{"id":99993,"date":"2026-05-28T13:38:15","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T13:38:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/99993\/"},"modified":"2026-05-28T13:38:15","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T13:38:15","slug":"nahodny-objev-ktery-meni-fyziku-vedci-objevili-klic-k-cestovani-nadsvetelnou-rychlosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/99993\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1hodn\u00fd objev, kter\u00fd m\u011bn\u00ed fyziku. V\u011bdci objevili kl\u00ed\u010d k\u00a0cestov\u00e1n\u00ed nadsv\u011btelnou rychlost\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti jsou pro lidsk\u00fd mozek t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neuchopiteln\u00e9. Pokud bychom se dnes rozhodli vyslat sondu k\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed hv\u011bzd\u011b, Proxim\u011b Centauri<\/a>, trvala by j\u00ed cesta s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm sou\u010dasn\u00fdch konven\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed des\u00edtky tis\u00edc let. Fyzika se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt ne\u00faprosn\u00e1: rychlost sv\u011btla je absolutn\u00edm rychlostn\u00edm limitem vesm\u00edru a\u00a0nic s\u00a0klidovou hmotnost\u00ed ji nem\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ekro\u010dit.<\/p>\n

Jen\u017ee co kdy\u017e se celou dobu d\u00edv\u00e1me na probl\u00e9m z\u00a0\u00fapln\u011b \u0161patn\u00e9ho \u00fahlu?<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed, jak postavit v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0rychlej\u0161\u00ed motory, mal\u00e1 skupina v\u011bdc\u016f narazila na n\u011bco, co ot\u0159\u00e1slo z\u00e1klady na\u0161eho ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed limit\u016f vesm\u00edru. Zcela n\u00e1hodn\u011b objevili zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 rychlostn\u00ed limit obej\u00edt. Ne t\u00edm, \u017ee bychom zrychlili vesm\u00edrnou lo\u010f, ale t\u00edm, \u017ee bychom ohnuli samotn\u00fd prostor kolem n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tento koncept, zn\u00e1m\u00fd ze sci-fi jako warpov\u00fd pohon, p\u0159estal b\u00fdt pouhou teori\u00ed. Data toti\u017e poprv\u00e9 v\u00a0historii uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b realizovateln\u00e1 warpov\u00e1 bublina je mo\u017en\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Fyzika, kter\u00e1 nem\u011bla existovat<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh tohoto revolu\u010dn\u00edho pr\u016flomu neza\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 u\u00a0snahy postavit nadsv\u011bteln\u00fd letoun. Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 u\u00a0velmi specifick\u00e9ho, a\u017e pedantsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu v\u00a0oblasti nanotechnologi\u00ed a\u00a0kvantov\u00e9 mechaniky.<\/p>\n

Co je kvantov\u00e9 vakuum? Jak\u00fdkoliv p\u0159edstaviteln\u00fd pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd prostor ve skute\u010dnosti nikdy nen\u00ed pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd. Podle kvantov\u00e9 mechaniky je vakuum neust\u00e1le va\u0159\u00edc\u00ed pol\u00e9vkou virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stic, kter\u00e9 neust\u00e1le vznikaj\u00ed a vz\u00e1p\u011bt\u00ed op\u011bt zanikaj\u00ed. Tento \u201ekyp\u00edc\u00ed\u201c oce\u00e1n energie je v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdm Dr. Whitea zkoumal fenom\u00e9n zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Casimir\u016fv jev<\/a>. Abychom si ho vysv\u011btlili, pou\u017eijme analogii. P\u0159edstavte si dv\u011b lod\u011b pluj\u00edc\u00ed vedle sebe na rozbou\u0159en\u00e9m mo\u0159i. Dlouh\u00e9 oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 vlny se mezi ob\u011b lod\u011b nevejdou. Tyto vlny nar\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed do lod\u00ed pouze z\u00a0vn\u011bj\u0161ku, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed tlak, kter\u00fd plavidla tla\u010d\u00ed nevyhnuteln\u011b k\u00a0sob\u011b.<\/p>\n

V kvantov\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b tyto lod\u011b p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed dv\u011b miniaturn\u00ed kovov\u00e9 desti\u010dky um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 extr\u00e9mn\u011b bl\u00edzko u\u00a0sebe. \u201eVlny\u201c jsou zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 fluktuace kvantov\u00e9ho vakua. Tlak zven\u010d\u00ed je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tlak uvnit\u0159, co\u017e desti\u010dky p\u0159itahuje k\u00a0sob\u011b.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci v\u00a0laborato\u0159i se rozhodli tento jev prozkoumat hloub\u011bji. Mezi desti\u010dky p\u0159idali miniaturn\u00ed pil\u00ed\u0159e (vznikla takzvan\u00e1 \u201ecustom Casimir cavity<\/a>\u201c) a\u00a0pomoc\u00ed v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch algoritm\u016f analyzovali, jak se zm\u011bn\u00ed rozlo\u017een\u00ed energie v\u00a0tomto st\u00edsn\u011bn\u00e9m prostoru.<\/p>\n

K\u00f3d, kter\u00fd odemkl vesm\u00edr<\/p>\n

P\u0159i prohl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed datov\u00fdch v\u00fdstup\u016f si Dr. White v\u0161iml n\u011b\u010deho obrovsk\u00e9ho. Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd model struktury t\u011bchto speci\u00e1ln\u00edch dutin nevykazoval jen n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 v\u00fdkyvy tlaku. P\u0159\u00edtomnost miniaturn\u00edch pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f zm\u011bnila chov\u00e1n\u00ed kvantov\u00fdch fluktuac\u00ed natolik, \u017ee vznikla vysoce specifick\u00e1 prostorov\u00e1 anom\u00e1lie.<\/p>\n

Data ukazovala zrod toroid\u00e1ln\u00ed (prstencov\u00e9) oblasti negativn\u00ed hustoty energie.<\/p>\n

Alcubierreho rovnice vy\u017eadovaly jednu z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u011bc: lo\u010f by musela b\u00fdt obklopena prstencem materi\u00e1lu nebo pole, kter\u00e9 disponuje negativn\u00ed hustotou energie. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tento konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed tvar a\u00a0tato konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed vlastnost m\u011bly zaru\u010dit to, \u017ee se prostor p\u0159ed lod\u00ed smr\u0161t\u00ed a\u00a0prostor za n\u00ed se naopak rozt\u00e1hne.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdm Dr. Whitea se v\u00a0laborato\u0159i ned\u00edval jen na podivnou anom\u00e1lii. D\u00edvali se na matematicky dokonalou zmen\u0161eninu Alcubierreho warpov\u00e9ho pohonu. Ani\u017e by to pl\u00e1novali, navrhli lidskou rukou vytvo\u0159enou strukturu, kter\u00e1 generovala skute\u010dnou warpovou bublinu. Sv\u00e9 pr\u016flomov\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry publikovali<\/a> v\u00a0presti\u017en\u00edm recenzovan\u00e9m \u017eurn\u00e1lu European Physical Journal C.<\/p>\n

Surfov\u00e1n\u00ed na vln\u00e1ch samotn\u00e9ho prostoru<\/p>\n

Jak by vlastn\u011b takov\u00fd warpov\u00fd pohon fungoval v\u00a0praxi? Zkusme si pomoci dal\u0161\u00ed analogi\u00ed. P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee sp\u011bch\u00e1te p\u0159es rozlehlou leti\u0161tn\u00ed halu k\u00a0br\u00e1n\u011b. A\u0165 b\u011b\u017e\u00edte sebev\u00edc, va\u0161e maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlost je fyzicky omezena. Pak ale stoupnete na poj\u00edzdn\u00fd chodn\u00edk. Najednou se pohybujete v\u016f\u010di sv\u00e9mu okol\u00ed rychleji ne\u017e lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jdou mimo p\u00e1s. Neporu\u0161ili jste \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kon sv\u00e9ho t\u011bla, ale je to samotn\u00e1 podlo\u017eka pod v\u00e1mi, kter\u00e1 se pohybuje a\u00a0posouv\u00e1 v\u00e1s vp\u0159ed.<\/p>\n

Warpov\u00e1 bublina d\u011bl\u00e1 to sam\u00e9 s\u00a0\u010dasoprostorem. Lo\u010f vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed tohoto fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho principu se nesna\u017e\u00ed let\u011bt prostorem nadsv\u011btelnou rychlost\u00ed. M\u00edsto toho warpov\u00e1 bublina prostor p\u0159ed letounem obrovskou silou komprimuje a\u00a0prostor za n\u00edm exponenci\u00e1ln\u011b rozp\u00edn\u00e1. Lo\u010f samotn\u00e1 p\u0159itom sed\u00ed v\u00a0jak\u00e9si \u201eklidn\u00e9 kapse\u201c ploch\u00e9ho \u010dasoprostoru uprost\u0159ed t\u00e9to bubliny.<\/p>\n

Pos\u00e1dka by uvnit\u0159 warpov\u00e9 bubliny nepoci\u0165ovala \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 drtiv\u00e9 p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Lo\u010f by efektivn\u011b st\u00e1la na m\u00edst\u011b, zat\u00edmco by \u201esurfovala\u201c na vln\u011b deformovan\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru, kter\u00e1 by se prohnala galaxi\u00ed rychlost\u00ed p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed rychlost sv\u011btla.<\/p>\n

Co to znamen\u00e1 pro budoucnost fyziky?<\/p>\n

Je pot\u0159eba z\u016fstat nohama na zemi. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd objev je mikroskopick\u00fd. Vygenerovan\u00e1 warpov\u00e1 bublina je tak nepatrn\u00e1, \u017ee do n\u00ed nelze ukr\u00fdt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd re\u00e1ln\u00fd objekt, nato\u017e kosmickou lo\u010f. Jsme na sam\u00e9m za\u010d\u00e1tku, ale z\u00a0historick\u00e9ho hlediska m\u00e1 tento objev nedoz\u00edrnou hodnotu\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159edstavuje fyzick\u00fd d\u016fkaz konceptu.<\/p>\n

Desetilet\u00ed trvaj\u00edc\u00ed teoretick\u00e9 debaty o\u00a0tom, zda v\u016fbec m\u016f\u017ee warpov\u00e1 bublina vzniknout, jsou u\u00a0konce. Nyn\u00ed v\u00edme, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee. Otev\u0159eli jsme dve\u0159e do zcela nov\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry fyziky. Cesta k\u00a0prozkoum\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch soustav bude je\u0161t\u011b dlouh\u00e1, ale poprv\u00e9 v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch lidstva m\u016f\u017eeme s\u00a0\u010dist\u00fdm sv\u011bdom\u00edm \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee warpov\u00fd pohon u\u017e nen\u00ed jen v\u011bdecko-fantastickou literaturou. Je to tvrd\u00e1, m\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e1 v\u011bda.<\/p>\n

D\u00edky, \u017ee jste do\u010detli a\u017e sem! Douf\u00e1m, \u017ee v\u00e1s tento pohled do laborato\u0159\u00ed, kde se v\u011bda u\u010d\u00ed \u201esurfovat na vln\u00e1ch \u010dasoprostoru\u201c, naplnil stejn\u00fdm \u00fa\u017easem jako m\u011b. Je neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee ty hv\u011bzdy, na kter\u00e9 jsme se jako d\u011bti d\u00edvaly s\u00a0pocitem nekone\u010dn\u00e9 nedosa\u017eitelnosti, se d\u00edky lidsk\u00e9 vynal\u00e9zavosti mo\u017en\u00e1 jednou stanou na\u0161\u00edm dal\u0161\u00edm domovem. Pokud v\u00e1m tento vhled do sv\u011bta warpov\u00fdch bublin a\u00a0konce m\u00fdt\u016f o \u201enep\u0159ekro\u010diteln\u00fdch limitech vesm\u00edru\u201c pomohl uvid\u011bt sv\u011btlo na konci tunelu, budu moc r\u00e1d za va\u0161i podporu. I\u00a0symbolick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek mi pom\u016f\u017ee d\u00e1l sledovat tyto p\u0159elomov\u00e9 fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed studie a\u00a0p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161et v\u00e1m fakta, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1m vracej\u00ed v\u00edru v\u00a0to, \u017ee pro lidstvo neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nemo\u017en\u00e9 hranice.<\/p>\n

Do\u010detli jste a\u017e sem? Podpo\u0159te autora libovolnou \u010d\u00e1stkou.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti jsou pro lidsk\u00fd mozek t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neuchopiteln\u00e9. Pokud bychom se dnes rozhodli vyslat sondu k\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed hv\u011bzd\u011b,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":99994,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[13],"tags":[12470,12469,6069,2726,19392,13525,20260,7640,74,73,78,75,17421,19394,77,76,6068,6843,1540],"class_list":["post-99993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-veda-a-technika","tag-albert-einstein","tag-astrofyzika","tag-fyzika","tag-kosmos","tag-kvantova-fyzika","tag-objev","tag-pokus","tag-rychlost","tag-science","tag-science-technology","tag-technika","tag-technology","tag-teorie","tag-teorie-relativity","tag-veda","tag-veda-a-technika","tag-vedci","tag-vedecke-objevy","tag-vesmir"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116652481328116444","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99993","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=99993"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99993\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99994"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=99993"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=99993"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=99993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}