{"id":693,"date":"2026-03-30T14:35:34","date_gmt":"2026-03-30T14:35:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/germany\/693\/"},"modified":"2026-03-30T14:35:34","modified_gmt":"2026-03-30T14:35:34","slug":"sir-isaiah-berlin-british-historian-political-philosopher-social-theorist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/germany\/693\/","title":{"rendered":"Sir Isaiah Berlin | British Historian, Political Philosopher & Social Theorist"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sir Isaiah Berlin (born June 6, 1909, Riga<\/a>, Latvia<\/a>, Russian Empire<\/a> [now in Latvia]\u2014died November 5, 1997, Oxford<\/a>, England) was a British philosopher and historian of ideas who was noted for his writings on political philosophy<\/a> and the concept of liberty. He is regarded as one of the founders of the discipline<\/a> now known as intellectual history<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Berlin and his family emigrated from the Soviet Union<\/a> to England<\/a> in 1920. He attended St. Paul\u2019s<\/a> School and then, on scholarship, attended Corpus Christi College, Oxford. A brilliant student, he obtained an M.A. in 1935. In the meantime, Berlin had begun his career as a lecturer in philosophy at New College, Oxford (1932\u201338), where he later became a fellow (1938\u201350). He taught at All Souls College, Oxford, from 1950 to 1966, was Chichele professor (1957\u201367) there, served as president of Wolfson College (1966\u201375), and from 1975 was a professor at All Souls College.<\/p>\n

After World War II<\/a>, Berlin\u2019s interest shifted from his early preoccupation with Analytic philosophy<\/a> to the fields of political science<\/a>, political theory, and intellectual<\/a> history. His first important book was Karl Marx; His Life and Environment (1939; rev. ed. 1959, 1963), an intellectual biography<\/a> of Marx that was highly praised for its objectivity. Among his other noted works are Historical Inevitability (1955), which stands as a major critique<\/a> of the doctrines of determinism; The Age of Enlightenment (1956), a discussion of 18th-century philosophers; and Four Essays on Liberty (1969). Berlin\u2019s political philosophy is generally concerned with the problem of liberty and free will<\/a> in increasingly totalitarian and mechanistic societies. Perhaps his most influential book, however, was The Hedgehog and the Fox (1953), in which he divides the world\u2019s thinkers into those (the foxes) who, like Aristotle<\/a> and Shakespeare, \u201cknew many things,\u201d and those (the hedgehogs) who, like Plato<\/a> and Dante, \u201cknew one big thing.\u201d Berlin\u2019s essays on various topics were collected in Russian Thinkers (1978), Concepts and Categories (1978), Against the Current (1979), and Personal Impressions (1980). Among his other works are Vico and Herder: Two Studies in the History of Ideas (1976), The Crooked Timber of Humanity: Chapters in the History of Ideas (1990), and The Magus of the North: J.G. Hamann and the Origins of Modern Irrationalism (1993).<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tQuick Facts<\/p>\n

\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBorn:
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJune 6, 1909, Riga<\/a>, Latvia<\/a>, Russian Empire [now in Latvia]<\/p>\n

\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(Show\u00a0more)<\/p>\n

\t\t<\/p>\n

\"Temple<\/p>\n

Britannica Quiz<\/p>\n

History Buff Quiz<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Berlin was knighted in 1957 and was made a member of the Order of Merit<\/a> in 1971.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Sir Isaiah Berlin (born June 6, 1909, Riga, Latvia, Russian Empire [now in Latvia]\u2014died November 5, 1997, Oxford,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":694,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[185,18,184,183,182,636],"class_list":{"0":"post-693","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-berlin","8":"tag-article","9":"tag-berlin","10":"tag-britannica","11":"tag-encyclopeadia","12":"tag-encyclopedia","13":"tag-sir-isaiah-berlin"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/germany\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/693","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/germany\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/germany\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/germany\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/germany\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=693"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/germany\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/693\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/germany\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/694"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/germany\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=693"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/germany\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=693"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/germany\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=693"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}