{"id":4228,"date":"2025-09-25T05:42:09","date_gmt":"2025-09-25T05:42:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/4228\/"},"modified":"2025-09-25T05:42:09","modified_gmt":"2025-09-25T05:42:09","slug":"odra-paritolu-on-mosaiikne-ajalugu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/4228\/","title":{"rendered":"Odra p\u00e4ritolu on mosaiikne | Ajalugu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Oder on maailma vanimaid kultuurtaimi, mida on viljeldud \u00fcle k\u00fcmne tuhande aasta.<\/p>\n<p>Rahvusvaheline teadusr\u00fchm on n\u00fc\u00fcd saanud uut t\u00f5endust, et otra ei kultuuristatud \u00fches ja ainsas geograafilises paigas, vaid et ta p\u00e4ritolu on pigem, nagu nad v\u00e4ljenduvad, mosaiikne.<\/p>\n<p>Ehk t\u00e4psemalt \u00f6eldes, oder kodustati eri juhtumeil mitmel pool niinimetatud Viljaka Poolkuu nimelises piirkonnas, p\u00f5llumajanduse s\u00fcnnimaal, mis ulatub t\u00e4nap\u00e4eva Iisraelist l\u00e4bi t\u00e4nap\u00e4eva T\u00fcrgi t\u00e4nap\u00e4eva Iraaki.<\/p>\n<p>Yu Guo Saksamaal Saksi-Anhalti liidumaal Seelandi linnakeses tegutsevast Taimegeneetika ja Kultuurtaimeuuringute Leibnizi Instituudist ja ta kolleegid keskendusid odra genoome uurides nii\u00f6elda haplot\u00fc\u00fcpidele, geenij\u00e4rjestustele, mis p\u00e4randuvad j\u00e4rglasele tervikuna \u00fchelt vanemalt.<\/p>\n<p>Andmeid saadi nii geenipangast kui ka arheoloogilisest materjalist, sealhulgas kuue tuhande aasta vanustest s\u00f6estunud odrateradest. Kultuurodra k\u00f5rval v\u00f5eti uurida selle metsikult kasvavaid sugulasi L\u00e4his-Idast ja Kesk-Aasiast.<\/p>\n<p>Uuringu p\u00f5hjal saavad Guo ja kaasautorid ajakirjas <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-025-09533-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Nature<\/a> kirjutada, et inimesed hakkasid otra kultiveerima \u00fcksteisest s\u00f5ltumatutel juhtudel viies Viljaka Poolkuu paigas.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 100%;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/558447h58e7.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Odrakasvatust alustati seejuures veel ennegi, kui inimesed p\u00e4ris paikse eluviisi omandasid.<\/p>\n<p>Guo ja ta kaaslased avastasid muu seas, et \u00fcks p\u00f5llumajanduslikul odrakasvatusel eriliselt oluline haplot\u00fc\u00fcp, mis hoiab valminud viljateri k\u00f5vasti varre k\u00fcljes ega lase neil mulda langeda, on odrataimedesse ilmunud juba tervelt 27 tuhat aastat tagasi, ammu enne vanimate arheoloogiliste leidude aegu.<\/p>\n<p>Sedam\u00f6\u00f6da, kuidas odrakasvatus maailmas levis, ristusid kultuurtaimed korduvalt uuesti ka oma metsikute sugulastega. Nii on odras s\u00e4ilinud p\u00e4ris hea geneetiline mitmekesisus.<\/p>\n<p>Viljaka Poolkuu aladelt levis odrakasvatus kolme p\u00f5hisuunda: Euroopasse, Aasiasse ja Aafrikasse.<\/p>\n<p>Mitugi p\u00f5llunduslikku kasvatust soosivat geenivarianti, sealhulgas eelmainitud terapudenemist v\u00e4ltiv variant, tekkisid ses levikuloos mitmel \u00fcksteisest s\u00f5ltumatul korral uuesti.<\/p>\n<p>Teadusuudised on Vikerraadios eetris esmasp\u00e4evast reedeni ca kell 8.35 ja laup\u00e4eval ca kell 8.25.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Oder on maailma vanimaid kultuurtaimi, mida on viljeldud \u00fcle k\u00fcmne tuhande aasta. Rahvusvaheline teadusr\u00fchm on n\u00fc\u00fcd saanud uut&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4229,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[80],"tags":[26,27,37,33,35,34,36,31,32,1863,3688,21,28,29,95,19,3687,3424,25,23,24,22,20,30,3689,92,93,94],"class_list":{"0":"post-4228","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-maailm","8":"tag-breaking-news","9":"tag-breakingnews","10":"tag-ee","11":"tag-eesti","12":"tag-eesti-keel","13":"tag-estonia","14":"tag-estonian","15":"tag-featured-news","16":"tag-featurednews","17":"tag-geenid","18":"tag-haplotuup","19":"tag-headlines","20":"tag-latest-news","21":"tag-latestnews","22":"tag-maailm","23":"tag-news","24":"tag-oder","25":"tag-pollumajandus","26":"tag-populaarseimad-lood","27":"tag-top-stories","28":"tag-topstories","29":"tag-uldised-uudised","30":"tag-uudised","31":"tag-viimased-uudised","32":"tag-viljakas-poolkuu","33":"tag-world","34":"tag-world-news","35":"tag-worldnews"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4228","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4228"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4228\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4229"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4228"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4228"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4228"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}