• Pickles JO. An introduction to the physiology of hearing, vol. 2. Academic press London; 1988.


    Google Scholar     

  • Lin FR. Age-Related hearing loss. N Engl J Med. 2024;390(16):1505–12.


    Google Scholar     

  • Sharma RK, Lalwani AK, Golub JS. Prevalence and severity of hearing loss in the older old population. JAMA otolaryngology– Head Neck Surg. 2020;146(8):762–3.


    Google Scholar     

  • Lin FR, Thorpe R, Gordon-Salant S, Ferrucci L. Hearing loss prevalence and risk factors among older adults in the united States. Journals Gerontol Ser Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011;66(5):582–90.


    Google Scholar     

  • Peracino A. Hearing loss and dementia in the aging population. Audiol Neuro-otol. 2014;19(Suppl 1):6–9.


    Google Scholar     

  • McPherson B, Wong ET. Effectiveness of an affordable hearing aid with elderly persons. Disabil Rehabil. 2005;27(11):601–9.


    Google Scholar     

  • Popelka MM, Cruickshanks KJ, Wiley TL, Tweed TS, Klein BE, Klein R. Low prevalence of hearing aid use among older adults with hearing loss: the epidemiology of hearing loss study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998;46(9):1075–8.


    Google Scholar     

  • Ciorba A, Bianchini C, Pelucchi S, Pastore A. The impact of hearing loss on the quality of life of elderly adults. Clin Interv Aging. 2012;7:159–63.


    Google Scholar     

  • Byun H, Chung JH, Lee SH, Kim EM, Kim I. Dementia in a hearing-impaired population according to hearing aid use: A nationwide population-based study in Korea. Ear Hear. 2022;43(6):1661–8.


    Google Scholar     

  • Sakurai R, Abe T, Fujiwara Y. Low intention to visit a hospital for hearing loss among older adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2023;24(7):1092–3.


    Google Scholar     

  • Yueh B, Shapiro N, MacLean CH, Shekelle PG. Screening and management of adult hearing loss in primary care: scientific review. JAMA. 2003;289(15):1976–85.


    Google Scholar     

  • Lawrence BJ, Jayakody DMP, Bennett RJ, Eikelboom RH, Gasson N, Friedland PL. Hearing loss and depression in older adults: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Gerontologist. 2020;60(3):e137–54.


    Google Scholar     

  • Huang AR, Reed NS, Deal JA, Arnold M, Burgard S, Chisolm T, Couper D, Glynn NW, Gmelin T, Goman AM, et al. Loneliness and social network characteristics among older adults with hearing loss in the ACHIEVE study. Journals Gerontol Ser Biol Sci Med Sci. 2024;79(2):glad196.

  • Ketterer MC, Knopke S, Häußler SM, Hildenbrand T, Becker C, Gräbel S, Olze H. Asymmetric hearing loss and the benefit of cochlear implantation regarding speech perception, tinnitus burden and psychological comorbidities: a prospective follow-up study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;275(11):2683–93.


    Google Scholar     

  • Helzner EP, Cauley JA, Pratt SR, Wisniewski SR, Zmuda JM, Talbott EO, de Rekeneire N, Harris TB, Rubin SM, Simonsick EM, et al. Race and sex differences in age-related hearing loss: the Health, aging and body composition study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(12):2119–27.


    Google Scholar     

  • Scinicariello F, Przybyla J, Carroll Y, Eichwald J, Decker J, Breysse PN. Age and sex differences in hearing loss association with depressive symptoms: analyses of NHANES 2011–2012. Psychol Med. 2019;49(6):962–8.


    Google Scholar     

  • Cho YS, Kim G-Y, Choi JH, Baek SS, Seol HY, Lim J, Park JG, Moon IJ. Factors influencing hearing aid adoption in patients with hearing loss in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 2022;37(2):e11.


    Google Scholar     

  • Yoon CY, Lee J, Kong TH, Seo YJ. Effect of changes in the hearing aid subsidy on the prevalence of hearing loss in South Korea. Front Neurol. 2023;14:1215494.


    Google Scholar     

  • Lee H-C. Population aging and Korean society. Korea journal. Volume 61. The Academy of Korean Studies; 2021;5–20.

  • Won CW, Lee S, Kim J, Chon D, Kim S, Kim CO, Kim MK, Cho B, Choi KM, Roh E, et al. Korean frailty and aging cohort study (KFACS): cohort profile. BMJ Open. 2020;10(4):e035573.


    Google Scholar     

  • Clark JG. Uses and abuses of hearing loss classification. Asha. 1981;23(7):493–500.


    Google Scholar     

  • Informal Working Group on Prevention of Deafness and Hearing Impairment Programme Planning & World Health Organization.Programme for the Prevention of Deafness and Hearing Impairment. 1991. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/58839.

  • Feltner C, Wallace IF, Kistler CE, Coker-Schwimmer M, Jonas DE. Screening for hearing loss in older adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force. JAMA. 2021;325(12):1202–15.


    Google Scholar     

  • Olusanya BO, Davis AC, Hoffman HJ. Hearing loss grades and the international classification of functioning, disability and health. Bull World Health Organ. 2019;97(10):725–8.


    Google Scholar     

  • Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983;24(4):385–96.


    Google Scholar     

  • Harris KM, Gaffey AE, Schwartz JE, Krantz DS, Burg MM. The perceived stress scale as a measure of stress: decomposing score variance in longitudinal behavioral medicine studies. Annals Behav Medicine: Publication Soc Behav Med. 2023;57(10):846–54.


    Google Scholar     

  • Lee EH, Chung BY, Suh CH, Jung JY. Korean versions of the perceived stress scale (PSS-14, 10 and 4): psychometric evaluation in patients with chronic disease. Scand J Caring Sci. 2015;29(1):183–92.


    Google Scholar     

  • Kim S-H, Jo M-W, Ahn J, Ock M, Shin S, Park J. Assessment of psychometric properties of the Korean SF-12 v2 in the general population. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):1086.


    Google Scholar     

  • Maruish ME, DeRosa MA. A guide to the integration of certified Short Form survey scoring and data quality evaluation capabilities. QualityMetric, Incorporated; 2009.

  • Lee PH, Macfarlane DJ, Lam TH, Stewart SM. Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011;8:115.


    Google Scholar     

  • Yun Hwan Lee KJL, Han GS, Yoon SJ, Lee YK, Kim CH. Jeong Lim kim: the development of physical functioning scale for Community-Dwelling older persons. Korean J Prev Med. 2002;35(4):359–74.


    Google Scholar     

  • Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). [https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/health-and-medicine/perceived-stress-scale-pss].

  • Rose MS, Koshman ML, Spreng S, Sheldon R. Statistical issues encountered in the comparison of health-related quality of life in diseased patients to published general population norms: problems and solutions. J Clin Epidemiol. 1999;52(5):405–12.


    Google Scholar     

  • Haegele JA, Kirk TN, Zhu X. Self-efficacy and physical activity among adults with visual impairments. Disabil Health J. 2018;11(2):324–9.


    Google Scholar     

  • Levin JB, Lofland KR, Cassisi JE, Poreh AM, Blonsky ER. The relationship between self-efficacy and disability in chronic low back pain patients. Int J Rehabilitation Health. 1996;2(1):19–28.


    Google Scholar     

  • Sood R, Varshney S, Gupta K, Devi NS, Kumar N, Tyagi AK, Kumar A. The Impact of Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss on Quality of Life of Sub-Himalayan Population. International journal of otolaryngology 2022, 2022:8304639.

  • Henderson N, Hodgson S, Mulhern B, Page K, Sampson C. A qualitative systematic review of the impact of hearing on quality of life. Qual Life Res. 2025;34(4):879–92.


    Google Scholar     

  • Zeitler DM, Dunn C, Schwartz SR, McCoy JL, Jamis C, Chi DH, Goldberg DM, Anne S. Health-Related quality of life in children with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss following cochlear implantation. Otolaryngology–head Neck Surgery: Official J Am Acad Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surg. 2023;168(6):1511–20.


    Google Scholar     

  • Choi Y, Go J, Chung JW. Association between hearing level and mental health and quality of life in adults Aged > 40 years. J Audiol Otology. 2024;28(1):52–8.


    Google Scholar     

  • Clement ND, Weir D, Holland J, Gerrand C, Deehan DJ. Meaningful changes in the short form 12 physical and mental summary scores after total knee arthroplasty. Knee. 2019;26(4):861–8.


    Google Scholar     

  • Díaz-Arribas MJ, Fernández-Serrano M, Royuela A, Kovacs FM, Gallego-Izquierdo T, Ramos-Sánchez M, Llorca-Palomera R, Pardo-Hervás P, Martín-Pariente OS. Minimal clinically important difference in quality of life for patients with low back pain. Spine. 2017;42(24):1908–16.


    Google Scholar     

  • Punch JL, Hitt R, Smith SW. Hearing loss and quality of life. J Commun Disord. 2019;78:33–45.


    Google Scholar     

  • Jayakody DMP, Almeida OP, Speelman CP, Bennett RJ, Moyle TC, Yiannos JM, Friedland PL. Association between speech and high-frequency hearing loss and depression, anxiety and stress in older adults. Maturitas. 2018;110:86–91.


    Google Scholar