The tally showed cracks in the Democrats’ resolve but offered no breakthrough.
Blame was being cast on all sides on the first day of the shutdown.
The White House and Congress failed to strike an agreement to keep programmes and services open, throwing the country into a new cycle of uncertainty.
Roughly 750,000 federal workers were expected to be furloughed, with some potentially fired by Mr Trump’s Republican administration.
Many offices will be shuttered, perhaps permanently, as the president vows to “do things that are irreversible” to punish Democrats.
Mr Trump’s deportation agenda is expected to run full speed ahead, while education, environmental and other services sputter. The economic fallout is expected to ripple across the US.
Senate minority leader Chuck Schumer described Donald Trump’s behaviour as ‘erratic’. Photo: AP
Today’s News in 90 Seconds – October 2nd
“I certainly pray they will come to their senses,” house speaker Mike Johnson said, flanked by Republican leaders at the Capitol.
This is the third time Mr Trump has presided over a federal funding lapse and the first since his return to the White House this year. His record underscores the polarising divide over budget priorities in a political climate that rewards hard-line positions rather than more traditional compromises.
He is obsessively posting crazed deepfake videos
The Democrats picked this fight, which was unusual for the party that prefers to keep government running, but their voters are eager to challenge the president’s second-term agenda.
Democrats are demanding funding for healthcare subsidies that are expiring for millions of people under the Affordable Care Act, causing the insurance premiums to spike nationwide.
Republicans have refused to negotiate and have encouraged Mr Trump to steer clear of any talks.
After convening a White House meeting this week with the Democratic leaders, Mr Trump posted a cartoonish fake video mocking the Democratic leadership that was widely viewed as racist.
“President Trump’s behaviour has become more erratic and unhinged,” Democratic senator minority leaders Chuck Schumer and representative Hakeem Jeffries said in a joint statement, calling for an “intervention” to get the country out of the shutdown.
“Instead of negotiating a bipartisan agreement in good faith, he is obsessively posting crazed deepfake videos.”
Vice-president JD Vance said Republicans want to resolve the healthcare issues that concern Democrats but will not negotiate until the government reopens.
“It’s craziness, and people are going to suffer because of this,” Mr Vance said on the Fox News show Fox & Friends.