Automated Credit Scoring Under Scrutiny in Europe
The CJEU’s SCHUFA judgement (C-634/21) in 2023 clarified that producing and transmitting a credit score can itself amount…
Understanding the ICO’s Encryption Guidance under UK GDPR
The United Kingdom’s Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) has released detailed guidance on the use of encryption under the…
UK Data (Use and Access) Act 2025: The Key Changes
On 19 June 2025, the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (DUAA) received Royal Assent, becoming law in…
EU AI Act Obligations for General-Purpose AI Models Take Effect
The European Union has reached a new milestone in regulating Artificial Intelligence, one year after the EU AI…