![\"P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1779307627_560_9841492.jpg\" "\\"P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh")
<\/a>P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Saabu definitivn\u011b kon\u010d\u00ed. V aukci si budete moci koupit unik\u00e1tn\u00ed prototypy<\/a><\/p>\nD\u016fvod, pro\u010d byli Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 v nasazen\u00ed turbodmychadla u automobilov\u00e9ho motoru prvn\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b, nen\u00ed tak t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 odhadnout, jeliko\u017e v letectv\u00ed se turbodmychadlo pou\u017e\u00edvalo u\u017e od 30. let. \u0160lo o snahu kompenzovat \u00fabytek kysl\u00edku s rostouc\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161kou letu. A t\u00edm udr\u017eet v letov\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce stejn\u00fd v\u00fdkon motoru, jak\u00fd vykazoval ve v\u00fd\u0161ce st\u0159edn\u00ed hladiny mo\u0159e. Proto\u017ee \u0161lo o vesm\u011bs n\u00edzkotlak\u00e9 p\u0159epl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, nav\u00edc v kombinaci s leteck\u00fdm palivem, s probl\u00e9my se samoz\u00e1paly, lidov\u011b klep\u00e1n\u00edm motoru, se v letectv\u00ed tolik nepot\u00fdkali.<\/p>\n
Evropsk\u00e9 automobilky poprv\u00e9 nab\u00eddly turbodmychadlo po\u010d\u00e1tkem 70. let. Na samotn\u00e9m za\u010d\u00e1tku byly dominantn\u00ed t\u0159i zna\u010dky: BMW, Porsche a Saab. Posledn\u011b jmenovan\u00e1 \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e1 automobilka m\u011bla k p\u0159epl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed bl\u00edzko z letectv\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Kompresn\u00ed pom\u011br: Ukazatel hospod\u00e1rnosti<\/p>\n
Turbodmychadlem p\u0159epl\u0148ovan\u00e9 motory na sv\u00e9m po\u010d\u00e1tku sice zvy\u0161ovaly m\u011brn\u00fd v\u00fdkon agreg\u00e1t\u016f, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech pom\u011brn\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b, ov\u0161em na \u00fakor jin\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed. Ne\u0161lo jen o pru\u017enost motoru v n\u00edzk\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch ot\u00e1\u010dk\u00e1ch, ale tak\u00e9 o probl\u00e9m vysok\u00e9 spot\u0159eby paliva.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu znamenalo motor p\u0159epl\u0148ovat vysok\u00fdm p\u0159etlakem. Jen\u017ee to z\u00e1rove\u0148 znamenalo pou\u017e\u00edt velmi n\u00edzk\u00fd statick\u00fd kompresn\u00ed pom\u011br. A ten je jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch ukazatel\u016f termodynamick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti agreg\u00e1tu. P\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00e9m kompresn\u00edm pom\u011bru je zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost mal\u00e1, co\u017e vede k vysok\u00e9 spot\u0159eb\u011b paliva. Nikoliv v\u0161ak p\u0159i po\u017eadavku na vysok\u00fd v\u00fdkon, ale naopak v re\u017eimu n\u00edzk\u00e9ho nebo \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Takov\u00fd motor spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 hodn\u011b paliva bez ohledu na to, zda jezd\u00edte rychle nebo pomalu, a tedy i jak t\u011b\u017ekou pravou nohu m\u00e1te.<\/p>\n
Zv\u00fd\u0161it statick\u00fd kompresn\u00ed pom\u011br znamenalo naopak sn\u00ed\u017eit maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed plnic\u00ed tlak turbodmychadla. Jen\u017ee to tak\u00e9 znamenalo ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u011brn\u00fd v\u00fdkon. V opa\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by se motor dost\u00e1val do re\u017eimu vzniku samoz\u00e1pal\u016f, a tedy by klepal, lidov\u011b \u0159e\u010deno. To rozhodn\u011b jeho mechanice neprosp\u00edv\u00e1. U modern\u00edch motor\u016f se to \u0159e\u0161\u00ed vysp\u011bl\u00fdm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm turbodmychadla v kombinaci s p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00edm benzinu, kter\u00e9 ochlazuje spalovac\u00ed prostor, a tedy sni\u017euje riziko samoz\u00e1pal\u016f.<\/p>\n V\u00fdkon podle paliva<\/p>\n Do cel\u00e9 problematiky nav\u00edc vstupuje palivo, p\u0159esn\u011bji jeho oktanov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, kter\u00e9 ud\u00e1v\u00e1 odolnost motoru proti vzniku samoz\u00e1pal\u016f. \u010c\u00edm je oktanov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm je zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 odolnost lep\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n V dob\u011b, kdy se v motorech osobn\u00edch automobil\u016f nenab\u00edzelo p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00ed benzinu, p\u0159i\u0161el Saab u p\u0159epl\u0148ovan\u00fdch motor\u016f se syst\u00e9mem APC. Poprv\u00e9 se objevil u\u017e u motor\u016f druh\u00e9 generace t\u00e9to zna\u010dky v roce 1980.<\/p>\n APC je zkratka pro Automatic Performance Control, neboli \u201esamo\u010dinn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00fdkonu\u201c. Elektronick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed um\u011blo u\u017e tehdy p\u0159epl\u0148ovan\u00e9mu motoru zajistit spalov\u00e1n\u00ed na hranici klep\u00e1n\u00ed. A to bez ohledu na oktanov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo benzinu, kter\u00e9 bylo v rozsahu 92 a\u017e 98 VM (tj. \u010d\u00edslo zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 tzv. v\u00fdzkumnou metodou, tak\u00e9 ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 RON, Research Octane Number)<\/p>\n U b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch motor\u016f s elektronick\u00fdm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm je sn\u00edma\u010d klep\u00e1n\u00ed napojen na elektronick\u00e9 zapalov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pokud natankujete palivo o ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm oktanov\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle, dojde ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu zm\u011bnou p\u0159edstihu zapalov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n V syst\u00e9mu APC se k tomu nav\u00edc p\u0159id\u00e1vala regulace ot\u00e1\u010dek turbodmychadla, a tedy plnic\u00edho tlaku. Do \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotky APC vstupovaly sign\u00e1ly ze sn\u00edma\u010de klep\u00e1n\u00ed, sn\u00edma\u010de plnic\u00edho tlaku na b\u00e1zi transduktoru a sn\u00edma\u010de ot\u00e1\u010dek motoru u p\u016fvodn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu bran\u00e9ho z rozd\u011blova\u010de zapalov\u00e1n\u00ed. U nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edho se syst\u00e9mem SDI (Saab Direct Ignition, tedy elektronick\u00e9 zapalov\u00e1n\u00ed bez rozd\u011blova\u010de \u2013 dal\u0161\u00ed inovace \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 zna\u010dky) z v\u011bnce na klikov\u00e9 h\u0159\u00eddeli.<\/p>\n Z \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotky APC byl veden elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l do solenoidov\u00e9ho taktovac\u00edho ventilu, pracuj\u00edc\u00edho s rozd\u00edlem tlak\u016f p\u0159ed a za dmychadlem, jen\u017e\u00a0pneumaticky ovl\u00e1dal obtokovou klapku turb\u00edny, tedy wastegate. B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 tehdy nab\u00edzen\u00e9 p\u0159epl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed turbodmychadlem pracovalo pouze s \u010didlem plnic\u00edho tlaku a nebralo tedy v potaz \u00fadaje z \u010didla klep\u00e1n\u00ed motoru.<\/p>\n Uveden\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed dovolilo u modelu 900 Turbo zv\u00fd\u0161it statick\u00fd kompresn\u00ed pom\u011br z p\u016fvodn\u00edch 7,2:1 na 8,5:1 p\u0159i dvoulitrov\u00e9m objemu motoru a z\u00e1rove\u0148 obdobn\u00e9m nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdkonu. To p\u0159isp\u011blo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed spot\u0159eby paliva zejm\u00e9na v re\u017eimu \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 to tak\u00e9 zlep\u0161ilo odezvu na p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed plynu.<\/p>\n \n\t\t\t\tZ tov\u00e1rny odj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00ed posledn\u00ed vozy zna\u010dky Saab \u2022 Klaravik\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n Zdroj: \u010dasopis Sv\u011bt motor\u016f, ro\u010dn\u00edk 1984, Jalopnik, prospekty na Saab 900 Turbo<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Prvn\u00ed turbodmychadlem p\u0159epl\u0148ovan\u00fd automobilov\u00fd motor se objevil v 60. letech v z\u00e1mo\u0159\u00ed. O dek\u00e1du pozd\u011bji se turbo postupn\u011b…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":92025,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[12],"tags":[67,68,441,28073,768,16960,78,28074,424],"class_list":["post-92024","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-byznys","tag-business","tag-byznys","tag-historie","tag-preplnovany-motor","tag-redakcni-video","tag-saab","tag-technika","tag-turbodmychadlo","tag-video"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116608712728617316","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92024","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=92024"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92024\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/92025"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=92024"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=92024"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=92024"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"Ojet\u00fd](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1779307627_407_9607602.jpg\" "\\"Ojet\u00fd")
<\/a>Ojet\u00fd Saab 900 (NG) a 9-3 (OG): Uk\u0159ivd\u011bny\u0301 sob<\/a><\/p>\n![\"Jak](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/9543131.jpg\" "\\"Jak")
<\/a>Jak Gabriel Voisin zm\u011bnil tv\u00e1\u0159 evropsk\u00e9ho automobilismu? Inspiroval Citro\u00ebn i Saab <\/a><\/p>\n![\"Video](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1779307629_483_retina.jpg\")
<\/p>\n