{"id":90522,"date":"2026-05-19T12:16:18","date_gmt":"2026-05-19T12:16:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/90522\/"},"modified":"2026-05-19T12:16:18","modified_gmt":"2026-05-19T12:16:18","slug":"odvolaci-soudy-maji-prijit-o-silnou-paku-ministerstvo-reaguje-i-na-capi-hnizdo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/90522\/","title":{"rendered":"Odvolac\u00ed soudy maj\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edt o silnou p\u00e1ku. Ministerstvo reaguje i na \u010cap\u00ed hn\u00edzdo"},"content":{"rendered":"

Odvolac\u00ed soudy mus\u00ed samy prov\u00e9st d\u016fkazy, pokud trvaj\u00ed na odsouzen\u00ed osoby, kterou nal\u00e9zac\u00ed soud p\u016fvodn\u011b zprostil viny. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mohou nov\u011b na\u0159\u00eddit, aby v\u011bc v prvn\u00edm stupni projednal jin\u00fd sen\u00e1t. Odvolac\u00ed soud u\u017e tak\u00e9 nebude moci ru\u0161it rozsudek se z\u00e1vazn\u00fdm pokynem adresovan\u00fdm prvn\u00ed instanci, jak\u00e1 m\u00e1 u\u010dinit skutkov\u00e1 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem m\u00e1 hodnotit d\u016fkazy. Dosavadn\u00ed praxe je toti\u017e v rozporu s \u00dastavou.<\/p>\n

Vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 to z\u00a0n\u00e1vrhu novely trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du<\/a>, jak ho ministerstvo spravedlnosti p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 do p\u0159ipom\u00ednkov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Podle d\u016fvodov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy vych\u00e1z\u00ed zm\u011bna z\u00a0\u201epodn\u011btu z\u00e1stupc\u016f advokacie\u201c.<\/p>\n

Odvolac\u00ed soud nesm\u00ed odsoudit zpro\u0161t\u011bnou osobu<\/p>\n

Opakovan\u00e9 vracen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f s\u00a0pokyny nad\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho soudu, kdy p\u0159esto prvoinstan\u010dn\u00ed soud trv\u00e1 na sv\u00e9m hodnocen\u00ed skutku, protahuje trestn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na desetilet\u00ed. Jde o st\u0159et r\u016fzn\u00fdch princip\u016f a o v\u00e1\u017enou situaci, jak rovn\u011b\u017e vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed konference o mez\u00edch apela\u010dn\u00edho principu na Pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 fakult\u011b.<\/a><\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9mem je trestn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d. \u201ePodle st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravy odvolac\u00ed soud v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nem\u016f\u017ee odsoudit obvin\u011bn\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9ho soud prvn\u00edho stupn\u011b zprostil ob\u017ealoby,\u201c upozor\u0148uje ministerstvo spravedlnosti<\/a> v\u00a0d\u016fvodov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b.\u00a0Rozsudek m\u016f\u017ee pouze zru\u0161it a v\u011bc vr\u00e1tit k\u00a0nov\u00e9mu rozhodnut\u00ed prvoinstan\u010dn\u00edmu soudu.<\/p>\n

Co sm\u00ed a co nesm\u00ed odvolac\u00ed soud?<\/p>\n

Kv\u016fli neust\u00e1l\u00e9mu vracen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, r\u016fzn\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm n\u00e1zor\u016fm a odli\u0161n\u00e9mu hodnocen\u00ed \u010di rozsahu pokyn\u016f se takov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady \u010dasto dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed a\u017e k\u00a0\u00dastavn\u00edmu soudu. Ten v\u00a0roce 2022 usnesen\u00edm I. \u00daS 1365\/21 rozhodl, kter\u00e9 pokyny sm\u00ed a kter\u00e9 naopak nesm\u00ed odvolac\u00ed soud v\u016f\u010di prvn\u00ed instanci vyd\u00e1vat<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Odvolac\u00ed soud nesm\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed instanci diktovat, jak m\u00e1 ch\u00e1pat celou situaci nebo jakou v\u00e1hu m\u00e1 p\u0159ikl\u00e1dat jednotliv\u00fdm d\u016fkaz\u016fm. Stejn\u011b tak mu nem\u016f\u017ee na\u0159izovat nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 postupy p\u0159i dokazov\u00e1n\u00ed ani ho nutit, aby v p\u0159\u00edpadu dosp\u011bl k p\u0159edem ur\u010den\u00e9mu z\u00e1v\u011bru.<\/p>\n

Kdy je jedn\u00e1n\u00ed odvolac\u00edho soudu proti \u00dastav\u011b?<\/p>\n

\u201eJe tedy pova\u017eov\u00e1no za proti\u00fastavn\u00ed, pokud odvolac\u00ed soud ru\u0161\u00ed opakovan\u011b rozsudky prvoinstan\u010dn\u00edho soudu proto, aby p\u0159im\u011bl soud prvn\u00edho stupn\u011b k\u00a0p\u0159evzet\u00ed sv\u00fdch skutkov\u00fdch z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f \u010di\u00a0hodnocen\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f,\u201c upozor\u0148uje v\u00a0d\u016fvodov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b ministerstvo.<\/p>\n

\"RobertRobert Tempel d\u0159\u00edve u soudu. Foto: Jan \u0160in\u00e1gl<\/p>\n

Jako nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fd tlak ozna\u010dil \u00dastavn\u00ed soud p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy odvolac\u00ed soud ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 nekonzistentn\u00ed pokyny. Opakovan\u011b vy\u017eaduje hodnocen\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f z\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00fahl\u016f, i kdy\u017e to napoprv\u00e9 neulo\u017eil. Nebo ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 obecn\u00e9 pokyny \u010di naopak vyjad\u0159uje sv\u016fj n\u00e1zor na spolehlivost d\u016fkazu, sv\u011bdka \u010di znalce.<\/p>\n

Od t\u00e9to ust\u00e1len\u00e9 judikatury se ov\u0161em odch\u00fdlil n\u00e1lez \u00dastavn\u00edho soudu IV. \u00daS 2980\/22. Ten p\u0159ipustil, \u017ee odvolac\u00ed soud m\u016f\u017ee zav\u00e1zat prvoinstan\u010dn\u00ed soud k\u00a0tomu, aby ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho uznal vinn\u00fdm v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee odvolac\u00ed soud ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m zased\u00e1n\u00ed zopakuje d\u016fkaz \u010di d\u016fkazy.<\/p>\n

Mohlo by v\u00e1s zaj\u00edmat<\/p>\n


\n \"Sv\u011bt
\n <\/a><\/p>\n

P\u0159i pochybnostech provede d\u016fkazy odvolac\u00ed soud<\/p>\n

Ministerstvo spravedlnosti proto nyn\u00ed navrhuje zakotvit tento princip do trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du. \u00a0Navrhuje, \u017ee odvolac\u00ed soud nesm\u00ed d\u00e1vat p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 pokyny ve\u00a0vztahu k\u00a0hodnocen\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f. P\u0159i \u201epochybnostech\u201c odvolac\u00edho soudu o spr\u00e1vnosti rozhodnut\u00ed se mus\u00ed s\u00a0t\u011bmito pochybnostmi prvoinstan\u010dn\u00ed soud vypo\u0159\u00e1dat.<\/p>\n

\u201eP\u0159edpokladem uplatn\u011bn\u00ed takov\u00fdch v\u00fdhrad ze strany odvolac\u00edho soudu sm\u011brem k\u00a0soudu nal\u00e9zac\u00edmu v\u0161ak je, \u017ee odvolac\u00ed soud s\u00e1m provede pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy, o nich\u017e m\u00e1 pochybnosti, jinak je v\u00e1z\u00e1n hodnocen\u00edm d\u016fkaz\u016f proveden\u00fdm prvoinstan\u010dn\u00edm soudem,\u201c popisuje novou \u00fapravu ministerstvo spravedlnosti.<\/p>\n

Pokud se prvoinstan\u010dn\u00ed soud se\u00a0vznesen\u00fdmi v\u00fdhradami opakovan\u011b nevypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1, pak to m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k\u00a0odebr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadu a jeho p\u0159id\u011blen\u00ed jin\u00e9mu sen\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

Soudkyn\u011b trvaj\u00edc\u00ed na nevin\u011b Ne\u010dase je ohro\u017een\u00edm<\/p>\n

Typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpadem bylo opakovan\u00e9 vracen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f b\u00fdval\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra Petra Ne\u010dase (ODS) a jeho nyn\u00ed u\u017e b\u00fdval\u00e9 partnerky Jany Nagyov\u00e9 soudkyni Obvodn\u00edho soudu pro Prahu 1 Helen\u011b Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9. Soudkyn\u011b Helena Kr\u00e1lov\u00e1 soustavn\u011b odm\u00edtala Ne\u010dase a Nagyovou odsoudit v\u00a0rozporu se stanoviskem odvolac\u00edho soudu. Za to j\u00ed byl v\u00a0k\u00e1rn\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fd plat o 15 %.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0k\u00e1rn\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed psal tehdej\u0161\u00ed ministr spravedlnosti<\/a> za ANO Robert Pelik\u00e1n, \u017ee meze soudcovsk\u00e9 nez\u00e1vislosti nejsou bezb\u0159eh\u00e9 a despekt k\u00a0nad\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9m soudu ohro\u017euje justici.<\/p>\n

Presumpce neviny nebo justi\u010dn\u00ed omyl<\/p>\n

Aktu\u00e1ln\u011b \u010del\u00ed toto\u017en\u00e9mu probl\u00e9mu soudce M\u011bstsk\u00e9ho soudu v\u00a0Praze Jan \u0160ott v\u00a0kauze \u010cap\u00ed hn\u00edzdo sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra Andreje Babi\u0161e a europoslankyn\u011b Jany Nagyov\u00e9 (oba ANO). Tak\u00e9 soudce \u0160ott byl v\u00a0roce 2024 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00fd, \u017ee v\u00a0kauze \u201enebylo mimo d\u016fvodnou pochybnost prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee by ob\u017ealovan\u00ed sp\u00e1chali trestn\u00fd \u010din\u201c.<\/p>\n

Sv\u00e9 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed nezm\u011bnil ani po z\u00e1sahu odvolac\u00edho Vrchn\u00edho soudu v\u00a0Praze, kter\u00fd mu p\u0159\u00edpad vracel celkem t\u0159ikr\u00e1t. Napot\u0159et\u00ed dle pokynu Vrchn\u00edho soudu v\u00a0Praze Janu Nagyovou odsoudil. Doprovodil to v\u0161ak nesouhlasn\u00fdm koment\u00e1\u0159em v\u00a0od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1m\u011bstek ministra spravedlnosti Zden\u011bk Koudelka v\u00a0t\u00e9to souvislosti varoval<\/a> p\u0159ed justi\u010dn\u00edm omylem, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee vynucen\u00fdm rozsudkem odvolac\u00edho soudu vzniknout.<\/p>\n

Roberta Tempela poslal na do\u017eivot\u00ed odvolac\u00ed soud<\/p>\n

Ministerstvo spravedlnosti v\u00a0d\u016fvodov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b naopak odkazuje k\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadu st\u00ed\u017enosti Tempel v. \u010cR. <\/a> V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vrchn\u00ed soud hodnotil d\u016fkazy, ani\u017e by je s\u00e1m provedl. Roberta Tempela odsoudil na jejich z\u00e1klad\u011b na do\u017eivotn\u00ed v\u011bzen\u00ed za dvojn\u00e1sobnou vra\u017edu.<\/p>\n

Za v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 selh\u00e1n\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 justice to ozna\u010dil Evropsk\u00fd soud pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va (ESLP), kde Robert Tempel usp\u011bl se st\u00ed\u017enost\u00ed. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b rozhodnut\u00ed \u0160trasburku byl Tempel propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd z\u00a0v\u011bzen\u00ed v\u00a0roce 2021. \u010cesk\u00e9 soudy mu u\u017e p\u0159iznaly dev\u011bt milion\u016f jako n\u00e1hradu. Jeho pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1stupce ale pova\u017euje \u010d\u00e1stku za nedosta\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edpad bude \u0159e\u0161it Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Odvolac\u00ed soudy mus\u00ed samy prov\u00e9st d\u016fkazy, pokud trvaj\u00ed na odsouzen\u00ed osoby, kterou nal\u00e9zac\u00ed soud p\u016fvodn\u011b zprostil viny. V…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":90523,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[10],"tags":[266,2955,27827,27828,4432,20706,17,27829,21,1489,1488,1878,27830,16,14180,173,5497,1533,26783,27831,27832,27833,27834,3980,18,19,25362,22,1067,4429,19275,20,27835],"class_list":["post-90522","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-zpravy","tag-andrej-babis","tag-ano","tag-apelacni-princip","tag-capi-hnizdoi","tag-dukazy","tag-eslp","tag-headlines","tag-helena-kralova","tag-hlavni-udalosti","tag-jan-sott","tag-mestsky-soud-v-praze","tag-ministerstvo-spravedlnosti","tag-narizeny-soud","tag-news","tag-novela","tag-ods","tag-odvolaci-soud","tag-petr-necas","tag-pochybnosti","tag-provedeni-dukazu","tag-prvoinstancni-soud","tag-robert-pelikan","tag-robert-tempel","tag-strasburk","tag-top-news","tag-top-stories","tag-trestni-rad","tag-udalosti-dne","tag-ustavni-soud","tag-vrchni-soud-v-praze","tag-zdenek-koudelka","tag-zpravy","tag-zprosteni-viny"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":"Validation failed: Text character limit of 500 exceeded"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90522","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90522"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90522\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/90523"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90522"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=90522"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=90522"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}