Volkswagen AG has struck a preliminary agreement to sell its Osnabrück assembly plant to investment firm Aurelius Capital and the German state of Lower Saxony, pivoting the site toward air defense production in an industry-first overhaul to absorb structural overcapacity.
The transaction involves the potential sale of subsidiary Volkswagen Osnabrück GmbH, with Israel-based investment firm Aurelius Capital taking a majority equity stake alongside Lower Saxony, Volkswagen’s second-largest shareholder. The deal arrives days after Volkswagen announced a major restructuring plan between management and labor unions to eliminate up to 100,000 jobs across its global operations by the end of the decade.
Under the initial framework, the facility will phase out automotive assembly by mid-2027. The site will then transition into defense manufacturing, anchored by a joint cooperation with Israeli defense contractor Rafael Advanced Defense Systems.
Structural Repurposing and Industrial Scope
The initial anchor project centers on manufacturing air defense hardware.
“These plans involve the potential manufacture of systems and components for air defence systems for Germany and Europe,” Volkswagen said in an official statement, noting that the initial collaboration is intended to pave the way for additional security-sector partnerships.
Rafael Advanced Defense Systems is a key industrial developer behind major missile defense networks, including Israel’s Iron Dome, Arrow, and David’s Sling systems. Beyond core missile defense assembly, a source familiar with the matter indicated that additional projects under consideration include converting Volkswagen Amarok pick-up trucks into military tactical vehicles. The source added that Polish defense contractor WB Group could execute similar military conversions for commercial vehicles produced by MAN, a truck division owned by Volkswagen’s Traton subsidiary. Lower Saxony officials and WB Group declined to comment on those specific truck conversion plans.
The conversion strategy illustrates a broader industrial trend across Europe, where expanding defense budgets are being channeled to absorb excess automotive manufacturing capacity caused by weak market demand, high operating costs, and intense competition from lower-cost Chinese electric vehicle manufacturers. Defense contractors such as Rheinmetall and automotive supplier Continental have pursued similar site reuse initiatives across Germany.
Volkswagen had previously warned that up to four additional domestic automotive plants could face closure or repurposing unless viable commercial alternatives are established.
Labor Preservation and Ownership Structure
The Osnabrück agreement provides a structural blueprint for restructuring underutilized automotive real estate while mitigating mass layoffs.
Labor officials confirmed that the transaction is expected to preserve approximately 1,400 of the 1,800 jobs currently supported at the Osnabrück facility, roughly three-quarters of its existing workforce. Volkswagen’s works council publicly welcomed the agreement on Monday, citing it as a viable path forward for the plant’s workforce.
Under the proposed transaction structure, Lower Saxony’s public equity involvement will mirror its 2024 industrial intervention at the Meyer Werft shipyard, where the state acquired a 40% equity stake for €200 million (US$232 million).
Addressing the transition, Aurelius Capital representative Tomer Jacob emphasized the strategic value of repurposing established automotive manufacturing hubs for complex defense contracts:
“Osnabrueck brings with it something that cannot be built from scratch: many years of experience with demanding products, precise manufacturing processes and high-quality, well-coordinated teams and a strong tradition,” Jacob said.