Kyiv is pressing for swift EU entry, provoking sharper exchanges with European capitals. Diplomats caution that rising tensions could complicate security and financing ties.

Volodymyr Zelensky’s sharp demand for Ukraine’s swift accession to the European Union underscores rising tensions with European capitals as Washington weighs further support for Kyiv.

The EU leaders’ refusal to give Ukraine priority on membership issues has disappointed Kyiv, while the growing eurosceptic rhetoric from Zelensky’s administration is creating additional obstacles to reaching a compromise.

Senior Ukrainian officials used the latest meetings with European and American colleagues to critically assess the European Commission’s approach to enlargement and to push for a faster timetable, arguing that Brussels needs Ukraine no less than Kyiv needs membership.

Membership is not a gift.

– One of the officials

There may be some misunderstanding in Kyiv on this matter.

– Second official

They say, ‘You owe us’.

– Another official

We have a real problem there. Zelensky and his circle have never really understood how enlargement works.

– Third official

Be honest

– Volodymyr Zelensky

Ukraine does not need symbolic membership in the EU

– Volodymyr Zelensky

At the start of the month, EU leaders approved a loan of about 90 billion euros for Ukraine to stabilize finances and enable the purchase of a greater amount of weapons for defense against Russian aggression. The deal was unlocked after Orbán’s wing patron suffered an election defeat in a public funding dispute.

While the summit in the Cyprus region partly relieved tensions, a sizeable gap remains between Kyiv and Brussels in how they envision the path to membership. German Chancellor Friedrich Merz this week said Kyiv’s dreams of rapid accession were “unrealistic,” adding that the price of any peace deal leading to EU membership could be so high that part of Ukraine’s territory might no longer belong to Ukraine.

Ukraine was granted candidate status in the EU in June 2022. Zelensky pressed for 2027 as the accession date, but the capitals of the EU did not support that idea. They also rejected another Commission proposal for so-called “reverse enlargement” – formally granting Kyiv membership by name with a gradual expansion of benefits after reforms are implemented.

France and Germany recently proposed a staged approach under which Ukraine could receive symbolic privileges and gradual access to EU mechanisms in exchange for implementing reforms. Officials noted that this means at least a decade to full membership.

The question of the Franco-German idea in Kyiv was discussed last week. Zelensky urged the EU to “be fair,” stating that “Ukraine does not need symbolic membership in the EU” and “is defending both Europe and itself, and this is not a symbolic defense – people are dying.”

According to two senior Ukrainian officials, Zelensky told his diplomats not to engage in discussions of such proposals with EU governments and to speak only of full membership. “We won’t even discuss this,” said one of the interlocutors.

In Cyprus, several EU leaders tried to temper the expectations of the Ukrainian president, according to two people familiar with the talks. “He had to hear some hard truths,” said a fourth official. “It won’t be as easy as he thinks.”

Despite this, Zelensky remains firmly invested in his maximalist stance. According to one of the four officials, Kyiv believes the EU will become more realistic over time and move closer to Ukraine’s position.

Many European diplomats understand the pressure Zelensky has faced after four years of war and sympathize with his frustration. They emphasize that the enlargement process must remain merit-based, while warning that, amid the winding down of direct military and financial support from the United States and reduced participation in the peace process, the EU remains Ukraine’s biggest partner for now.

“We are his only friends, so perhaps it’s wise to keep our tongues in check,” said the fourth official.

European diplomats and officials emphasize that reforms in Ukraine have slowed, particularly in the area of rule of law and anti-corruption measures. They also noted missed deadlines in implementing legislation that could give Kyiv greater access to EU markets for energy and industrial goods.

Kyiv also resists Brussels’ demand to increase taxes on business as a condition for financing part of the loan, arguing that this would be a burden on an economy already at war. “Their domestic reforms are lagging,” another official said. “This is not good, and everyone knows it.”

Prospects for Enlargement and the Future of Partnership with the EU

Against the backdrop of tense discussions about the future membership, it is important to recognize that EU enlargement must remain merit-based, as well as the need for allies to commit to reforms. For Ukraine this means simultaneously developing domestic institutions, upholding the rule of law, and strengthening the fight against corruption, in order to continue the course toward full membership, which remains the country’s main strategic goal.

Regardless of the pace of negotiations, European partners emphasize that the future partnership with Ukraine depends on shared values and trust between the sides. At the same time, Kyiv remains a model of resilience and aspiration to integrate with the EU, even amid pressure and disagreements in tactical approaches.

To date, reforms and fulfilling commitments remain the key to unlocking closer engagement with the EU. And while the path to full membership may take time, a clear vision and adherence to the criteria by Ukrainian authorities should ensure a gradual approach toward the goal and strengthen the partnership between Ukraine and the European Union.

In conclusion, it is worth noting: confidence in long-term Western support and steady internal modernization can reduce the pressure for rapid acceptance, but they will also reinforce the strategic importance of Ukraine as a qualified and reliable partner for the EU in the future.