Finland could introduce elements of a points-based labour migration system in the future, but any reform would require a clear political objective and careful design, according to a new government-commissioned report.
The study, published by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment, reviewed labour migration systems used in several countries and assessed whether similar approaches could be applied in Finland.
The report found that points-based systems operate in different ways around the world and are often designed to achieve different policy goals.
Finland’s current work-based immigration model is built around employer demand. Foreign workers generally need a job offer or employment contract before they can obtain a residence permit. Applicants must also meet government requirements, including minimum income thresholds and occupation-specific conditions.
Under a points-based model, applicants are assessed against criteria such as education, language skills, age and work experience. Points are awarded according to those factors and used to determine eligibility.
The report identified two main approaches.
In a ranking system, applicants compete against one another and only those with the highest scores are invited to apply for residence permits. Such systems are used in countries including Canada and Australia, where immigration volumes are high and competition among applicants is extensive.
In a threshold system, applicants must reach a minimum score to qualify. This model is used in countries such as Germany, Austria and New Zealand. It is generally less complex and can operate alongside an employer-led immigration framework.
The report noted that governments play a larger role in selecting migrants under points-based systems than under Finland’s current model.
Points can be used for different purposes. In some countries they provide a route to permanent residence, while in others they allow highly qualified professionals to enter a country to search for work before securing employment.
Employment Minister Matias Marttinen, who commissioned the study, said the report offers policymakers information on how labour migration systems operate internationally.
“I’m pleased about this report that compares the different points-based immigration models internationally. It offers information to policy makers about the available options to develop work-based immigration in the future,” Marttinen said.
The report concluded that a points-based system could be incorporated into Finland’s existing framework rather than replacing it entirely.
Researchers said any future model would need clearly defined goals, transparent selection criteria and practical methods for assessing applicants.
The study also warned that introducing a points-based system would increase administrative requirements for migrants, employers and authorities.
According to the report, the additional bureaucracy would need to be justified by clear benefits, whether the aim is to attract highly skilled workers, address labour shortages or create new pathways to residence permits.
The government has not announced plans to introduce a points-based system, but the report is expected to contribute to future discussions on how Finland manages work-based immigration.
HT