{"id":81530,"date":"2026-01-09T11:41:06","date_gmt":"2026-01-09T11:41:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/81530\/"},"modified":"2026-01-09T11:41:06","modified_gmt":"2026-01-09T11:41:06","slug":"louna-aafrikast-leiti-maailma-vanimad-murgitatud-nooleotsad-ajalugu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/81530\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00f5una-Aafrikast leiti maailma vanimad m\u00fcrgitatud nooleotsad | Ajalugu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>L\u00f5una-Aafrikast leitud umbes 60 000 aasta vanused nooleotsad on seni vanimad teadaolevad t\u00f5endid m\u00fcrgirelvade kasutamisest inimajaloos. Teadlaste hinnangul kasutasid sealsed k\u00fctt-korilased m\u00fcrgiseid taimi, mis aitasid saaklooma uimastada.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/archaeology\/60-000-year-old-poison-arrows-from-south-africa-are-the-oldest-poison-weapons-ever-discovered\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Teadlased anal\u00fc\u00fcsisid<\/a> keemiliselt k\u00fcmmet kvartsist nooleotsa, mis kaevati L\u00f5una-Aafrikast Umhlatuzana kalju varjualusest v\u00e4lja juba aastak\u00fcmnete eest. Selgus, et viiel neist oli s\u00e4ilinud j\u00e4lgi aeglaselt toimivast taimsest m\u00fcrgist. Uurijate hinnangul p\u00e4rines see ilmselt kohalikust m\u00fcrktaimest, mida on L\u00f5una-Aafrikas kasutatud ajalooliselt just noolem\u00fcrgina.<\/p>\n<p>Selline m\u00fcrk ei tapnud looma kohe, vaid muutis ta uimaseks ja n\u00f5rgaks. See omakorda v\u00f5imaldas k\u00fcttidel s\u00e4\u00e4sta nii aega kui ka energiat, mida j\u00e4litust\u00f6\u00f6 n\u00f5udis. Teadlaste s\u00f5nul viitab leid sellele, et juba k\u00fcmneid tuhandeid aastaid tagasi m\u00f5istsid inimesed taimede m\u00f5ju organismile ning oskasid neid teadmisi sihip\u00e4raselt \u00e4ra kasutada.<\/p>\n<p>Uurimist\u00f6\u00f6 autorite hinnangul n\u00e4itab avastus ka k\u00fcttide arenenud m\u00f5tlemisv\u00f5imet. Aeglaselt toimiva m\u00fcrgi kasutamine eeldas arusaamist p\u00f5hjus-tagaj\u00e4rg seostest ning oskust oma tegevust ette planeerida. See viitab k\u00f5rgetele vaimsetele v\u00f5imetele juba varases inimajaloos.<\/p>\n<p>Varem peeti maailma vanimaks kindlaks t\u00f5endiks m\u00fcrgirelvade kasutamisest noolem\u00fcrgi j\u00e4\u00e4ki, mille vanus on umbes 7000 aastat ja mis leiti L\u00f5una-Aafrikas Krugeri koopast<\/p>\n<p>Umhlatuzana kalju varjualune pakub haruldasi s\u00e4ilimistingimusi, kus orgaaniliste ainete j\u00e4\u00e4gid v\u00f5ivad p\u00fcsida v\u00e4ga pikka aega. Sealt on varem leitud sadu hoolikalt valmistatud kvartsist t\u00f6\u00f6riistu, mille vanus ulatub 65 000\u201360 000 aasta taha. Seni oli uuritud peamiselt liimij\u00e4lgi, millega nooleotsad varte k\u00fclge kinnitati, mitte aga v\u00f5imalikke m\u00fcrgij\u00e4\u00e4ke.<\/p>\n<p>Anal\u00fc\u00fcsidest selgus, et nooleotstel leidus taimetoksiine, mida t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval seostatakse eesk\u00e4tt \u00fche kindla sibultaime liigiga. Sama taime m\u00fcrgiseid \u00fchendeid on leitud ka palju hilisematest, 18. sajandist p\u00e4rinevatest L\u00f5una-Aafrika nooleotstest, mis tugevdab seost konkreetse taime ja m\u00fcrgirelvade kasutuse vahel. Kuigi pole kindel, kas see taim kasvas t\u00e4pselt samas piirkonnas ka 60 000 aastat tagasi, leidub seda t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval kalju varjualusest vaid m\u00f5nek\u00fcmne kilomeetri kaugusel.<\/p>\n<p>Teadlaste s\u00f5nul on leid oluline seet\u00f5ttu, et see n\u00e4itab, kuidas taimsed m\u00fcrgid v\u00f5ivad sobivates tingimustes s\u00e4ilida k\u00fcmneid tuhandeid aastaid. See avab uusi v\u00f5imalusi uurida varaste inim\u00fchiskondade teadmisi looduse ja keemia kohta.<\/p>\n<p>Edaspidi plaanib uurimisr\u00fchm anal\u00fc\u00fcsida ka nooremaid leiukihte samas kalju varjualuses, et selgitada, kas m\u00fcrgitatud nooli kasutati seal pidevalt v\u00f5i kadus tava mingil perioodil ja need v\u00f5eti hiljem uuesti kasutusele.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"L\u00f5una-Aafrikast leitud umbes 60 000 aasta vanused nooleotsad on seni vanimad teadaolevad t\u00f5endid m\u00fcrgirelvade kasutamisest inimajaloos. Teadlaste hinnangul&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":81531,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[5],"tags":[26,27,37,33,35,34,36,31,32,21,28,29,2380,40609,19,29181,33596,25,23,24,22,20,30],"class_list":["post-81530","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-uldised-uudised","tag-breaking-news","tag-breakingnews","tag-ee","tag-eesti","tag-eesti-keel","tag-estonia","tag-estonian","tag-featured-news","tag-featurednews","tag-headlines","tag-latest-news","tag-latestnews","tag-louna-aafrika","tag-murginool","tag-news","tag-nool","tag-nooleots","tag-populaarseimad-lood","tag-top-stories","tag-topstories","tag-uldised-uudised","tag-uudised","tag-viimased-uudised"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@ee\/115864959868758296","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81530","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=81530"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81530\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81531"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81530"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=81530"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=81530"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}