{"id":89465,"date":"2026-05-18T13:04:10","date_gmt":"2026-05-18T13:04:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/89465\/"},"modified":"2026-05-18T13:04:10","modified_gmt":"2026-05-18T13:04:10","slug":"prvnim-znamym-zubarem-byl-neandertalec-z-ruska-ukazuje-nova-studie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/89465\/","title":{"rendered":"Prvn\u00edm zn\u00e1m\u00fdm zuba\u0159em byl neandert\u00e1lec z\u00a0Ruska, ukazuje nov\u00e1 studie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zejm\u00e9na ru\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci tak objevili d\u016fkazy o\u00a0stomatologick\u00e9m z\u00e1kroku, kter\u00fd prob\u011bhl t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u0159ed 60\u00a0000\u00a0lety. O\u00a0nov\u00e9 studii v\u00a0odborn\u00e9m \u010dasopise PLOS One<\/a> informoval den\u00edk The Guardian<\/a> \u010di magaz\u00edn Smithsonian<\/a>. <\/p>\n

Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0nejstar\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd d\u016fkaz zubn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed, o\u00a0zhruba 45\u00a0000\u00a0let star\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dosud zn\u00e1m\u00fd nejstar\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad z\u00a0It\u00e1lie, datovan\u00fd p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b do doby p\u0159ed 14\u00a0000\u00a0lety, jak p\u0159ipomn\u011bl magaz\u00edn BBC Science Focus<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Odborn\u00edci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee do zubu bylo z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b vrt\u00e1no ostr\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem, aby se l\u00e9\u010dila infekce a\u00a0zm\u00edrnila bolest.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Sofistikovan\u00fd, ale bolestiv\u00fd z\u00e1krok<\/p>\n

Archeolo\u017eka Ksenia Kolobovov\u00e1 z\u00a0pobo\u010dky Rusk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd v\u00a0Novosibirsku uvedla, \u017ee n\u00e1lez z\u00e1sadn\u011b posiluje pohled na neandert\u00e1lce jako na vysp\u011blou lidskou populaci s\u00a0komplexn\u00edmi schopnostmi.<\/p>\n

\u201eTento objev siln\u011b posiluje nyn\u00ed dob\u0159e podlo\u017een\u00fd n\u00e1zor o\u00a0neandert\u00e1lc\u00edch. Ti nebyli brut\u00e1ln\u00edmi a\u00a0m\u00e9n\u011bcenn\u00fdmi bratranci ze zastaral\u00fdch stereotyp\u016f, ale sofistikovanou lidskou populac\u00ed se slo\u017eit\u00fdmi kognitivn\u00edmi a\u00a0kulturn\u00edmi schopnostmi,\u201c poznamenala.<\/p>\n

Podle Kolobovov\u00e9 objev odhaluje nov\u00fd rozm\u011br jejich chov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 schopnost prov\u00e1d\u011bt invazivn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 z\u00e1kroky. Stoli\u010dka poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0nalezi\u0161t\u011b, kde archeologov\u00e9 objevili poz\u016fstatky neandert\u00e1lc\u016f a\u00a0tis\u00edce kamenn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f.<\/p>\n

Mikroskopick\u00e1 rentgenov\u00e1 anal\u00fdza konkr\u00e9tn\u011b uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee zub byl posti\u017een siln\u00fdm kazem, kter\u00fd pronikl a\u017e do d\u0159e\u0148ov\u00e9 dutiny. Okraje otvoru jsou vyhlazen\u00e9 a\u00a0v jeho vnit\u0159ku jsou patrn\u00e9 stopy opot\u0159eben\u00ed, co\u017e podle v\u011bdc\u016f znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk po z\u00e1kroku je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bjakou dobu zub pou\u017e\u00edval.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci experiment\u00e1ln\u011b ov\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee podobn\u00fd otvor lze vytvo\u0159it ru\u010dn\u00edm ot\u00e1\u010den\u00edm \u00fazk\u00e9ho, prot\u00e1hl\u00e9ho kamenn\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroje z\u00a0m\u00edstn\u00edho miner\u00e1lu jaspisu. Proniknut\u00ed do zuboviny t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem trvalo 35\u00a0a\u017e 50\u00a0minut nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce. Podle Kolobovov\u00e9 musel b\u00fdt z\u00e1krok mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b bolestiv\u00fd.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Justin Durham z\u00a0univerzity v\u00a0Newcastlu, kter\u00fd si prohl\u00e9dl sn\u00edmky zubu, av\u0161ak na v\u00fdzkumu se nepod\u00edlel, ozna\u010dil pr\u00e1ci neandert\u00e1lce za slu\u0161n\u011b odvedenou. Podle n\u011bj mohl otvor kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b ulevit od prudk\u00e9 bolesti t\u00edm, \u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eil tlak zp\u016fsoben\u00fd infekc\u00ed uvnit\u0159 zubu.<\/p>\n

V modern\u00ed stomatologii je podle Durhama k\u00a0proniknut\u00ed p\u0159es vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstvu zubu pot\u0159eba n\u00e1stroj s\u00a0diamantov\u00fdm hrotem, kter\u00fd se ot\u00e1\u010d\u00ed rychlost\u00ed p\u0159es 40\u00a0000\u00a0ot\u00e1\u010dek za minutu. Bez n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed ale zub pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b z\u016fstal n\u00e1chyln\u00fd k\u00a0chronick\u00e9 infekci.<\/p>\n

Spoluautorka studie Lydia Zotkinov\u00e1 z\u00a0Rusk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd upozornila tak\u00e9 na mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou odolnost \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd z\u00e1krok podstoupil. Podle n\u00ed si musel uv\u011bdomovat, \u017ee bolestiv\u00fd z\u00e1sah p\u0159inese do\u010dasnou \u00falevu od je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed bolesti zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 z\u00e1n\u011btem.<\/p>\n

Podle autor\u016f studie u\u017e d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1lezy uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee neandert\u00e1lci pe\u010dovali o\u00a0nemocn\u00e9 a\u00a0zran\u011bn\u00e9 \u010dleny skupiny. Zm\u00ednili objev dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho mu\u017ee se zakrn\u011blou pa\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0s deformacemi v\u00a0obou nohou. Dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1lez se t\u00fdkal d\u00edt\u011bte s\u00a0Downov\u00fdm syndromem, kter\u00e9 se do\u017eilo nejm\u00e9n\u011b \u0161esti let. Nov\u00fd objev podle nich dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 nejen soucit, ale i\u00a0schopnost pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0technickou zru\u010dnost.<\/p>\n

Jeskyn\u011b \u010cagyrskaja pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm nalezi\u0161t\u00edm neandert\u00e1lc\u016f na ji\u017en\u00ed Sibi\u0159i.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Zejm\u00e9na ru\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci tak objevili d\u016fkazy o\u00a0stomatologick\u00e9m z\u00e1kroku, kter\u00fd prob\u011bhl t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u0159ed 60\u00a0000\u00a0lety. O\u00a0nov\u00e9 studii v\u00a0odborn\u00e9m \u010dasopise PLOS…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":89466,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[11],"tags":[3344,27644,486,61,2080,54,53,52,9094],"class_list":["post-89465","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-archeologie","tag-neandertalci","tag-pravek","tag-rusko","tag-sibir","tag-svet","tag-world","tag-world-news","tag-zuby"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116595724920438163","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89465","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=89465"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89465\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89465"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=89465"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=89465"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}