Erickson G, Dobson NR, Hunt CE. Immature control of breathing and apnea of prematurity: the known and unknown. J Perinatol. 2021;41(9):2111–23. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-021-01010-z.
Dai HR, Guo HL, Hu YH, et al. Precision caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity and circadian rhythms: new possibilities open up. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1053210. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.1053210.
Schmidt B, Roberts RS, Davis P, et al. Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(20):2112–21. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa054065.
Taha D, Kirkby S, Nawab U, et al. Early caffeine therapy for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014;27(16):1698–702. https://doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2014.885941.
Yun WZ, Kassab YW, Yao LM, Khairuddin N, Ming LC, Hadi MA. Effectiveness and safety of early versus late caffeine therapy in managing apnoea of prematurity among preterm infants: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Clin Pharm. 2022;44(5):1140–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-022-01437-0.
Kua KP, Lee SW. Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes of early caffeine therapy in preterm neonates. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2017;83(1):180–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13089.
Sanchez-Solis M, Garcia-Marcos PW, Aguera-Arenas J, Mondejar-Lopez P, Garcia-Marcos L. Impact of early caffeine therapy in preterm newborns on infant lung function. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020;55(1):102–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24540.
Lu Q, Li ZP, Liu EM, et al. Expert consensus on the safe and rational use of aminophylline in children. Chin J Practical Pediatr. 2019;34(04):249–55. https://doi.org/10.19538/j.ek2019040601.
Schoen K, Yu T, Stockmann C, et al. Use of methylxanthine therapies for the treatment and prevention of apnea of prematurity. Paediatr Drugs. 2014;16:169e77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40272-013-0063-z.
Moresco L, Sjögren A, Marques KA. Caffeine versus other methylxanthines for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023;10(10):CD015462. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD015462.pub2.
Armanian AM, Badiee Z, Afghari R, et al. Reducing the incidence of chronic lung disease in very premature infants with aminophylline. Int J Prev Med. 2014;5(5):569–76.
Yang L, Yu X, Zhang Y, Liu N, Xue X, Fu J. Encephalopathy in preterm infants: advances in neuroprotection with caffeine. Front Pediatr. 2021;9:724161. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.724161.
Nylander Vujovic S, Nava C, Johansson M, Bruschettini M. Confounding biases in studies on early- versus late-caffeine in preterm infants: a systematic review. Pediatr Res. 2020;88(3):357–64. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-020-0757-1.
Higgins RD, Jobe AH, Koso-Thomas M, et al. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: executive summary of a workshop. J Pediatr. 2018;197:300–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.01.043.
Patz A. An international classification of retinopathy of prematurity. II. The classification of retinaldetachment. Arch Ophthalmo. 1987;105(7):905. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1987.
Kliegman RM, Walsh MC. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis:pathogenesis, classification, and spectrum of illness. Curr Probl Pediatr. 1987;17:213e88. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-9380(87)90031-4.
Group E-BM, Society N, Chinese Medical Doctor Association. Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of feeding intolerance in preterm infants. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2020;22:1047–55.
Gilfillan M, Bhandari A, Bhandari V. Diagnosis and management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. BMJ. 2021;375:n1974. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1974.
Thebaud B, Goss KN, Laughon M, et al. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5(1):78. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0127-7.
Endesfelder S, Strauss E, Bendix I, Schmitz T, Buhrer C. Prevention of Oxygen-Induced inflammatory lung injury by caffeine in neonatal rats. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020;2020:3840124. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3840124.
Endesfelder S, Strauss E, Scheuer T, Schmitz T, Buhrer C. Antioxidative effects of caffeine in a hyperoxia-based rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Respir Res. 2019;20(1):88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-019-1063-5.
Elmowafi M, Mohsen N, Nour I, Nasef N. Prophylactic versus therapeutic caffeine for apnea of prematurity: a randomized controlled trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022;35(25):6053–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2021.1904873.
Lamba V, Winners O, Fort P. Early high-dose caffeine improves respiratory outcomes in preterm infants. Children. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8060501.
Balashova L, Bykovskaya S, Korobova L, et al. Immunological outcomes in infants with ROP after dexamethasone and aminophylline. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2020;47(8):1368–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.13308.
He H, Chen F, Ni W, Li J, Zhang Y. Theophylline improves lipopolysaccharide-induced alveolarization arrest through inflammatory regulation. Mol Med Rep. 2014;10(1):269–75. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2188.
Miao Y, Zhou Y, Zhao S, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of caffeine citrate and aminophylline in treating apnea of prematurity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(9):e0274882. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274882.
Chu YT, Chen JS, Chen YS, et al. Effects of early aminophylline therapy on clinical outcomes in premature infants. Pediatr Neonatol. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.10.004.
Tey SL, Lee WT, Lee PL, Lu CC, Chen HL. Neurodevelopmental outcomes in very low birth weight infants using aminophylline for the treatment of apnea. Pediatr Neonatol. 2016;57(1):41–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2015.03.013.
Maeda T, Sekiguchi K, Wasada R, Ihara K. Caffeine not associated with irritable behaviour in very low-birth-weight infants. Early Hum Dev. 2019;137:104835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.104835.
Shen W, Qiu W, Lin Q, et al. The gut microbiome of preterm infants treated with aminophylline is closely related to the occurrence of feeding intolerance and the weight gain. Front Nutr. 2022;9:905839. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.905839.
Synnes A, Grunau RE. Neurodevelopmental outcomes after neonatal caffeine therapy. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020;25(6):101160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2020.101160.