Nejednotn\u00e1 Evropa se sna\u017e\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eit svou fat\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1vislost na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch kritick\u00fdch miner\u00e1lech, bez nich\u017e se neobejde \u0159ada pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed od automobilek a\u017e po v\u00fdrobu zbran\u00ed. Star\u00fd kontinent tak op\u011bt kon\u010d\u00ed v n\u00e1ru\u010di Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, a to v situaci, kdy se z n\u00ed kv\u016fli zhor\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm se vztah\u016fm s Trumpovou administrativou sna\u017e\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161 vymanit.<\/p>\n
Podle nejmenovan\u00fdch zdroj\u016f\u00a0agentury<\/a>\u00a0Bloomberg\u00a0Evropsk\u00e1 komise v\u00e1\u017en\u011b uva\u017euje o \u00fa\u010dasti na americk\u00e9 iniciativ\u011b Pax Silica, je\u017e m\u00e1 partner\u016fm pomoci sn\u00ed\u017eit z\u00e1vislost na \u010c\u00edn\u011b nejen v oblasti polovodi\u010d\u016f nebo AI infrastruktury, ale tak\u00e9 vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin. Brusel a Washington by tak nav\u00e1zaly na memorandum o strategick\u00e9m partnerstv\u00ed v oblasti kritick\u00fdch miner\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 ob\u011b strany\u00a0podepsaly<\/a>\u00a0na konci dubna. V Evrop\u011b u\u017e se k Pax Silica mezit\u00edm samostatn\u011b p\u0159idaly n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 zem\u011b jako Finsko nebo \u0160v\u00e9dsko.<\/p>\n Bez prvk\u016f jako antimon, gallium \u010di germanium toti\u017e nelze vyr\u00e1b\u011bt elektrick\u00e9 i klasick\u00e9 automobily nebo elektroniku, ale tak\u00e9 zbran\u011b jako \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 st\u0159ely, drony \u010di obrn\u011bn\u00e1 vozidla, je\u017e chce Evropa kv\u016fli nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00edmu bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edmu nap\u011bt\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u011bt ve velk\u00e9m. Brusel toho v\u0161ak s\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nezm\u016f\u017ee, proto\u017ee \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty po\u0159\u00e1d nejsou schopny se dohodnout a financovat spole\u010dn\u00e9 projekty.<\/p>\n \u010c\u00edna, kter\u00e1 t\u011b\u017e\u00ed 70 procent sv\u011btov\u00fdch vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 90 procent jich zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1, vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sv\u016fj monopol jako velmi mocnou politickou a ekonomickou zbra\u0148.\u00a0Kv\u016fli t\u00e9to z\u00e1vislosti nen\u00ed Z\u00e1pad dlouhodob\u011b schopen zbrzdit snahy Pekingu st\u00e1t se hlavn\u00ed sv\u011btovou velmoc\u00ed. Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161oky jako pandemie covidu nebo pr\u00e1v\u011b prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00e1lka USA a Izraele s \u00cdr\u00e1nem naplno odhalily zranitelnost dodavatelsk\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f, na nich\u017e je z\u00e1visl\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 ekonomika a prosperita bohat\u00fdch z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n Jedn\u00edm ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f unijn\u00ed strategie na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed sv\u00e9 surovinov\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti na \u010c\u00edn\u011b je krom\u011b nov\u00fdch bilater\u00e1ln\u00edch partnerstv\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm\u00a0na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0o kritick\u00fdch miner\u00e1lech (CRMA), p\u0159ijat\u00e9 v roce 2024, podle n\u011bho\u017e se m\u00e1 do roku 2030 v EU t\u011b\u017eit aspo\u0148 deset procent, zpracov\u00e1vat minim\u00e1ln\u011b 40 procent a recyklovat nejm\u00e9n\u011b 25 procent kritick\u00fdch zemin. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 nebudou moci dovozy od jednoho dodavatele p\u0159es\u00e1hnout 65 procent. Tyto ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed c\u00edle ov\u0161em zat\u00edm nar\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed na tvrdou realitu: podle\u00a0studie<\/a>\u00a0univerzity ve finsk\u00e9 Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 zat\u00edm Unie recykluje pouh\u00e9 jedno procento kritick\u00fdch miner\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n D\u016fvodem je politick\u00e1 bezzubost EU. Koordina\u010dn\u00edmu t\u011blesu pro oblast kritick\u00fdch miner\u00e1l\u016f European Critical Raw Materials Board chyb\u011bj\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pravomoci a projekty brzd\u00ed i velmi dlouh\u00e9 povolovac\u00ed procesy.\u00a0<\/p>\n \u201e\u010clensk\u00e9 zem\u011b se st\u00e1le zdr\u00e1haj\u00ed p\u0159isp\u00edvat na t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed a zpracovatelsk\u00e9 projekty mimo sv\u00e9 hranice, i kdy\u017e si to geoekonomick\u00e1 realita \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1,\u201c\u00a0\u0159ekla<\/a>\u00a0Bloombergu\u00a0Sabrina Schulzov\u00e1, \u0159editelka pro N\u011bmecko v Evropsk\u00e9 iniciativ\u011b pro energetickou bezpe\u010dnost. \u201eFinancov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou.\u201c\u00a0<\/p>\n Mezi v\u00e1haj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dleny pat\u0159\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sky zkou\u0161en\u00e9 N\u011bmecko, jeho\u017e pr\u016fmysl je s \u010c\u00ednou velmi prov\u00e1zan\u00fd. Pro spoustu nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch podnik\u016f \u2013 zejm\u00e9na automobilek \u2013 z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 asijsk\u00e1 velmoc\u00a0nepostradateln\u00fdm trhem<\/a>. A\u010dkoli kancl\u00e9\u0159 Friedrich Merz sliboval ve vztaz\u00edch s Pekingem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed opatrnost, kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 n\u011bmeck\u00e1 ministerstva dosud nebyla schopna se dohodnout ani na tom, jak by m\u011bla strategie sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rizik v oblasti kritick\u00fdch surovin vypadat.<\/p>\n V\u00fdmluvn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem evropsk\u00e9 neschopnosti jednat je d\u016fl ve slovensk\u00e9 Troj\u00e1rov\u00e9, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed jedno z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch nalezi\u0161\u0165 vojensky vyu\u017eiteln\u00e9ho antimonu. Podle\u00a0Bloombergu\u00a0by slovensk\u00e9 z\u00e1soby t\u00e9to suroviny dok\u00e1zaly pokr\u00fdt a\u017e t\u0159etinu ro\u010dn\u00ed\u00a0spot\u0159eby<\/a>\u00a0Evropy (z celkov\u00fdch zhruba \u0161esti tis\u00edc tun). Kanadsk\u00e9mu majiteli Military Metals ale chyb\u011bj\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky na restart t\u011b\u017eby a bez unijn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed injekce\u00a0podle<\/a>\u00a0Bloombergu\u00a0hroz\u00ed, \u017ee lo\u017eisko odkoup\u00ed konkurence \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad ta americk\u00e1.\u00a0<\/p>\n V \u010cesku a Portugalsku zase politick\u00e9 tahanice\u00a0brzd\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0zah\u00e1jen\u00ed t\u011b\u017eby strategicky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9ho lithia, zat\u00edmco d\u016fln\u00ed\u00a0projekt<\/a>\u00a0ve \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 Kirun\u011b, kde se\u00a0nach\u00e1zej\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0lo\u017eiska v\u0161ech 17 vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin, byl pozastaven kv\u016fli obav\u00e1m, \u017ee by mohl naru\u0161it pr\u00e1va p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel z kmene S\u00e1m\u016f.\u00a0<\/p>\n Bez USA to nep\u016fjde<\/p>\n Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty se ke sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9 surovinov\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti na Pekingu stav\u011bj\u00ed mnohem aktivn\u011bji. Washington p\u0159i\u0161el s pl\u00e1nem na vlastn\u00ed strategick\u00e9\u00a0rezervy<\/a>\u00a0vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch miner\u00e1l\u016f pod n\u00e1zvem\u00a0Project Vault<\/a>, na n\u011bj\u017e vy\u010dlenil 12 miliard dolar\u016f (251 miliard korun) z ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch i soukrom\u00fdch zdroj\u016f.\u00a0<\/p>\n Pentagon rovn\u011b\u017e\u00a0vstupuje<\/a>\u00a0do t\u011b\u017ea\u0159sk\u00fdch firem a investuje do budov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fln\u00edch a zpracovatelsk\u00fdch kapacit, jako to u\u010dinil v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b spole\u010dnosti MP Materials, nebo p\u0159\u00edmo\u00a0uzav\u00edr\u00e1<\/a>\u00a0velk\u00e9 smlouvy o dod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b australsk\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti Lynas Rare Earths. Krom\u011b toho Trumpova administrativa\u00a0prosazuje<\/a>\u00a0garantovan\u00e9 minim\u00e1ln\u00ed ceny (tzv. price floors) kritick\u00fdch miner\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed t\u011b\u017ea\u0159e chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed levnou a st\u00e1tem dotovanou \u010d\u00ednskou konkurenc\u00ed.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n EU te\u010f podle\u00a0Bloombergu<\/a>\u00a0douf\u00e1, \u017ee spolupr\u00e1ce sedmadvac\u00edtky na americk\u00fdch projektech jako Pax Silica pom\u016f\u017ee zm\u00edrnit jej\u00ed rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bnost. Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fdch z\u00e1padn\u00edch dodavatelsk\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f mohlo usnadnit i obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s t\u011bmito komoditami a spolupr\u00e1ce s USA by mohla\u00a0zajistit<\/a>\u00a0p\u0159\u00edsun pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu, v\u010detn\u011b spole\u010dn\u00fdch investic do v\u00fdzkumu. T\u00edm by v\u0161ak Evropa je\u0161t\u011b pos\u00edlila svou prov\u00e1zanost s USA, ji\u017e se v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b naopak sna\u017e\u00ed omezovat.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n Z\u00e1pad zaspal<\/p>\n Z\u00e1pad sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem Pekingu k jeho dominanci v oblasti vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin pomohl. Evropa i USA se dlouho zdr\u00e1haly investovat do kapacit pro t\u011b\u017ebu \u010di zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto miner\u00e1l\u016f\u00a0kv\u016fli obav\u00e1m<\/a>\u00a0z nedostate\u010dn\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9ho v\u00fdnosu, pomal\u00fdch povolovac\u00edch proces\u016f nebo mo\u017en\u00fdch z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch ekologick\u00fdch \u0161kod. \u010c\u00edna naopak budovala vlastn\u00ed kapacity pro t\u011b\u017ebu a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin u\u017e od\u00a0osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let<\/a>\u00a0minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n Pekingu hr\u00e1la do karet rovn\u011b\u017e siln\u00e1 dom\u00e1c\u00ed popt\u00e1vka po vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin\u00e1ch kv\u016fli rychle rostouc\u00edm pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdm odv\u011btv\u00edm, jako je elektromobilita, polovodi\u010de \u010di obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje.\u00a0<\/p>\n Z\u00e1vislosti Z\u00e1padu vyu\u017eil Peking p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v minul\u00e9m roce pot\u00e9, co Trump na zbytek sv\u011bta uvalil cla. \u010c\u00edna tehdy zak\u00e1zala v\u00fdvoz vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin, co\u017e v Evrop\u011b vyd\u011bsilo\u00a0zejm\u00e9na<\/a>\u00a0z\u00e1stupce automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu, kte\u0159\u00ed se ob\u00e1vali, \u017ee budou muset \u00fapln\u011b zastavit v\u00fdrobu.\u00a0<\/p>\n Trump si od ned\u00e1vn\u00e9ho summitu s \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm v\u016fdcem Si \u0164in-Pchingem sliboval zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed restrikc\u00ed na dovoz vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin, na nich\u017e z\u00e1vis\u00ed mnoho\u00a0odv\u011btv\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0americk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu od zbrojovek po producenty elektroniky (celkem\u00a0odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch<\/a>\u00a0\u010dty\u0159em procent\u016fm tamn\u00edho HDP). \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky v\u0161ak zat\u00edm\u00a0jedn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0nep\u0159inesla.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Nejednotn\u00e1 Evropa se sna\u017e\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eit svou fat\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1vislost na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch kritick\u00fdch miner\u00e1lech, bez nich\u017e se neobejde \u0159ada pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":92233,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[3],"tags":[625,202,109,108,106,28096,2140,476,3199,113,4078,25824],"class_list":["post-92232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-evropa","tag-bloomberg","tag-cina","tag-europa","tag-europe","tag-evropa","tag-mineral","tag-peking","tag-projekt","tag-tezba","tag-usa","tag-zavislost","tag-zemina"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116610658843149681","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92232","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=92232"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92232\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/92233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=92232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=92232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=92232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}