Significance of integrating king’s theory of goal attainment with FMEA-PDCA quality management tool in health education for GDM patientsEnhancing education quality
The amalgamation of King’s Theory of Goal Attainment, FMEA, and PDCA can elevate the health education outcomes for GDM patients. King’s theory focuses on achieving high standards and objectives, FMEA identifies potential educational deficiencies and risks, and PDCA ensures continual refinement of educational methods to elevate standards. This comprehensive utilization aids in enhancing the quality of health education for GDM.
Risk reduction
Integrating King’s Theory of Goal Attainment with FMEA-PDCA can mitigate risks for GDM patients. FMEA identifies potential issues and reduces risks [21], while the PDCA cycle continuously monitors and refines the educational plan to lower risks [12]. This approach effectively minimizes the risk of pregnancy complications.
Emphasizing personalized education
King’s theory highlights the importance of personalized education, tailoring it to patient needs [23]. Combining FMEA and PDCA allows for ongoing assessment and adjustment of the education plan, offering a personalized educational experience that meets patient needs and promotes their understanding and application of disease-related knowledge.
Data-driven improvements
Integrating King’s theory with FMEA-PDCA enables improvement in health education outcomes for GDM patients through data-driven enhancements. The PDCA cycle continuously collects and analyzes data to assess the effectiveness of education [18], ensuring sustained quality improvement.
Meeting standards
King’s Theory of Goal Attainment emphasizes adherence to high standards, and the combination of FMEA and PDCA ensures that health education for GDM aligns with industry standards and best practices. This provides exceptional medical services, offers safe and effective health education to patients, and enhances their quality of life.
In summary, combining King’s Theory of Goal Attainment, FMEA, and PDCA can improve the quality, safety, and outcomes of health education for GDM patients, ensuring optimal education and care. This integrated approach helps in risk reduction, and personalized education, promotes data-driven improvements, and guarantees compliance with industry standards.
Impact of integrating king’s theory of goal attainment with FMEA-PDCA quality management tool on glycemic control in GDM patients through health education
This study employs the integration of King’s Theory of Goal Attainment with the FMEA-PDCA quality management tool for health education in patients with GDM, positively impacting glycemic control and facilitating early and effective management of blood glucose levels. The findings are consistent with previous literature [20]. Following eight sessions of health education, patients demonstrated significant improvements in their understanding and mastery of GDM-related knowledge, through active participation in learning and treatment, as well as through educator assessments and patient feedback. The integration of King’s Theory of Goal Attainment with FMEA-PDCA enhanced communication between caregivers and patients, assisting in the modification of unhealthy lifestyle habits such as achieving a balanced diet and regular exercise and emphasizing the importance of blood glucose monitoring. Enhanced patient compliance was observed, contributing to better glycemic control, aligning with the findings of studies [8].
Although FPG levels significantly decreased in the intervention group, no corresponding improvement was observed in HbA1c levels (P = 0.671). A possible explanation lies in the relatively short intervention period (8 weeks), which may be insufficient to reflect changes in HbA1c, a long-term glycemic marker with a lifespan of approximately 8–12 weeks. Future studies should consider extending the follow-up duration to at least 12 weeks to adequately capture HbA1c dynamics.
The impact of integrating king’s theory of goal attainment with FMEA-PDCA quality management tool on the health literacy levels of GDM patients in health education
One crucial factor in achieving glycemic control is the level of patients’health literacy, defined as the ability to comprehend and apply health information to manage disease [2, 5]. Research has highlighted the pivotal role of health literacy in glycemic control among diabetes patients [24]. The findings of this study indicate that the application of King’s Theory of Goal Attainment combined with the FMEA-PDCA quality management tool can enhance the health literacy levels of GDM patients, in agreement with literature [27]
The integration of King’s Theory of Goal Attainment and the FMEA-PDCA quality management tool in GDM health education has improved patients’health literacy, primarily reflected in the enhancement of their knowledge level. Through health education, patients gain comprehensive knowledge about GDM, including aspects related to diet, exercise, and medication management. King’s theory ensures the accuracy and comprehensiveness of information, aiding patients in better understanding their condition, enhancing self-management skills, and learning proactive glycemic control. FMEA identifies potential risk factors leading to self-management failures, and personalized education, combined with the PDCA cycle, continuously improves based on patient needs, better adapting to unique patient circumstances.
The impact of integrating king’s theory of goal attainment with FMEA-PDCA quality management tool on the anxiety levels of GDM patients in health education
The application of King’s Theory of Goal Attainment combined with the FMEA-PDCA quality management tool in health education for patients with GDM has shown superior effects in reducing anxiety compared to traditional health education methods. The study indicate that this approach can significantly lower anxiety levels among GDM patients, consistent with literature [26]. The success of this method may be attributed to several factors: firstly, through continuous and consistent health education, researchers immediately assess patient needs, elucidate relevant disease knowledge, and prevent potential issues, thereby formulating personalized educational content and providing compassionate care to alleviate anxiety associated with glycemic control during pregnancy and facilitate disease management. Secondly, improvements in risk communication through FMEA enable educators to understand the causes of patient anxiety, take measures to reduce risks, and provide accurate information and supportive strategies. Lastly, emotional support is identified through the PDCA cycle for patients who need it, offering psychological health resources or guidance.
The significant reduction in anxiety scores (SAS, P
the impact of integrating king’s theory of goal attainment with FMEA-PDCA quality management tool on the quality of life of GDM patients in health education
This study applied King’s Theory of Goal Attainment in conjunction with the FMEA-PDCA quality management tool in health education for patients with GDM, effectively modulating emotional states, enhancing self-efficacy and coping mechanisms, reinforcing self-care behaviors, and improving quality of life. The findings demonstrate that this method can significantly elevate the quality of life for GDM patients, aligning with literature [1]. The impact is mainly observed in three aspects: firstly, in symptom management, patients were able to better control disease symptoms through effective education and management strategies, thereby improving their quality of life. Secondly, in lifestyle improvement, health education encouraged patients to adopt healthier lifestyles, such as balanced diets and regular exercise, contributing to an enhanced overall quality of life. Lastly, in medical outcomes improvement, this approach facilitated better glycemic control in patients, reduced the risk of complications, and thus elevated the quality of life.
The impact of integrating king’s theory of goal attainment with FMEA-PDCA quality management tool in health education on pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients
Research indicates that effective, early, and safe health education is crucial for maintaining normal blood glucose levels and preventing complications in patients with GDM [19]. Despite no statistical difference in neonatal asphyxia, preterm birth rates, polyhydramnios, and postpartum infection rates between the intervention groups, possibly due to the small sample size, the majority of GDM patients are encountering GDM for the first time and have limited understanding of the related knowledge. Even with health education provided by healthcare professionals, patients may still have areas of confusion given the complexity of medical information [14, 15].
Applying King’s Theory of Goal Attainment combined with the FMEA-PDCA quality management tool to GDM health education may positively impact the pregnancy outcomes of GDM patients. The study suggests that this method can improve pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients, in line with literatures. This is manifested in three aspects: firstly, reducing the risk of complications by providing high-quality health education, enabling patients to better address the special needs during pregnancy and lower the risk of complications; secondly, improving glycemic control during pregnancy through identifying potential risk factors and refining educational methods, enabling better blood glucose management; lastly, enhancing pregnancy results as effective health education encourages patients to take proactive measures to improve outcomes, such as achieving normal birth weights for newborns and reducing the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia, while emphasizing adherence to medical advice for regular monitoring and preventative measures to ensure healthy pregnancy outcomes.
Integrating King’s Theory of Goal Attainment with the FMEA-PDCA quality management tool assists in setting and evaluating health education goals for GDM, ensuring the continuous optimization of educational activities. This combined application can enhance the effectiveness of health education, improve the quality of pregnancy outcomes for patients, reduce the risk of complications, and strengthen patient confidence in managing health during pregnancy. This study uniquely combines King’s Theory of Goal Attainment with the FMEA-PDCA quality management tool in GDM health education.
In summary, targeted health education and clinical management based on King’s Theory of Goal Attainment and integrated with the FMEA-PDCA quality management tool play a crucial role in managing blood glucose levels, enhancing health literacy, reducing anxiety, improving pregnancy outcomes, and elevating the quality of life for GDM patients during pregnancy.
The absence of significant differences in certain pregnancy outcomes (e.g., neonatal asphyxia) may be due to the limited sample size, which affects statistical power. Future studies with larger sample sizes or multi-center trials are warranted to validate the observed trends and ensure generalizability.
Integrating nursing theory and quality management tools: a new paradigm for GDM health education
Previous studies have demonstrated that the use of individual quality management tools can lead to certain improvements in the care of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). For example, Zhao et al. employed a motivational PDCA (Plan–Do–Check–Act) cycle within nursing practice, reporting enhanced self-management abilities as well as reductions in anxiety and depression among GDM patients [28].Likewise, Li et al. implemented a structured multidisciplinary care pathway, which resulted in better glycemic control, improved psychological outcomes, and increased patient compliance [11].
Although these interventions using single tools have shown positive effects, their scope remains limited when addressing the multifaceted needs of GDM patients. Therefore, integrated approaches that combine nursing theories with systematic quality management frameworks may offer a more comprehensive solution.
This integrated framework not only incorporates systematic risk identification and process optimization, but also emphasizes collaborative goal setting and active patient engagement. Compared to interventions using FMEA or PDCA alone, our dual-framework approach demonstrated superior improvements in glycemic control, psychological resilience, and obstetric outcomes.
By uniting nursing theory with robust quality improvement methodologies, this paradigm provides a comprehensive and coordinated strategy for health education in GDM. The findings confirm that integrated approaches outperform single-tool strategies by simultaneously enhancing both clinical safety and patient empowerment.