECDC proto doporu\u010dilo st\u00e1t\u016fm zam\u011b\u0159it se na 3 oblasti: roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed c\u00edlen\u00fdch preventivn\u00edch intervenc\u00ed, pos\u00edlen\u00ed testovac\u00edch a l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb a zlep\u0161en\u00ed dostupnosti dat. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b bychom m\u011bli zlep\u0161it:<\/p>\n

preexpozi\u010dn\u00ed profylaxi k prevenci n\u00e1kazy HIV,<\/p>\n

poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed jehel a st\u0159\u00edka\u010dek prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00fdch program\u016f k prevenci virov\u00e9 hepatitidy a HIV,<\/p>\n

l\u00e9\u010dbu agonisty opioid\u016f k \u200b\u200bprevenci virov\u00e9 hepatitidy a HIV,<\/p>\n

pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kondom\u016f k prevenci HIV, hepatitidy a pohlavn\u011b p\u0159enosn\u00fdch infekc\u00ed,<\/p>\n

preventivn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu TBC u kontakt\u016f v d\u011btstv\u00ed,<\/p>\n

o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti HBV.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Evropa m\u00e1 sice modern\u00ed medic\u00ednu, ale v boji s infek\u010dn\u00edmi chorobami selh\u00e1v\u00e1. Nov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va Evropsk\u00e9ho centra pro kontrolu…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":82812,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[26166,19607,109,108,106,7590,26167,26168,22399,3275,26169,2216,26170,26171,26172,26173],"class_list":{"0":"post-82811","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-evropa","8":"tag-chlamydie","9":"tag-ecdc","10":"tag-europa","11":"tag-europe","12":"tag-evropa","13":"tag-hepatitida","14":"tag-hepatitida-b","15":"tag-hepatitida-c","16":"tag-hiv","17":"tag-infekce","18":"tag-kapavka","19":"tag-prevence","20":"tag-sexualne-prenosne-nemoci","21":"tag-syfilis","22":"tag-tbc","23":"tag-tuberkuloza"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116560165986946005","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82811","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=82811"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82811\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/82812"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=82811"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=82811"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=82811"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}