{"id":86970,"date":"2026-05-15T18:41:11","date_gmt":"2026-05-15T18:41:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/86970\/"},"modified":"2026-05-15T18:41:11","modified_gmt":"2026-05-15T18:41:11","slug":"teleso-s-atmosferou-na-okraji-slunecni-soustavy-prekvapilo-vedce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/86970\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u011bleso s\u00a0atmosf\u00e9rou na okraji Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy p\u0159ekvapilo v\u011bdce"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u011bleso ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako (612533) 2002\u00a0XV93\u00a0pat\u0159\u00ed mezi takzvan\u00e9 transneptunick\u00e9 objekty, tedy vzd\u00e1len\u00e1 ledov\u00e1 t\u011blesa za dr\u00e1hou Neptunu, kter\u00e1 poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00a0ran\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v\u00a0Kuiperov\u011b p\u00e1su, rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 oblasti za dr\u00e1hou Neptunu, kde ob\u00edhaj\u00ed tis\u00edce podobn\u00fdch ledov\u00fdch t\u011bles. V\u011bdci tuto oblast pova\u017euj\u00ed za poz\u016fstatek ran\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed soustavy.<\/p>\n

V dob\u011b pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed se t\u011bleso nach\u00e1zelo asi 5,5\u00a0miliardy kilometr\u016f od Slunce, tedy p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 37kr\u00e1t d\u00e1l ne\u017e Zem\u011b. Kolem Slunce ob\u011bhne jednou za 247\u00a0let.<\/p>\n

Pr\u016fm\u011br t\u011blesa dosahuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 500\u00a0kilometr\u016f, tak\u017ee je v\u00fdrazn\u011b men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e trpasli\u010d\u00ed planety Pluto nebo Eris. Podle dosavadn\u00edch p\u0159edstav by ale objekt takov\u00e9 velikosti nem\u011bl b\u00fdt schopn\u00fd dlouhodob\u011b udr\u017eet atmosf\u00e9ru. Jeho gravitace je toti\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 slab\u00e1 na to, aby kolem sebe dok\u00e1zala udr\u017eet plyny po miliardy let.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto v\u011bdce nov\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, o\u00a0kter\u00e9m vy\u0161la tento m\u011bs\u00edc odborn\u00e1 studie v\u00a0\u010dasopise Nature Astronomy<\/a>, p\u0159ekvapilo. <\/p>\n

Milionkr\u00e1t \u0159id\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na Zemi<\/p>\n

Atmosf\u00e9ra objektu je podle odhad\u016f p\u011bt- a\u017e desetmilionkr\u00e1t \u0159id\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e atmosf\u00e9ra Zem\u011b. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0Plutem je asi pades\u00e1tkr\u00e1t a\u017e stokr\u00e1t \u0159id\u0161\u00ed. Tvo\u0159it ji m\u016f\u017ee metan, dus\u00edk nebo oxid uhelnat\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\u201eObjev nazna\u010duje, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e1 mal\u00e1 ledov\u00e1 t\u011blesa ve vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt zcela neaktivn\u00ed a\u00a0nem\u011bnn\u00e1, jak jsme si dosud mysleli,\u201c uvedl podle agentury Reuters<\/a> hlavn\u00ed autor studie Ko Arimatsu z\u00a0N\u00e1rodn\u00ed astronomick\u00e9 observato\u0159e Japonska.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci nyn\u00ed pracuj\u00ed se dv\u011bma hlavn\u00edmi mo\u017enostmi, jak atmosf\u00e9ra vznikla. Prvn\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee plyny unikaj\u00ed z\u00a0nitra t\u011blesa d\u00edky takzvan\u00e9mu kryovulkanismu, tedy chladn\u00e9 obdob\u011b sope\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. Na rozd\u00edl od sopek na Zemi by p\u0159itom z\u00a0nitra neunikala roztaven\u00e1 hornina, ale zmrzl\u00e9 plyny a\u00a0led.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00e1 mo\u017enost po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee plyny uvolnila relativn\u011b ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 sr\u00e1\u017eka s\u00a0jin\u00fdm men\u0161\u00edm ledov\u00fdm t\u011blesem.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Pokud by se jednalo pouze o\u00a0poz\u016fstatek po sr\u00e1\u017ece, mohla by atmosf\u00e9ra b\u011bhem dal\u0161\u00edch let nebo desetilet\u00ed postupn\u011b zmizet. Pokud by ale p\u0159etrvala, nazna\u010dovalo by to, \u017ee je pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b dopl\u0148ov\u00e1na z\u00a0nitra objektu.<\/p>\n

Objev z\u00e1rove\u0148 nazna\u010duje, \u017ee i\u00a0velmi vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 a\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u011b chladn\u00e9 sv\u011bty mohou b\u00fdt mnohem aktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se dosud p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo.<\/p>\n

Pomohl z\u00e1kryt vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy<\/p>\n

Astronomov\u00e9 t\u011bleso zkoumali pomoc\u00ed pozemn\u00edch teleskop\u016f v\u00a0japonsk\u00fdch m\u011bstech Kj\u00f3to, Nagano a\u00a0Fuku\u0161ima p\u0159i takzvan\u00e9m z\u00e1krytu hv\u011bzdy. K\u00a0tomu doch\u00e1z\u00ed ve chv\u00edli, kdy objekt z\u00a0pohledu Zem\u011b p\u0159ejde p\u0159ed vzd\u00e1lenou hv\u011bzdu a\u00a0do\u010dasn\u011b zakryje jej\u00ed sv\u011btlo.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b jemn\u00e9 zm\u011bny jasnosti hv\u011bzdy b\u011bhem z\u00e1krytu umo\u017enily v\u011bdc\u016fm odhalit zn\u00e1mky p\u0159\u00edtomnosti velmi tenk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry. Podobn\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejp\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metody, jak zkoumat vzd\u00e1len\u00e1 t\u011blesa na okraji Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy.<\/p>\n

Objekt pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b obsahuje vodn\u00ed led, horniny a\u00a0organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky bohat\u00e9 na uhl\u00edk. Mohl tak vzniknout u\u017e v\u00a0ran\u00e9m obdob\u00ed formov\u00e1n\u00ed Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 4,5\u00a0miliardy let.<\/p>\n

V souvislosti se zmi\u0148ovanou trpasli\u010d\u00ed planetou Pluto stoj\u00ed za p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed i\u00a0dubnov\u00e9 vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed<\/a> \u0161\u00e9fa americk\u00e9 NASA Jareda Isaacmana, podle kter\u00e9ho by se Pluto m\u011blo vr\u00e1tit mezi planety. To bylo p\u0159itom mezi trpasli\u010d\u00ed planety p\u0159eklasifikov\u00e1no Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed astronomickou uni\u00ed v\u00a0roce 2006, \u010d\u00e1st astronom\u016f ale s\u00a0t\u00edmto rozhodnut\u00edm dodnes nesouhlas\u00ed.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"T\u011bleso ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako (612533) 2002\u00a0XV93\u00a0pat\u0159\u00ed mezi takzvan\u00e9 transneptunick\u00e9 objekty, tedy vzd\u00e1len\u00e1 ledov\u00e1 t\u011blesa za dr\u00e1hou Neptunu, kter\u00e1 poch\u00e1zej\u00ed…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":86971,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[27067,2727,15482,245,1542,20870,27069,74,73,8279,78,75,27068,77,76,1540],"class_list":{"0":"post-86970","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-veda-a-technika","8":"tag-2002-xv93-vesmirne-teleso","9":"tag-astronomie","10":"tag-atmosfera","11":"tag-japonsko","12":"tag-nasa","13":"tag-neptun","14":"tag-pluto","15":"tag-science","16":"tag-science-technology","17":"tag-slunecni-soustava","18":"tag-technika","19":"tag-technology","20":"tag-trpaslici-planety","21":"tag-veda","22":"tag-veda-a-technika","23":"tag-vesmir"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116580062878667543","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86970","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=86970"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86970\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/86971"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86970"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=86970"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=86970"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}