{"id":95657,"date":"2026-05-24T12:25:08","date_gmt":"2026-05-24T12:25:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/95657\/"},"modified":"2026-05-24T12:25:08","modified_gmt":"2026-05-24T12:25:08","slug":"nemci-oprasili-200-let-znamy-princip-auto-s-novym-motorem-vypousti-jen-paru-a-dusik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/95657\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u011bmci opr\u00e1\u0161ili 200 let zn\u00e1m\u00fd princip. Auto s nov\u00fdm motorem vypou\u0161t\u00ed jen p\u00e1ru a dus\u00edk"},"content":{"rendered":"

Spalovac\u00ed motor, kter\u00fd p\u0159i provozu nevypou\u0161t\u00ed oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd, zn\u00ed na prvn\u00ed pohled jako technick\u00e1 fantazie. V N\u011bmecku ale vznikl funk\u010dn\u00ed prototyp, kter\u00fd ukazuje, \u017ee podobn\u00fd koncept nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt jen teoretickou \u00favahou. A nejde p\u0159itom o \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd mal\u00fd laboratorn\u00ed agreg\u00e1t, ale o poctiv\u00fd osmiv\u00e1lec s objemem 6,6 litru.<\/p>\n

Za projektem stoj\u00ed odborn\u00edci z Fraunhoferova institutu pro mikrotechnologie a mikrosyst\u00e9my IMM v n\u011bmeck\u00e9 Mohu\u010di. Ve spolupr\u00e1ci s americkou spole\u010dnost\u00ed First Ammonia Motors z americk\u00e9 Severn\u00ed Karol\u00edny upravili motor tak, aby m\u00edsto klasick\u00e9ho fosiln\u00edho paliva spaloval \u010dpavek, tedy amoniak. Ten je slou\u010deninou vod\u00edku a dus\u00edku a p\u0159i samotn\u00e9m spalov\u00e1n\u00ed nevznik\u00e1 oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Americk\u00e1 firma chce technologii dostat na trh jako alternativn\u00ed pohon pro automobily. Nejde p\u0159itom o \u00fapln\u011b nov\u00fd n\u00e1pad. Vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u010dpavku jako paliva m\u00e1 dlouhou historii a princip motor\u016f spaluj\u00edc\u00edch amoniak je zn\u00e1m\u00fd u\u017e od 19. stolet\u00ed. B\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky se \u010dpavek pou\u017e\u00edval nap\u0159\u00edklad k pohonu autobus\u016f v Belgii.<\/p>\n

\"Konec<\/a>Konec automobilov\u00e9ho supermarketu. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed autobazar sv\u011bta doplatil na online trh i cenu p\u016fdy<\/a><\/p>\n

Amoniak se v minulosti uplatnil i v letectv\u00ed. Slou\u017eil mimo jin\u00e9 jako palivo pro raketov\u00e9 motory experiment\u00e1ln\u00edho stroje North American X-15, kter\u00fd v \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech dosahoval rychlost\u00ed p\u0159es Mach 6. \u010cpavek m\u00e1 proti b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm paliv\u016fm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdh\u0159evnost, jeho v\u00fdhodou ale je, \u017ee p\u0159i spalov\u00e1n\u00ed nevznikaj\u00ed saze. Motor se tak nezan\u00e1\u0161\u00ed podobn\u011b jako p\u0159i spalov\u00e1n\u00ed nafty nebo benzinu.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho vyu\u017eit\u00ed amoniaku dlouho z\u016fst\u00e1vala jeho v\u00fdroba. \u010cpavek se sice v mal\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed vyskytuje i v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b, pro pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed se ale vyr\u00e1b\u00ed synt\u00e9zou vod\u00edku a dus\u00edku, nej\u010dast\u011bji Haberov\u00fdm\u2013Boschov\u00fdm procesem. Ten je energeticky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd a dnes se st\u00e1le ve velk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e op\u00edr\u00e1 o fosiln\u00ed zdroje. Do budoucna se ale po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s t\u00edm, \u017ee by energii pro v\u00fdrobu amoniaku mohly dod\u00e1vat obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje. Vod\u00edk by pak vznikal elektrol\u00fdzou poh\u00e1n\u011bnou elekt\u0159inou ze sol\u00e1rn\u00edch a v\u011btrn\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren, podobn\u011b jako u syntetick\u00fdch paliv.<\/p>\n

Samotn\u00fd \u010dpavek m\u00e1 v\u0161ak i nev\u00fdhody. Je toxick\u00fd, bezbarv\u00fd a leh\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e vzduch. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s naftou m\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b polovi\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdh\u0159evnost a v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teplotu samovzn\u00edcen\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se v d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pokusech \u010dasto muselo ke \u010dpavku p\u0159id\u00e1vat je\u0161t\u011b jin\u00e9 palivo, nap\u0159\u00edklad nafta nebo metanol, aby motor spolehliv\u011b fungoval.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd agreg\u00e1t vyvinut\u00fd podle zad\u00e1n\u00ed First Ammonia Motors tento probl\u00e9m obch\u00e1z\u00ed pomoc\u00ed procesu zvan\u00e9ho krakov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u010c\u00e1st amoniaku se p\u0159i n\u011bm rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed molekuly a vznikl\u00fd vod\u00edk se n\u00e1sledn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako p\u0159\u00edm\u011bs p\u0159i spalov\u00e1n\u00ed. Energii pot\u0159ebnou pro \u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed amoniaku dod\u00e1v\u00e1 odpadn\u00ed teplo motoru. P\u0159ed dosa\u017een\u00edm provozn\u00ed teploty je ale pot\u0159eba syst\u00e9m zah\u0159\u00e1t elekt\u0159inou.<\/p>\n

Podle Fraunhoferova institutu vy\u017eadovala p\u0159estavba zku\u0161ebn\u00edho osmiv\u00e1lce jen omezen\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bny se t\u00fdkaly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm syst\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edpravy palivov\u00e9 sm\u011bsi. V\u00fdsledkem m\u00e1 b\u00fdt motor, z jeho\u017e v\u00fdfuku odch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ra a dus\u00edk, nikoli oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Prototyp u\u017e se testuje v upraven\u00e9m star\u0161\u00edm pick-upu Chevrolet \u0159ady C, kter\u00fd p\u0159edch\u00e1zel dne\u0161n\u00edmu modelu Silverado. First Ammonia Motors tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee tankov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dpavku by m\u011blo zabrat podobn\u011b dlouhou dobu jako b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dopln\u011bn\u00ed benzinu. Firma z\u00e1rove\u0148 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee se cena amoniaku m\u016f\u017ee v dohledn\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit cen\u00e1m klasick\u00fdch paliv.<\/p>\n

\"Ferrari<\/a>Ferrari s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed slevou. Podnikatel\u00e9 op\u011bt v\u00fdrazn\u011b u\u0161et\u0159\u00ed na n\u00e1kupu pr\u00e9miov\u00fdch aut<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Spalovac\u00ed motor, kter\u00fd p\u0159i provozu nevypou\u0161t\u00ed oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd, zn\u00ed na prvn\u00ed pohled jako technick\u00e1 fantazie. V N\u011bmecku ale…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":95658,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[11],"tags":[26620,28763,11139,1731,375,28855,8160,28856,54,2132,53,52],"class_list":["post-95657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-amoniak","tag-dusik","tag-motorova-nafta","tag-nemci","tag-nemecko","tag-oxid-uhlicity","tag-palivo","tag-spalovani","tag-svet","tag-vyroba","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116629545110364632","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95657","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=95657"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95657\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/95658"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=95657"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=95657"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=95657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}