{"id":39682,"date":"2026-05-12T15:19:11","date_gmt":"2026-05-12T15:19:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/europe\/39682\/"},"modified":"2026-05-12T15:19:11","modified_gmt":"2026-05-12T15:19:11","slug":"as-colombia-preps-for-eudr-challenges-for-smallholders-and-indigenous-growers-remain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/europe\/39682\/","title":{"rendered":"As Colombia Preps for EUDR, Challenges for Smallholders and Indigenous Growers Remain"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"coffee<\/a><\/p>\n

Juan Nieves Dingula (left), a Kogui Indigenous leader, produces coffee in Tayrona National Park. Image by Mie Hoejris Dahl.<\/p>\n

About a quarter of coffee exports from Colombia, the world\u2019s No. 3 producer, go to Europe, which means coffee companies need to prepare to comply with the European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), which should enter into force at the end of this year.
\nColombia\u2019s Coffee Information System (SICA), a georeferenced database managed by the National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia (FNC), contains detailed records on around 1.8 million coffee lots and socioeconomic data on nearly 500,000 coffee-growing families, most of them smallholders.
\nThis long-established system could help Colombian coffee growers demonstrate compliance with EUDR, placing them ahead of competitors in Africa and parts of Asia.
\nNevertheless, while many large companies say they\u2019re prepared for the EUDR, small-scale farmers, including Indigenous coffee growers, often have limited knowledge about the requirements and are less prepared to comply.<\/p>\n

A handful of men swarm around a coffee collection center in the city of Ci\u00e9naga, Colombia, shouldering burlap sacks of coffee as they move in and out of the mill. Ci\u00e9naga is a port town in the foothills of Colombia\u2019s Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, the world\u2019s highest coastal mountain range, and is known locally as the coffee capital of the Sierra Nevada region.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe hope EUDR will be to our benefit,\u201d says Silver Polo Palomino, a coffee grower and representative of the\u00a0Asociaci\u00f3n de Agricultores Org\u00e1nicos de La Secreta<\/a>\u00a0(AGROSEC), a local organic coffee growers\u2019 association in Ci\u00e9naga, speaking over the roar of the mill. Polo is one of many producers in Colombia who say they\u2019re uncertain \u2014 and increasingly nervous \u2014 about what the implementation of the\u00a0European Union Deforestation Regulation<\/a>\u00a0(EUDR) will mean for their livelihoods.<\/p>\n

The regulation, set to go into force at the end of this year, will ban the import into the EU market of seven key commodities linked to deforestation. Coffee is among them. But Colombia, the world\u2019s No. 3 coffee producer, is well prepared for the EUDR and better positioned than coffee exporters in many parts of Africa and Asia, several experts said. Despite a fragmented sector dominated by small-scale farmers, Colombia\u2019s coffee industry is highly organized, largely through the National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia (FNC), which represents more than 500,000 coffee-growing families. The FNC has developed a centralized georeferenced database, the Coffee Information System (SICA), designed to help growers and exporters demonstrate compliance with the EUDR.<\/p>\n

Still, challenges remain. These include compliance with national laws, especially given Colombia\u2019s largely informal labor market, as well as limited awareness of the upcoming regulation among many small-scale farmers. Market actors say that while the EUDR addresses a real need for environmental protection and stronger traceability in global coffee supply chains, it could also lead to unintended consequences, particularly related to recent delays in enforcing the EUDR and difficulty in meeting some of the requirements.<\/p>\n

\"View-over-coffee-plantations-in-Sierra-Nevada\"<\/a><\/p>\n

View over coffee plantations in Sierra Nevada. Image by Mie Hoejris Dahl.<\/p>\n

The EUDR was adopted by the European Union in 2023 and applies to coffee, cocoa, cattle, soy, palm oil, rubber and wood. To be allowed into the EU market, these products must be \u201cdeforestation-free,\u201d produced in compliance with national laws in the country of origin, and covered by a due diligence statement. That statement must include geolocation data for all plots of land where the commodities were produced; a risk assessment evaluating whether the products are linked to deforestation or forest degradation after Dec. 31, 2020, or violations of local law; and mitigation measures where risks are identified.<\/p>\n

The general response in Colombia to the EUDR was \u201cconfrontational\u201d at first, with many seeing it as a nontariff barrier to trade, says Alberto Menghini, head of cooperation for the EU in Colombia. He says the attitude toward the regulation started changing in late 2023, when the EU adopted a more hands-on approach to compliance and the Colombian coffee industry realized it was well-positioned to comply, especially given the high level of traceability of Colombian coffee through the SICA system. Menghini says the EUDR allows the data in SICA to be put to good use.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe regulation is about deforestation, legality and due diligence\u201d in supply chains, says Juan Esteban Orduz, chair of the World Coffee Producers Forum and former president of the FNC. Among these pillars, legality \u2014 compliance with environmental, labor and civil legislation \u2014 poses the greatest challenge for Colombia\u2019s coffee sector, and indeed for those of many other producer countries, he says.<\/p>\n

\u201cColombia, like many other countries, has a certain level of informality, especially in rural areas,\u201d says Marcela Gaviria Botero, director of alliances and projects at the FNC. \u201cSome of the laws aim at or reflect the ambition of having a situation that does not always apply to our rural life.\u201d<\/p>\n

She notes that more than 76% of Colombian coffee farmers operate within family-based economies, while the rest mainly rely on seasonal labor, particularly during harvest periods, which often doesn\u2019t meet all national labor requirements.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe EU has to act realistically. Although desirable, you cannot expect a nomadic coffee picker in a coffee-producing country to have the same working conditions as a European farmworker,\u201d Orduz said in a video call. Unclear or undefined land tenure presents another major legal challenge for the sector.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Collection-center-in-Cienaga2\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Coffee collection center in Cienaga. Image by Mie Hoejris Dahl.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe no-deforestation requirement is the easy part,\u201d Orduz adds, referring to the rule that coffee must not come from land deforested after December 2020. \u201cThe only thing the coffee grower has to do is to not deforest. The challenge is to show that they comply,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n

Gaviria Botero says a team of more than 1,000 agronomists and technicians working for the FNC has been traveling across the country, reminding growers about the prohibition on deforestation and collecting\u00a0written consent to share data<\/a>, allowing registered exporters to access farm coordinates and SICA records to demonstrate deforestation-free status to EU buyers.<\/p>\n

According to Gaviria Botero, in Colombia coffee isn\u2019t a major driver of deforestation. The main culprits are extensive\u00a0cattle ranching<\/a>, illegal coca cultivation, illegal mining,\u00a0illegal and informal roads<\/a>, wildfires, land grabbing, and\u00a0illegal logging<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Colombia a step ahead\u00a0<\/p>\n

Colombia is the world\u2019s third-largest coffee producer, with more than\u00a0800,000 hectares<\/a>\u00a0(2 million acres) under cultivation across 23 of the country\u2019s 32 departments. The industry employs about\u00a02.5 million people<\/a>, and roughly 70% of the country\u2019s coffee is produced by smallholders.<\/p>\n

\u201cCoffee is one of the most important raw materials that Colombia has,\u201d says Fabio Andr\u00e9s Garc\u00eda Bonilla, founder of Casa de Paz Shinawindua, an Indigenous-led organization based in Colombia\u2019s Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta that works with communities to promote peacebuilding, territorial sovereignty, cultural protection and sustainable livelihoods.<\/p>\n

Experts agreed that the EUDR is likely to reshape competition among coffee-producing countries. When it comes to preparedness to comply with the regulation, \u201cColombia is definitely a bit ahead,\u201d says Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Baron, a land-use governance expert at the European Forest Institute.<\/p>\n

He notes that Colombia and Brazil benefit from extensive satellite data, deforestation maps, and relatively strong coordination between authorities and market actors. \u201cIt makes Colombia a very good candidate [for exporting coffee to the EU]. Companies have a lot of free information for doing their due diligence.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cColombia is a case study for coffee \u2014 we\u2019re very well organized,\u201d says Camila Cortes Severino, director of sustainability at Racaf\u00e9, one of Colombia\u2019s largest green coffee exporters. Most producers already have mapped polygons for their coffee plots, she says, and \u201cgeolocation is largely solved.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"Coffee-at-Rosas-farm2\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Coffee plant on the farm of Rosa Elena Marroqu\u00edn Useche, in Sierra Nevada. Image by Mie Hoejris Dahl.<\/p>\n

\u201cColombia has managed to understand, with our help, that EUDR is not a threat, it\u2019s an opportunity to make visible the efforts of coffee and other producers that adopt sustainability practices,\u201d Menghini says on a phone call. \u201cThe exporters that are looking for projection in the world market understand perfectly that traceability is a necessity\u201d regardless of the EUDR, Menghini says.<\/p>\n

Baron says that while Colombia is relatively well-prepared for the EUDR, other producer countries, particularly in Africa and Asia, may struggle to continue exporting coffee to the EU after the EUDR takes effect.<\/p>\n

Smallholders might dominate but, \u201cColombia has a very strong institutional capacity \u2014 it\u2019s the most structured country,\u201d Orduz says. The FNC operates\u00a0in more than\u00a0<\/a>600<\/a>\u00a0of Colombia\u2019s 1,103<\/a>\u00a0municipalities<\/a>\u00a0and maintains detailed records on\u00a01.8 million<\/a>coffee lots. The federation\u2019s SICA tool provides verified exporters with geolocation data and supports traceability across supply chains. \u201cIt is the most sophisticated system,\u201d Orduz says.<\/p>\n

\u201cOver several decades, we have gathered more information than what EUDR requires from us through SICA, which was created in the early 1990s and is now a digitalized information system in the process of becoming more and more agile and dynamic through artificial intelligence. SICA goes way beyond EUDR compliance and we use it for rural development and to respond to the needs of protecting the environment and people\u2019s individual and collective rights, while also promoting the quality of our coffee,\u201d Gaviria Botero explains.<\/p>\n

By contrast, in other coffee-producing countries in Africa and Latin America, preparation for the EUDR has been far more challenging, Orduz says.<\/p>\n

A revolutionary regulation<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s the first time we see market regulation that is so disruptive on commodities,\u201d Baron says. He notes that many traders have historically purchased coffee as a generic commodity with limited due diligence. The EUDR reverses that model, requiring buyers to assess the entirety of their supply chains.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s very disruptive, but in a good way,\u201d Baron says. Menghini says the EUDR reinforces the case for using data analysis in policymaking.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe\u2019re seeing a variety of systems being developed\u00a0by tech companies, traditional certification organizations, trade associations, traders, roasters, and other actors to store and validate data,\u201d says Kevin Lardner, senior relationship manager for Latin America and the coffee trade at the Rainforest Alliance. He notes that the Rainforest Alliance\u2019s certification program now includes\u00a0a set of tools<\/a>\u00a0designed to support EUDR requirements, including automated deforestation risk maps.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe see the regulation as a key tool to prevent deforestation-linked products from entering the European market. We\u2019ve supported it from the start,\u201d Lardner says. \u201cThe regulation is reinforcing the basic building blocks of sustainable agriculture, including improved traceability and land-use transparency.\u201d<\/p>\n

Critics have said the EUDR is a neocolonial imposition from Europe on developing countries. Menghini disagrees: \u201cIt\u2019s a matter of consistency.\u201d He says it wouldn\u2019t be consistent for the EU to invest heavily in environmental protection within the union while not caring about the environmental conditions associated with imported goods.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf I didn\u2019t care what happens there [in producing countries],\u00a0that\u00a0would be real neocolonialism,\u201d Menghini says. Instead, he says, the EU is \u201cprojecting what we\u2019re trying to do internally, externally. We\u2019re treating partner countries as equals.\u201d<\/p>\n

Far from Sierra Nevada\u2019s coffee growers<\/p>\n

On a remote hilltop in Sierra Nevada, Rosa Elena Marroqu\u00edn Useche, a coffee grower and single mother of four who lost her husband during Colombia\u2019s armed conflict, knows little about the EUDR. She says she\u2019s unsure where her coffee goes after harvest, though she believes some of it may be exported to Europe. Still, she supports the idea of strengthening environmental protections in the coffee sector.<\/p>\n

\"Luis-at-their-coffee-farm2-2048\u00d71365\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Luis Armando G\u00f3mez Marroqu\u00edn on his mother\u2019s coffee farm in Sierra Nevada. Image by Mie Hoejris Dahl.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe don\u2019t want contamination, we don\u2019t want deforestation here,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n

When we visit, Marroqu\u00edn\u2019s arabica coffee fields are in the midst of harvest, keeping her children busy; all of them help support the family\u2019s coffee business.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe don\u2019t have deforestation, everything is grown under the shade of the trees here,\u201d says her son, Luis Armando G\u00f3mez Marroqu\u00edn, pointing to the coffee plants.<\/p>\n

In the Sierra Nevada, coffee is typically grown under shade because of the region\u2019s intense sun. Maintaining trees as part of coffee agroforestry systems helps prevent soil erosion, mitigates the impact of extreme weather, absorbs carbon dioxide, and creates natural wildlife corridors.<\/p>\n

Polo, the organic coffee grower in Ci\u00e9naga, says he initially felt confident that he and other members of his association would be able to comply with the EUDR. He recalls thinking early on: \u201cThis won\u2019t affect us, because we are producing organic. Rather, it will benefit us.\u201d<\/p>\n

After learning more about the EUDR\u2019s documentation requirements, however, his view shifted. \u201cNow I see that it won\u2019t [benefit us].\u201d Polo describes the EU market as particularly difficult to compete in, but says it remains the most attractive destination. \u201cOf course, we would prefer exporting to the EU \u2014 they pay better prices.\u201d<\/p>\n

At the same time, he highlights positive aspects of the regulation. Satellite monitoring and geolocation are tools that organic producers like him have long been working with. \u201cIt guarantees product traceability for the client \u2026 I think it\u2019s great,\u201d he says. \u201cWhat we are doing now as organic producers, everyone will soon be doing.\u201d<\/p>\n

In another part of the Sierra Nevada, deep inside Tayrona National Park, Indigenous coffee producers also know little about the EUDR. Juan Nieves Dingula, a Kogui Indigenous leader, says he produces some of the region\u2019s best coffee, but struggles to access international markets.<\/p>\n

The community cultivates coffee on a 1-hectare (2.5-acre) plot using sustainable practices. Still, Dingula says navigating the bureaucracy required to export coffee to markets like the EU is extremely difficult for small Indigenous producers.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe Indigenous communities do not have the contacts and communication channels to be able to have traceability\u201d and export to the EU, says Garc\u00eda Bonilla, the Indigenous empowerment campaigner, who has supported Nieves and other Indigenous leaders with improving their livelihoods.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is a sacred space. The real owner is the earth and the sun,\u201d Dingula says as Indigenous children run around him playing. He says coffee plants, like all elements of nature, have spirituality and must be protected.<\/p>\n

For small-scale producers in the Sierra Nevada, the EUDR provides an opportunity to leverage their strengths, Menghini says. He adds that small-scale specialty coffee farmers are hardly ever competitive in terms of yield per hectare, but when they can demonstrate traceability and their special story, \u201cit is probably their best bet at being competitive,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n

Small- versus large-scale coffee growers\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Gaviria Botero from the FNC says responsibility for demonstrating EUDR compliance lies with the exporters, not the coffee growers. Small-scale growers should not be burdened with EUDR bureaucracy, as it can become \u201ca distraction for them\u201d and their important work at the farm, according to Nicol\u00e1s A. Tamari, president of the Swiss\u00a0Coffee Trade Association and CEO of Sucafina, one of the world\u2019s leading coffee companies.<\/p>\n

\u201cIn Colombia, small producers are not excluded from the market,\u201d says Orduz, the World Coffee Producers Forum chair.<\/p>\n

Cortes Severino, from Colombian exporter Racaf\u00e9, says the EUDR must be addressed at the national level, with close coordination between government and the private sector \u2014 something Colombia already has in place.<\/p>\n

Greater transparency in supply chains could benefit small-scale producers who are often disadvantaged by complex supply chains, says Baron from the European Forest Institute. According to Polo, intermediaries often refuse to share information to avoid direct trade relationships.<\/p>\n

\u201cIntermediaries take about 60% of the profits from our coffee. We earn the least,\u201d Polo says.<\/p>\n

Baron adds that \u201cSome intermediaries will disappear, especially the ones who do not want to adapt.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"Carlos-in-Parque-Tayrona\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Still, most experts agree that large companies are better positioned to comply with the EUDR. Tamari says smaller actors often delay investments in compliance because of limited resources.<\/p>\n

\u201cCollecting and managing data requires additional technical capacity and drives up costs for farmers. There is \u201ca risk that companies may favor better-resourced farms or countries that are better able to demonstrate compliance,\u201d says Lardner.<\/p>\n

New market dynamics\u00a0<\/p>\n

EU importers are responsible for due diligence under the EUDR, but exporters, traders and roasters are also involved. According to Tamari, clients ultimately pay for compliance data, while coffee farmers don\u2019t face direct EUDR-related costs.<\/p>\n

Colombian coffee exporters were already working on traceability in their supply chains, \u201cbecause the market was already demanding it,\u201d Cortes Severino says, adding that the EUDR has accelerated those efforts.<\/p>\n

Her export company, Racaf\u00e9, works with the FNC, using SICA to ensure geospatial information for all of their producers. \u201c[The EUDR] will be good for the sector, because we\u2019re getting to know our supply chains better and improve them,\u201d she says, adding that sustainable practices \u2014 such as protecting water sources, maintaining healthy coffee plants, and minimizing climate risks by protecting forests \u2014 are critical to the long-term performance of Colombia\u2019s coffee sector.<\/p>\n

Baron says companies now face a choice: formalize supply chains to comply with the EUDR, or redirect exports to markets with weaker requirements, such as parts of Asia or the U.S. Some informal actors, he says, may disappear altogether.<\/p>\n

Specialty coffee producers are likely to benefit, Baron adds, because they already operate with more detailed sourcing systems than commodity traders.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Cortes Severino and other industry specialists say they expect the EUDR to accelerate demand for certified coffee. \u201cThere will be a lot of certified coffee moving into the EU,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n

Orduz, who also sits on the board of the Rainforest Alliance, says certified products already meet EUDR requirements, though compliance must still be demonstrated.<\/p>\n

Cortes Severino agrees, saying \u201cCertification alone is not sufficient. The importer must carry out the due diligence.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

Unintended consequences<\/p>\n

Despite its environmental ambitions, Tamari from the Swiss Coffee Trade Association argues that the EUDR is poorly designed and implemented. \u201cDeforestation-free coffee should be the norm,\u201d he says, but calls the regulation \u201ctoo theoretical\u201d and a \u201cregulatory fiasco.\u201d<\/p>\n

He points to technical shortcomings, delayed implementation, and the risk that deforestation-linked coffee will simply be diverted to other markets. \u201cThe EU has regulated first and then tried to figure out how it works,\u201d he says, arguing that closer collaboration with market actors would have produced a more practical regulatory framework.\u00a0<\/p>\n

The regulation has introduced uncertainty \u2014 and a steep learning curve \u2014 across the coffee sector, Cortes Severino says. \u201cIt\u2019s challenging. We are all learning how this will work,\u201d she says, citing open questions around EU platforms, mapping standards and definitions of legality.<\/p>\n

\u201cDue diligence is a continuous process of improvement, it is not black and white,\u201d Baron says. He adds that unlike certifications, the due diligence process for the EUDR \u201cis about showing that you did your best or that you are making improvements.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

What the delay means<\/p>\n

In December 2024, the EUDR\u2019s implementation was delayed by one year, to Dec. 30, 2025. Less than a fortnight before it was due to go into force, a\u00a0second delay<\/a>\u00a0was approved by the European Parliament, pushing enforcement to\u00a0Dec. 30, 2026, for large operators, and\u00a0June 30, 2027,\u00a0for micro and small operators.<\/p>\n

\"Coffee<\/a><\/p>\n

Coffee left to dry in Tayrona National Park. Image by Mie Hoejris Dahl.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe Europeans are the slow ones when it comes to adopting EUDR, and there will be a formal review of how EUDR is working in April 2026 as part of the amended regulatory process,\u201d Orduz says, noting that customs authorities lack sufficient knowledge, staff and funding to enforce the regulation, which has contributed to the repeated delays.<\/p>\n

In October 2025, Nestl\u00e9 and other companies shared\u00a0an open letter<\/a> with the European Commission, urging them not to delay the regulation further. The Rainforest Alliance said \u201cthe EU\u2019s decision to further delay and change the legislation risks undermining trust and preparedness across supply chains, and seriously harms credibility.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cDon\u2019t get me wrong: we don\u2019t want to displace responsibility,\u201d says the FNC\u2019s says Gaviria Botero. \u201cEverybody in the value chain has a role to play, and as producers, we play ours.\u201d<\/p>\n

She says the EUDR should be enforced with an initial grace period without sanctions.<\/p>\n

Tamari says the EU and EUDR \u201clost credibility\u201d by postponing the regulation. He notes that companies have invested a lot of resources on tools to comply with the EUDR and now feel such investments have been \u201ca waste of time, energy and money.\u201d He adds that there\u2019s uncertainty about whether the regulation will even be implemented in the end.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s hard to assess how ready industry players are for EUDR implementation, Baron says.<\/p>\n

\u201cCompanies play the game of saying they\u2019re ready because they cannot say they are not,\u201d he says. He adds he understands some companies\u2019 frustration with the delay. \u201cThey invested to become more competitive, and at the very last moment the EU changed the timeline, giving other companies more time to catch up and level competitiveness.\u201d<\/p>\n

Cortes Severino and others say EUDR implementation is likely to be pushed further. \u201cIf it is delayed one more year, we will continue with the same doubts,\u201d she said. Some even speculate the regulation is likely to be shelved indefinitely.<\/p>\n

The EU\u2019s Menghini rejects that notion. \u201cI\u2019m absolutely sure the investments made in traceability will not be wasted. I don\u2019t think Europe and the world will backtrack,\u201d he says. \u201cThe question mark is really the speed.\u201d<\/p>\n

He points to the overriding reason for implementing the EUDR in the first place: \u201cWe\u2019re addressing deforestation, it\u2019s morally not acceptable.\u201d<\/p>\n

This article was\u00a0originally published in Mongabay<\/a>. It is published here under a\u00a0Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Daily Coffee News does not engage in sponsored content of any kind. Any statements or opinions expressed belong solely to the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Daily Coffee News or its management.<\/p>\n

Comments? Questions? News to share?\u00a0Contact DCN\u2019s editors here<\/a>. For all the latest coffee industry news,\u00a0subscribe to the DCN newsletter<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Mie Hoejris Dahl<\/a>
Mie Hoejris Dahl is a Danish freelance journalist, based in Bogot\u00e1, Colombia. She holds Master’s degrees in International Business & Politics, International Management and Public Administration from Copenhagen Business School and Harvard Kennedy School of Government. Her journalistic work focuses on the environment, human rights, economics, and marginalized communities. <\/p>\n

Tags: agroforestry<\/a>, AGROSEC<\/a>, Alberto Menghini<\/a>, Asociaci\u00f3n de Agricultores Org\u00e1nicos de La Secreta<\/a>, Camila Cortes Severino<\/a>, Casa de Paz Shinawindua<\/a>, Ci\u00e9naga<\/a>, Coffee Information System<\/a>, Colombia<\/a>, deforestation<\/a>, due diligence<\/a>, EUDR<\/a>, European Forest Institute<\/a>, European Union<\/a>, Fabio Andr\u00e9s Garc\u00eda Bonilla<\/a>, Federaci\u00f3n Nacional de Cafeteros<\/a>, FNC<\/a>, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Baron<\/a>, geolocation<\/a>, green coffee<\/a>, Indigenous coffee producers<\/a>, Juan Esteban Orduz<\/a>, Juan Nieves Dingula<\/a>, Kevin Lardner<\/a>, Kogui<\/a>, labor informality<\/a>, Luis Armando G\u00f3mez Marroqu\u00edn<\/a>, Marcela Gaviria Botero<\/a>, National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia<\/a>, Nicolas Tamari<\/a>, Racaf\u00e9<\/a>, rainforest alliance<\/a>, Rosa Elena Marroqu\u00edn Useche<\/a>, shade coffee<\/a>, shade grown<\/a>, SICA<\/a>, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta<\/a>, Silver Polo Palomino<\/a>, Sucafina<\/a>, Swiss Coffee Trade Association<\/a>, Tayrona National Park<\/a>, traceability<\/a>, World Coffee Producers Forum<\/a><\/p>\n


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