{"id":9889,"date":"2026-02-28T06:59:12","date_gmt":"2026-02-28T06:59:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/9889\/"},"modified":"2026-02-28T06:59:12","modified_gmt":"2026-02-28T06:59:12","slug":"elektricky-vyboj-na-marsu-pripomina-pozemske-blesky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/9889\/","title":{"rendered":"Elektrick\u00fd v\u00fdboj na Marsu p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 pozemsk\u00e9 blesky"},"content":{"rendered":"

Planeta Mars nem\u00e1 na rozd\u00edl od Zem\u011b glob\u00e1ln\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 pole, ale pouze to m\u00edstn\u00ed, vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00e9 zmagnetizovan\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem v\u00a0k\u016f\u0159e planety. Jej\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ra je \u0159\u00eddk\u00e1 a\u00a0blesky zde nevznikaj\u00ed ve vodn\u00edch oblac\u00edch, ale v\u00a0prachov\u00fdch bou\u0159\u00edch a\u00a0prachov\u00fdch rar\u00e1\u0161c\u00edch. Sonda zachytila sign\u00e1l z\u00a0bleskov\u00e9ho v\u00fdboje v\u00a0obdob\u00ed okolo 21.\u00a0\u010dervna 2015. <\/p>\n

\u201eProch\u00e1zel jsem data od po\u010d\u00e1tku mise a\u00a0po automatick\u00e9m odfiltrov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1znam\u016f zm\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch sondou mimo oblasti siln\u00fdch magnetick\u00fdch pol\u00ed \u010di na p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch jsem v\u00a0tis\u00edc\u00edch mo\u017en\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f na\u0161el pouze jedin\u00fd elektromagnetick\u00fd sign\u00e1l blesku, takzvan\u00fd hvizd,\u201c popsal sv\u016fj objev z\u00a0prosince 2024\u00a0Franti\u0161ek N\u011bmec z\u00a0MFF UK.<\/p>\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 skupina v\u011bdc\u016f pak za\u010dala pracovat na pe\u010dliv\u00e9m ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, zda skute\u010dn\u011b jde o\u00a0projev v\u00fdboje v\u00a0atmosf\u00e9\u0159e planety soused\u00edc\u00ed se Zem\u00ed. <\/p>\n

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\u201eNa z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159edchoz\u00edch v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f, laboratorn\u00edch pokus\u016f i\u00a0pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed blesk\u016f v\u00a0prachov\u00fdch vle\u010dk\u00e1ch pozemsk\u00fdch vulk\u00e1n\u016f jsme elektrick\u00e9 v\u00fdboje v\u00a0atmosf\u00e9\u0159e Marsu sice v\u0161ichni o\u010dek\u00e1vali, ale a\u017e do t\u00e9 chv\u00edle je nikdo nezaznamenal,\u201c doplnil Ond\u0159ej Santol\u00edk z\u00a0Akademie v\u011bd a\u00a0MFF UK. <\/p>\n

Pro potvrzen\u00ed teorie o\u00a0vzniku \u010cechy rozpoznan\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu provedla doktorandka Kate\u0159ina Rosick\u00e1 detailn\u00ed simulace pr\u016fchodu vlny ionosf\u00e9rou planety. \u201eVych\u00e1zela jsem z\u00a0metod pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch pro Zemi, kter\u00e9 jsem upravila na p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed ionosf\u00e9ry Marsu,\u201c vysv\u011btlila v\u011bdkyn\u011b. <\/p>\n

Aby zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 sonda mohla hvizd od blesku zachytit, muselo se sej\u00edt hned n\u011bkolik podm\u00ednek.<\/p>\n

\u201eZaprv\u00e9 v\u00fdboj vznikl v\u00a0m\u00edst\u011b se siln\u00fdm a\u00a0t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 vertik\u00e1ln\u00edm magnetick\u00fdm polem. Zadruh\u00e9 vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 elektromagnetick\u00e1 vlna pro\u0161la ionosf\u00e9rou bez \u00fapln\u00e9ho utlumen\u00ed. Zat\u0159et\u00ed sonda byla v\u00a0dan\u00fd \u010das ve spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce a\u00a0poloze. A\u00a0za\u010dtvrt\u00e9\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstroj pr\u00e1v\u011b pracoval v\u00a0re\u017eimu, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148oval pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed,\u201c sd\u011blila Ivana Kolma\u0161ov\u00e1 z\u00a0AV \u010cR a\u00a0MFF UK.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdrazn\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00fdboje, kter\u00e9 na povrchu odhalil rover<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem v\u00fdboje vznik\u00e1 velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00fd, siln\u00fd proud, kter\u00fd vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se magnetick\u00e9 a\u00a0elektrick\u00e9 pole, a\u00a0t\u00edm i\u00a0elektromagnetickou vlnu \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed se do v\u0161ech sm\u011br\u016f. Pokud bychom takov\u00fd zachycen\u00fd sign\u00e1l p\u0159evedli na zvuk, sly\u0161eli bychom nejprve vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed t\u00f3ny, postupn\u011b n\u00e1sledovan\u00e9 ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi.<\/p>\n

Zvuk bez obrazu zachycen\u00fd \u010desk\u00fdmi v\u011bdci na Marsu z\u00a0v\u00fdboje podobn\u00e9ho pozemsk\u00e9mu bleskuVideo: MFF UK, \u00daFA AV \u010cR<\/p>\n

Aby tento hvizd mohl b\u00fdt sondou na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze Marsu zachycen, musel b\u00fdt zdrojov\u00fd blesk v\u00fdrazn\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ob\u010dasn\u00e9 drobn\u00e9 v\u00fdboje zm\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 v\u00a0letech 2021\u00a0a\u017e 2024\u00a0voz\u00edtkem Perseverance p\u0159\u00edmo na povrchu Marsu. <\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu o\u00a0jejich akustick\u00fdch a\u00a0elektrick\u00fdch projevech podal mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed t\u00fdm autor\u016f nedlouho p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e \u010de\u0161t\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zve\u0159ejnili sv\u016fj objev detekce blesku z\u00a0ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy okolo Marsu. <\/p>\n

Hvizd je jev, kter\u00fd lid\u00e9 poprv\u00e9 usly\u0161eli po\u010d\u00e1tkem 20.\u00a0stolet\u00ed na telefonn\u00edch link\u00e1ch. Pozd\u011bji se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee jeho v\u00fdskyt je spojen s\u00a0blesky na opa\u010dn\u00e9 polokouli. Mechanismus vzniku hvizd\u016f a\u00a0vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, pro\u010d ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed frekvence doraz\u00ed pozd\u011bji, v\u0161ak popsal L. R. O. Storey a\u017e v\u00a0roce 1953. <\/p>\n

Sonda MAVEN zkoumala atmosf\u00e9ru Marsu a\u00a0jej\u00ed interakce se Sluncem od roku 2014\u00a0a\u017e do ztr\u00e1ty spojen\u00ed v\u00a0roce 2025. <\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Planeta Mars nem\u00e1 na rozd\u00edl od Zem\u011b glob\u00e1ln\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 pole, ale pouze to m\u00edstn\u00ed, vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00e9 zmagnetizovan\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem v\u00a0k\u016f\u0159e…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9890,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[6067,2727,3863,491,6069,6070,74,73,78,75,760,6071,77,76,6068],"class_list":{"0":"post-9889","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-veda-a-technika","8":"tag-akademie-ved-ceske-republiky-avcr","9":"tag-astronomie","10":"tag-blesk","11":"tag-energie","12":"tag-fyzika","13":"tag-mars-planeta","14":"tag-science","15":"tag-science-technology","16":"tag-technika","17":"tag-technology","18":"tag-univerzita-karlova-uk","19":"tag-ustav-fyziky-atmosfery-av-cr","20":"tag-veda","21":"tag-veda-a-technika","22":"tag-vedci"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9889","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9889"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9889\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9890"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9889"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9889"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9889"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}