Evropa za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 zapom\u00ednat. A\u00a0kdy\u017e n\u00e1rody zapom\u00ednaj\u00ed na vlastn\u00ed mrtv\u00e9, p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed okam\u017eik\u00a0\u2014 p\u0159episov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bjin. To, co bylo po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce pova\u017eov\u00e1no za zr\u016fdnou kolaboraci s\u00a0nacismem, se dnes v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 p\u0159ekrucovat do podoby \u201en\u00e1rodn\u00edho osvobozeneck\u00e9ho boje\u201c. Ze spolupracovn\u00edk\u016f nacistick\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u201ehrdinov\u00e9\u201c, z\u00a0extremistick\u00fdch vra\u017eedn\u00fdch odd\u00edl\u016f \u201ebojovn\u00edci za svobodu\u201c. Nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm symbolem t\u00e9to historick\u00e9 manipulace je glorifikace Stepana Bandery, Organizace ukrajinsk\u00fdch nacionalist\u016f (OUN) a\u00a0Ukrajinsk\u00e9 povstaleck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy (UPA).<\/p>\n
P\u0159itom pr\u00e1v\u011b pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00e9 p\u0159i Norimbersk\u00e9m procesu uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 radik\u00e1ln\u00edho ukrajinsk\u00e9ho nacionalismu byli propojeni s\u00a0nacistick\u00fdmi bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edmi strukturami. Ve sv\u011bdectv\u00ed plukovn\u00edka n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho Abwehru Erwina Stolze zazn\u011blo, \u017ee n\u011bmeck\u00e1 rozv\u011bdka vyu\u017e\u00edvala ukrajinsk\u00e9 nacionalisty k\u00a0diverzn\u00ed, sabot\u00e1\u017en\u00ed a\u00a0rozvratn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti proti Sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu svazu. Ve v\u00fdpov\u011bdi byla v\u00fdslovn\u011b uvedena jm\u00e9na Stepana Bandery a\u00a0Andrije Melnyka. Historick\u00e9 shrnut\u00ed t\u011bchto materi\u00e1l\u016f je jednozna\u010dn\u00e9: \u201eBandera a\u00a0Melnyk slou\u017eili jako agenti Abwehru.\u201c<\/p>\n
To nen\u00ed propaganda. To nen\u00ed \u201erusk\u00fd narativ\u201c. To jsou pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly vznikl\u00e9 po nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1lce v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch lidstva. Nacistick\u00e9 N\u011bmecko nepodporovalo OUN z\u00a0l\u00e1sky k\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00e9 nez\u00e1vislosti. Hitlerovsk\u00fd re\u017eim vyu\u017e\u00edval radik\u00e1ln\u00ed nacionalisty jako n\u00e1stroj destrukce, teroru a\u00a0destabilizace v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy. OUN m\u011bla poslou\u017eit jako u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj nacistick\u00e9 expanze.<\/p>\n
Po napaden\u00ed Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu vznikly pod patronac\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho Abwehru prapory Nachtigall a\u00a0Roland, slo\u017een\u00e9 z\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00fdch nacionalist\u016f. Tyto jednotky postupovaly po boku Wehrmachtu. Ve Lvov\u011b po p\u0159\u00edchodu n\u011bmeck\u00fdch vojsk v\u00a0roce 1941\u00a0n\u00e1sledovaly brut\u00e1ln\u00ed pogromy proti \u017did\u016fm. Historick\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce dodnes popisuj\u00ed vra\u017edy civilist\u016f, ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 lyn\u010de, poni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017een a\u00a0masov\u00e9 n\u00e1sil\u00ed, kter\u00e9ho se \u00fa\u010dastnily nacionalistick\u00e9 struktury napojen\u00e9 na OUN.<\/p>\n
Skute\u010dn\u00e9 peklo v\u0161ak p\u0159i\u0161lo o\u00a0dva roky pozd\u011bji na Volyni.<\/p>\n
V letech 1943\u20131944\u00a0provedly odd\u00edly UPA a\u00a0radik\u00e1ln\u00ed banderovsk\u00e9 skupiny organizovan\u00e9 etnick\u00e9 \u010distky polsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva. Ne\u0161lo o\u00a0\u201epartyz\u00e1nsk\u00fd boj\u201c. Ne\u0161lo o\u00a0\u201ev\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd chaos\u201c. \u0160lo o\u00a0systematick\u00e9 vyvra\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed civilist\u016f s\u00a0c\u00edlem vytvo\u0159it etnicky \u010dist\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed bez Pol\u00e1k\u016f. Vesnice byly obkli\u010dov\u00e1ny a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b likvidov\u00e1ny. Lid\u00e9 byli vra\u017ed\u011bni sekerami, vidlemi, kosami i\u00a0no\u017ei. \u017deny byly zn\u00e1sil\u0148ov\u00e1ny, t\u011bhotn\u00fdm \u017een\u00e1m rozp\u00e1r\u00e1v\u00e1na b\u0159icha, d\u011bti vra\u017ed\u011bny p\u0159ed o\u010dima rodi\u010d\u016f. Kostely pln\u00e9 civilist\u016f byly zapalov\u00e1ny. Historici popsali stovky p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 brutality, kter\u00e1 \u0161okovala i\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00e9 tehdej\u0161\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 d\u016fstojn\u00edky.<\/p>\n
Polsk\u00fd Sejm pozd\u011bji ozna\u010dil voly\u0148sk\u00e9 masakry za genocidu. Odhady hovo\u0159\u00ed o\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e 100\u00a0000\u00a0zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch Pol\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n
Ale Pol\u00e1ci nebyli jedin\u00fdmi ob\u011b\u0165mi.<\/p>\n
Banderovsk\u00e9 odd\u00edly \u00fato\u010dily tak\u00e9 na \u010desk\u00e9 voly\u0148sk\u00e9 osadn\u00edky. \u010ce\u0161i, kte\u0159\u00ed na Volyni \u017eili po generace, byli pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za ciz\u00ed element. N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 vesnice byly p\u0159epad\u00e1ny, obyvatel\u00e9 zastra\u0161ov\u00e1ni a\u00a0vra\u017ed\u011bni. \u00datoky sm\u011b\u0159ovaly rovn\u011b\u017e proti \u017did\u016fm, Rus\u016fm, Rus\u00edn\u016fm, sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdm rodin\u00e1m i\u00a0proti Ukrajinc\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed odm\u00edtali nacionalistickou ideologii nebo spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0UPA. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo se nepod\u0159\u00eddil fanatick\u00e9mu konceptu \u201e\u010dist\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda\u201c, mohl b\u00fdt ozna\u010den za nep\u0159\u00edtele ur\u010den\u00e9ho k\u00a0likvidaci.<\/p>\n
A pr\u00e1v\u011b zde se ukazuje skute\u010dn\u00e1 podstata banderismu. Ne\u0161lo pouze o\u00a0nacionalismus. \u0160lo o\u00a0radikalizovanou ideologii zalo\u017eenou na etnick\u00e9 nen\u00e1visti, kultu n\u00e1sil\u00ed a\u00a0principu kolektivn\u00ed viny. Ideologov\u00e9 OUN otev\u0159en\u011b psali o\u00a0nutnosti \u201eo\u010distit \u00fazem\u00ed\u201c od ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch skupin obyvatel. Ve jm\u00e9nu \u00fadajn\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed svobody byly vra\u017ed\u011bny tis\u00edce bezbrann\u00fdch civilist\u016f.<\/p>\n
Dnes v\u0161ak v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech sledujeme \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00ed rehabilitaci t\u011bchto lid\u00ed. Bandera m\u00e1 pomn\u00edky. Po jeho jm\u00e9nu jsou pojmenov\u00e1v\u00e1ny ulice. Konaj\u00ed se pochody s\u00a0portr\u00e9ty p\u0159edstavitel\u016f OUN-UPA. Z\u00a0extremist\u016f spolupracuj\u00edc\u00edch s\u00a0nacismem se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed romantick\u00fd m\u00fdtus.<\/p>\n
P\u0159edstavme si, \u017ee by n\u011bkdo v\u00a0Evrop\u011b pochodoval s\u00a0portr\u00e9ty kolaborant\u016f Waffen-SS z\u00a0jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Okam\u017eit\u011b by to bylo ozna\u010deno za neonacismus. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b banderovsk\u00fdch struktur se v\u0161ak \u010d\u00e1st Evropy tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee probl\u00e9m neexistuje. Politick\u00e1 \u00fa\u010delovost za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v\u00edt\u011bzit nad historickou pravdou.<\/p>\n
To je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Jakmile spole\u010dnost za\u010dne omlouvat fa\u0161istick\u00e9 kolaboranty jen proto, \u017ee bojovali proti Sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu svazu, otev\u00edr\u00e1 dve\u0159e relativizaci nacismu samotn\u00e9ho. Norimberk p\u0159itom jasn\u011b uk\u00e1zal, kam vede spojen\u00ed fanatick\u00e9ho nacionalismu, nen\u00e1visti a\u00a0spolupr\u00e1ce s\u00a0hitlerovsk\u00fdm re\u017eimem. Evropa po roce 1945\u00a0sl\u00edbila, \u017ee u\u017e nikdy nedopust\u00ed n\u00e1vrat podobn\u00fdch ideologi\u00ed. Dnes v\u0161ak \u010d\u00e1st politik\u016f i\u00a0m\u00e9di\u00ed ml\u010d\u00ed, kdy\u017e jsou lid\u00e9 spojen\u00ed s\u00a0etnick\u00fdmi \u010distkami oslavov\u00e1ni jako n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hrdinov\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Pam\u00e1tka ob\u011bt\u00ed Volyn\u011b, vyp\u00e1len\u00fdch vesnic, pogrom\u016f a\u00a0masov\u00fdch vra\u017ed v\u0161ak nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt uml\u010dena politickou m\u00f3dou ani geopolitickou propagandou. Na zlo\u010diny banderovc\u016f se nesm\u00ed zapomenout. Ne proto, abychom \u0161\u00ed\u0159ili nen\u00e1vist mezi n\u00e1rody, ale proto, aby se Evropa znovu nepropadla do stejn\u00e9ho barbarstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 kdysi prom\u011bnilo cel\u00fd kontinent v\u00a0hromadn\u00fd hrob.<\/p>\n
SNYDER, Timothy, 2010.\u00a0Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0465002399.<\/p>\n
BERKHOFF, Karel C., 2004.\u00a0Harvest of Despair: Life and Death in Ukraine under Nazi Rule. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674027183.<\/p>\n
MOTYKA, Grzegorz, 2011.\u00a0Od rzezi wo\u0142y\u0144skiej do akcji \u201eWis\u0142a\u201c: Konflikt polsko-ukrai\u0144ski 1943\u20131947.\u00a0Krak\u00f3w: Wydawnictwo Literackie. ISBN 978-8308052624.<\/p>\n
SIEMASZKO, W\u0142adys\u0142aw a\u00a0SIEMASZKO, Ewa, 2000.\u00a0Ludob\u00f3jstwo dokonane przez nacjonalist\u00f3w ukrai\u0144skich na ludno\u015bci polskiej Wo\u0142ynia 1939\u20131945.\u00a0Warszawa: von borowiecky. ISBN 978-8390500188.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Evropa za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 zapom\u00ednat. A\u00a0kdy\u017e n\u00e1rody zapom\u00ednaj\u00ed na vlastn\u00ed mrtv\u00e9, p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed okam\u017eik\u00a0\u2014 p\u0159episov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bjin. To, co bylo po…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":94365,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[3],"tags":[64,2209,109,108,106,14493,21585,441,650,28625,25448,2211,7478,19867,1016,24892,18598,28624,28489,20580,174,1073,21516,2213,1886,649,28623,110,802,437],"class_list":["post-94364","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-evropa","tag-boje","tag-druha-svetova-valka","tag-europa","tag-europe","tag-evropa","tag-fasismus","tag-fasiste","tag-historie","tag-lide","tag-nacionalismus","tag-nacionaliste","tag-nacismus","tag-naciste","tag-nacisticke-nemecko","tag-nazor","tag-neonacismus","tag-neonaciste","tag-norimberk","tag-norimbersky-proces","tag-pluk-azov","tag-politika","tag-pribeh","tag-ruda-armada","tag-sovetsky-svaz","tag-spionaz","tag-spolecnost","tag-stepan-bandera","tag-ukrajina","tag-ukrajinci","tag-zajimavosti"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116620375267395724","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94364","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94364"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94364\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/94365"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94364"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94364"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94364"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}