{"id":57655,"date":"2025-12-05T11:45:07","date_gmt":"2025-12-05T11:45:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/57655\/"},"modified":"2025-12-05T11:45:07","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T11:45:07","slug":"keskaegne-must-surm-sai-alguse-vulkaanipursetest-vaidavad-teadlased","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/57655\/","title":{"rendered":"Keskaegne must surm sai alguse vulkaanipursetest, v\u00e4idavad teadlased"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Cambridge\u2019i ja Leipzigi teadlaste uus uuring viitab, et 14. sajandi keskpaiga vulkaanipurse v\u00f5is vallandada s\u00fcndmuste ahela, mis viis Euroopa ajaloo r\u00e4ngima pandeemiani ehk musta surmani.<\/p>\n<p>Umbes 1345. aasta paiku aset leidnud vulkaaniline aktiivsus p\u00f5hjustas globaalse kliimakatastroofi: p\u00e4ikesevalgus oli blokeeritud, temperatuur langes ning Vahemere piirkonda tabas ikaldus. N\u00e4lja v\u00e4ltimiseks hakkasid Itaalia linnriigid importima vilja Musta mere piirkonnast, kust koos viljaga j\u00f5udsid Euroopasse ka katkukandjad ehk rotid ja kirbud. Teadlased ei ole 100% kindlalt tuvastanud, milline konkreetne vulkaan purskas umbes 1345. aastal, kuid on t\u00f5endeid, et see oli suure t\u00f5en\u00e4osusega kuskil troopilises v\u00f6\u00f6tmes v\u00f5i v\u00f5ib-olla isegi Islandil. Musta surma ohvrite arvu hinnang j\u00e4\u00e4b 25 miljoni ja 50 miljoni inimese vahele.<\/p>\n<p>Uuringus anal\u00fc\u00fcsiti dendrokronoloogilisi ja j\u00e4\u00e4proove, mis n\u00e4itasid erakordselt k\u00fclma kliimat aastatel 1345\u20131347. Just samal ajal hakkas katk levima.<\/p>\n<p>Ajakirjas Communications Earth &amp; Environment ilmunud <a rel=\"noopener follow nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/commsenv\/\" data-rel-date-range=\"[]\">artikkel <\/a>r\u00f5hutab, et kaubandus, toidutarnete haavatavus ja kliimamuutused tekitasid keskaegses maailmas \u201eideaalse tormi\u201c ja sama muster v\u00f5ib korduda t\u00e4nap\u00e4eva soojenevas ja piirideta maailmas.<\/p>\n<p>Musta surma p\u00f5hjustas bakter Yersinia pestis, mida levitasid kirbud rottidelt inimestele. 1348 kuni 1349 suri katku hinnanguliselt kuni pool Euroopa elanikkonnast. Teadlased hoiatavad, et kliimamuutuste ja globaliseerumise taustal v\u00f5ib sarnaste haiguste risk taas suureneda.<\/p>\n<p>    Kuidas see lugu Sind end tundma pani?<br \/>\n        Saada<br \/>\n           <a href=\"https:\/\/forte.delfi.ee\/artikkel\/120421765\/keskaegne-must-surm-sai-alguse-vulkaanipursetest-vaidavad-teadlased\/kommentaarid\" class=\"article-body-bottom__comment article-body-bottom__comment--write button button--primary button--size-auto\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n        Kommenteeri<br \/>\n       <\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/forte.delfi.ee\/artikkel\/120421765\/keskaegne-must-surm-sai-alguse-vulkaanipursetest-vaidavad-teadlased\/kommentaarid\" class=\"article-body-bottom__comment article-body-bottom__comment--read button button--size-auto\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n        Loe kommentaare  <\/a>  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Cambridge\u2019i ja Leipzigi teadlaste uus uuring viitab, et 14. sajandi keskpaiga vulkaanipurse v\u00f5is vallandada s\u00fcndmuste ahela, mis viis&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":57656,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[80],"tags":[26,27,37,33,35,34,36,31,32,21379,21,28,29,95,19,25,23,24,22,20,30,92,93,94],"class_list":{"0":"post-57655","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-maailm","8":"tag-breaking-news","9":"tag-breakingnews","10":"tag-ee","11":"tag-eesti","12":"tag-eesti-keel","13":"tag-estonia","14":"tag-estonian","15":"tag-featured-news","16":"tag-featurednews","17":"tag-haigused","18":"tag-headlines","19":"tag-latest-news","20":"tag-latestnews","21":"tag-maailm","22":"tag-news","23":"tag-populaarseimad-lood","24":"tag-top-stories","25":"tag-topstories","26":"tag-uldised-uudised","27":"tag-uudised","28":"tag-viimased-uudised","29":"tag-world","30":"tag-world-news","31":"tag-worldnews"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@ee\/115666794950596916","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57655","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57655"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57655\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/57656"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57655"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57655"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57655"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}