{"id":83431,"date":"2026-05-12T16:14:11","date_gmt":"2026-05-12T16:14:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/83431\/"},"modified":"2026-05-12T16:14:11","modified_gmt":"2026-05-12T16:14:11","slug":"osel-cz-domorodci-z-and-maji-superschopnost-traveni-skrobu-diky-bramboram","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/83431\/","title":{"rendered":":: OSEL.CZ :: – Domorodci z\u00a0And maj\u00ed superschopnost tr\u00e1ven\u00ed \u0161krobu, d\u00edky brambor\u00e1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Altiplano<\/a><\/p>\n

Altiplano v\u00a0Bolivii. Kredit: profe_miguel, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.<\/p>\n

Brambory domestikovali obyvatel\u00e9 vysokohorsk\u00e9ho Altiplana v\u00a0And\u00e1ch, v\u00a0oblasti ji\u017en\u00edho Peru a severoz\u00e1padu Bolivie asi 5\u00a0000 a\u017e 8\u00a0000 let p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem. Nen\u00ed to \u00fapln\u011b snadn\u00e9 zjistit, proto\u017ee brambory, t\u0159eba na rozd\u00edl od obilek obil\u00ed, nerady fosilizuj\u00ed a nejstar\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1lezy brambory jsou z\u00a0lokality Anc\u00f3n na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Peru, z\u00a0doby asi 2500 let p\u0159ed letopo\u010dtem.<\/p>\n

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\"Abigail<\/a><\/p>\n

Abigail Bigham. Kredit: A. Bigham.<\/p>\n

Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b se zd\u00e1, \u017ee lid\u00e9 na Altiplanu \u017eij\u00ed s\u00a0bramborami mo\u017en\u00e1 a\u017e 10\u00a0000 let. A jak to vypad\u00e1, zanechalo to na nich z\u0159eteln\u00e9 stopy. Tato \u0161krobem nacpan\u00e1 plodina se stala z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jejich vysokohorsk\u00e9ho j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku. Dne\u0161n\u00ed potomci d\u00e1vn\u00fdch obyvatel Altiplana Peru nesou nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd po\u010det kopi\u00ed genu spojen\u00e9ho s tr\u00e1ven\u00edm \u0161krobu ze v\u0161ech lidsk\u00fdch populac\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n

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Jde o gen AMY1 pro slinnou amyl\u00e1zu (ptyalin), kter\u00e1 hraje v\u00a0tr\u00e1ven\u00ed \u0161krobu u lid\u00ed st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed roli. Evolu\u010dn\u00ed antropolo\u017eka Abigail Bighamov\u00e1 z University of California, Los Angeles a jej\u00ed kolegov\u00e9 potvrdili, \u017ee s\u00a0t\u00edm m\u00e1 co d\u011blat intenzivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br, kter\u00fd za\u010dal zv\u00fdhod\u0148ovat obyvatele Altiplana s neobvykle vysok\u00fdm po\u010dtem kopi\u00ed genu AMY1. Shodou okolnost\u00ed to bylo dob\u011b, kdy tam domestikovali brambory.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"V\u00a0Ji\u017en\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u00a0Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe maj\u00ed neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 odr\u016fdy brambor. Kredit: Lin linao, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.<\/p>\n

Jak vysv\u011btluje Bighamov\u00e1, lid\u00e9 s vysok\u00fdm po\u010dtem kopi\u00ed genu AMY1 obvykle maj\u00ed ve slin\u00e1ch v\u00edce amyl\u00e1zy a nejsp\u00ed\u0161 d\u00edky tomu l\u00e9pe tr\u00e1v\u00ed \u0161krob. S\u00a0kolegy z\u00edskali vzorky DNA ke\u010du\u00e1nsky mluv\u00edc\u00edch obyvatel peru\u00e1nsk\u00fdch And a n\u00e1sledn\u011b je porovnali s\u00a0datab\u00e1zemi DNA des\u00edtek sou\u010dasn\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdch populac\u00ed. Sna\u017eili se vylou\u010dit mo\u017enost, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det kopi\u00ed gen\u016f AMY1 u lid\u00ed na Altiplanu maj\u00ed na sv\u011bdom\u00ed t\u0159eba n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 popula\u010dn\u00ed mechanismy, jako efekt hrdla lahve (Bottleneck effect).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee to doopravdy byly brambory. Badatel\u00e9 zjistili, \u017ee co na Altiplanu domestikovali brambory, lid\u00e9 s\u00a0deseti a v\u00edce kopiemi genu AMY1 m\u011bli v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 generaci o 1,24 procenta vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u0161anci na to, \u017ee po\u0161lou sv\u016fj genom d\u00e1l. Na prvn\u00ed pohled to nen\u00ed moc, ale pro p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br to bohat\u011b sta\u010d\u00ed. Mayov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed obyvatel Altiplana, ale brambory nep\u011bstovali, maj\u00ed dnes v\u00a0genomu jen kolem \u0161esti kopi\u00ed gen pro slinnou amyl\u00e1zu AMY1.<\/p>\n

Op\u011bt se potvrdilo, \u017ee vysokohorsk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed nab\u00edz\u00ed skv\u011bl\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti pro studium lidsk\u00fdch evolu\u010dn\u00edch adaptac\u00ed. P\u0159itom se ukazuje, \u017ee nemus\u00ed j\u00edt jenom o fyziologick\u00e9 znaky souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm. Jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 spoluautor t\u00e9to studie Omer Gokcumen z University at Buffalo, biologov\u00e9 u\u017e dlouho p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee si r\u016fzn\u00e9 skupiny vyvinuly genetick\u00e9 adaptace v souvislosti s\u00a0potravou. Jen m\u00e1lokdy to pr\u00fd ale takto bije do o\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Video: Prof. Abigail Bigham (U of Michigan) on Identifying Functional Adaptation to High-Altitude Hypoxia<\/p>\n

&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;p class=“western“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;p class=“western“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;em&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Video: &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/em&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Altiplano Peru 4K&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;p class=“western“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;iframe src=“https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6zFOJbqKXHo“ _mce_src=“https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6zFOJbqKXHo“ frameborder=“0″ allowfullscreen allow=“accelerometer; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture“ &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;p class=“western“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;span style=“color: #000000;“ _mce_style=“color: #000000;“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;span style=“font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;“ _mce_style=“font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;span style=“font-size: small;“ _mce_style=“font-size: small;“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;iframe src=“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;span style=“color: #0000ff;“ _mce_style=“color: #0000ff;“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;span style=“text-decoration: underline;“ _mce_style=“text-decoration: underline;“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;span style=“font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;“ _mce_style=“font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;span style=“font-size: small;“ _mce_style=“font-size: small;“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6zFOJbqKXHo&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;span style=“color: #000000;“ _mce_style=“color: #000000;“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;span style=“font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;“ _mce_style=“font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;span style=“font-size: small;“ _mce_style=“font-size: small;“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;“ frameborder=“0″ allowfullscreen allow=“accelerometer; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture“ &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;p class=“western“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;br \/&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;p class=“western“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;em&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Literatura&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/strong&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/em&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;p class=“western“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;span style=“color: #0000ff;“ _mce_style=“color: #0000ff;“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;span style=“text-decoration: underline;“ _mce_style=“text-decoration: underline;“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;a href=“https:\/\/newsroom.ucla.edu\/releases\/indigenous-andeans-have-a-digestive-superpower-potatoes-research“ _mce_href=“https:\/\/newsroom.ucla.edu\/releases\/indigenous-andeans-have-a-digestive-superpower-potatoes-research“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;University of California, Los Angeles 5. 5. 2026.&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/a&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;p class=“western“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;span style=“color: #0000ff;“ _mce_style=“color: #0000ff;“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;span style=“text-decoration: underline;“ _mce_style=“text-decoration: underline;“&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;a href=“https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-71450-8″ _mce_href=“https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-71450-8″&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Nature Communications 17: 3822.&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/a&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/span&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;\/p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Video: Altiplano Peru 4K<\/p>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Literatura<\/p>\n

University of California, Los Angeles 5. 5. 2026.<\/a><\/p>\n

Nature Communications 17: 3822.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Altiplano v\u00a0Bolivii. Kredit: profe_miguel, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Brambory domestikovali obyvatel\u00e9 vysokohorsk\u00e9ho Altiplana v\u00a0And\u00e1ch, v\u00a0oblasti ji\u017en\u00edho Peru…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":83432,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[12],"tags":[67,68,17771,26260,590],"class_list":["post-83431","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-byznys","tag-business","tag-byznys","tag-evoluce","tag-farmareni","tag-zemedelstvi"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116562497792250120","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83431","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=83431"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83431\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/83432"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=83431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=83431"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=83431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}