Od prvn\u00edho potvrzen\u00e9ho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v roce 2018 zaznamenali astronomov\u00e9 pouh\u00fdch \u010dtrn\u00e1ct t\u011bchto z\u00e1blesk\u016f, co\u017e z nich d\u011bl\u00e1 jeden z nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch fenom\u00e9n\u016f modern\u00ed astronomie. V\u011bdci je ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako luminous fast blue optical transients (LFBOTs), tedy \u201esv\u00edtiv\u00e9 rychl\u00e9 modr\u00e9 optick\u00e9 p\u0159echodn\u00e9 jevy\u201c. Na rozd\u00edl od klasick\u00fdch supernov, kter\u00e9 mohou z\u00e1\u0159it cel\u00e9 t\u00fddny nebo m\u011bs\u00edce, tyto jevy dosahuj\u00ed maxima b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika dn\u00ed a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stejn\u011b rychle pohasnou.<\/p>\n
Po celou dobu si nav\u00edc udr\u017euj\u00ed intenzivn\u00ed modrou barvu, co\u017e podle astronom\u016f ukazuje na extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysok\u00e9 teploty. A podle vedouc\u00ed autorky nov\u00e9 studie<\/a> Anyi Nugentov\u00e9 z Centra pro astrofyziku Harvard & Smithsonian jde o ud\u00e1losti \u201enepodobn\u00e9 \u010demukoliv, co jsme dosud pozorovali\u201c. Nyn\u00ed jej\u00ed t\u00fdm p\u0159i\u0161el s mo\u017en\u00fdm vysv\u011btlen\u00edm. Za kosmick\u00fdmi z\u00e1blesky by mohla st\u00e1t dramatick\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost \u2013 \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra po\u017e\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b horkou hv\u011bzdu.<\/p>\n Kdy\u017e \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra za\u010dne po\u017e\u00edrat hv\u011bzdu<\/p>\n Tato hypot\u00e9za vznikla na z\u00e1klad\u011b anal\u00fdzy galaxi\u00ed, ve kter\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci LFBOTs pozorovali. Sledovali rychlost vzniku nov\u00fdch hv\u011bzd, chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed i celkovou hmotnost t\u011bchto galaxi\u00ed. A v\u00fdsledky podle nich nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u016fvodcem mohou b\u00fdt sr\u00e1\u017eky \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br \u010di neutronov\u00fdch hv\u011bzd s masivn\u00ed Wolfovou\u2013Rayetovou hv\u011bzdou.<\/p>\n Hv\u011bzdy typu Wolf\u2013Rayet za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed sv\u016fj \u017eivot jako sou\u010d\u00e1st dvojhv\u011bzdn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, v n\u011bm\u017e kolem spole\u010dn\u00e9ho st\u0159edu ob\u00edhaj\u00ed dva hv\u011bzdn\u00ed ob\u0159i. Jedna hv\u011bzda pak postupn\u011b \u201evys\u00e1v\u00e1\u201c vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstvy druh\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy, a\u017e po n\u00ed z\u016fstane jen rozp\u00e1len\u00e9 heliov\u00e9 j\u00e1dro \u2013 pr\u00e1v\u011b Wolfova\u2013Rayetova hv\u011bzda. <\/p>\n Druh\u00e1 hv\u011bzda se pozd\u011bji zhrout\u00ed sama do sebe a exploduje jako supernova, po n\u00ed\u017e z\u016fstane hv\u011bzdn\u00fd poz\u016fstatek v podob\u011b \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry nebo neutronov\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy. \u010cern\u00e1 d\u00edra pak d\u00e1l pohlcuje sv\u00e9ho hv\u011bzdn\u00e9ho souseda, a\u017e b\u011bhem stovek tis\u00edc let pronikne do jeho j\u00e1dra a zni\u010d\u00ed ho \u2013 \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznikne LFBOT neboli modr\u00fd z\u00e1blesk.<\/p>\n \u201eKdy\u017e kompaktn\u00ed objekt pronikne do Wolfovy\u2013Rayetovy hv\u011bzdy, m\u016f\u017ee velmi rychle pohlcovat hv\u011bzdn\u00fd materi\u00e1l a uvolnit obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed gravita\u010dn\u00ed energie,\u201c uvedl spoluautor studie Brian Metzger z Kolumbijsk\u00e9 univerzity. \u201e\u010c\u00e1st t\u00e9to energie vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed mohutn\u00e9 v\u00fdtrysky hmoty, kter\u00e9 nar\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed do okoln\u00edho materi\u00e1lu. V\u00fdsledkem je kr\u00e1tk\u00fd, ale mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b hork\u00fd a jasn\u00fd z\u00e1blesk.\u201c<\/p>\n Podle v\u011bdc\u016f jsou Wolfovy\u2013Rayetovy hv\u011bzdy ide\u00e1ln\u00edmi kandid\u00e1ty i proto, \u017ee LFBOTs nevykazuj\u00ed typick\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky p\u0159\u00edtomnosti vod\u00edku. To odpov\u00edd\u00e1 hv\u011bzd\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 u\u017e o svou vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vod\u00edkovou vrstvu p\u0159i\u0161ly.<\/p>\n V\u00fdbuchy daleko od st\u0159edu galaxi\u00ed<\/p>\n Dal\u0161\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed LFBOTs je m\u00edsto, kde vznikaj\u00ed. \u010casto se objevuj\u00ed velmi daleko od center galaxi\u00ed, p\u0159esto\u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b tam b\u00fdv\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hustota hv\u011bzd. Jeden z pozorovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f se odehr\u00e1l asi 55 tis\u00edc sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let od st\u0159edu galaxie, jin\u00fd se objevil v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 tis\u00edc sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let od nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed spir\u00e1ln\u00ed galaxie. To astronomy p\u0159ekvapilo \u2013 pokud by je spou\u0161t\u011bly b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy, podobn\u00e9 exploze by se m\u011bly objevovat hlavn\u011b v hust\u00fdch hv\u011bzdn\u00fdch oblastech.<\/p>\n \u201eMysl\u00edme si, \u017ee jejich p\u0159edch\u016fdci dostali siln\u00fd \u201akopanec\u2018, kter\u00fd je vymr\u0161til daleko od m\u00edsta jejich vzniku,\u201c vysv\u011btlila Nugentov\u00e1. Podle v\u011bdc\u016f mohla exploze, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e vznikla \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra nebo neutronov\u00e1 hv\u011bzda, z\u00e1rove\u0148 odmr\u0161tit cel\u00fd dvojhv\u011bzdn\u00fd syst\u00e9m do vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch oblast\u00ed galaxie.<\/p>\n Astronomov\u00e9 v\u0161ak upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee zat\u00edm jde pouze o hypot\u00e9zy \u2013 pozorovan\u00fdch LFBOTs je st\u00e1le p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 m\u00e1lo na definitivn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bry.<\/p>\n VIDEO: K\u00e1men, kter\u00fd vesm\u00edrn\u00fd rover mimod\u011bk rozdrtil, skr\u00fdval opravdov\u00fd poklad<\/p>\n Zdroje: Phys.org<\/a>, Daily Mail<\/a>, Science Daily<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Od prvn\u00edho potvrzen\u00e9ho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v roce 2018 zaznamenali astronomov\u00e9 pouh\u00fdch \u010dtrn\u00e1ct t\u011bchto z\u00e1blesk\u016f, co\u017e z nich d\u011bl\u00e1 jeden…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":91343,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[13],"tags":[74,73,27971,78,75,77,76,1540,14434],"class_list":["post-91342","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-veda-a-technika","tag-science","tag-science-technology","tag-signaly-z-neznama","tag-technika","tag-technology","tag-veda","tag-veda-a-technika","tag-vesmir","tag-zablesk"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116606101765114475","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91342","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=91342"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91342\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/91343"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91342"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=91342"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=91342"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}