Onboard are 75 mice and 1,000 fruit flies, along with a variety of microbes, cell cultures and plant seeds. These living payloads will spend a month circling Earth<\/a>, to help scientists gauge the effects of spaceflight on organisms and their various systems.<\/p>\n As its name suggests, the newly launched mission is the second in Russia’s Bion-M line of space-medicine investigations, the successor to the nation’s previous Bion program. (The last of the original Bion missions, Bion 11, flew in 1996.)<\/p>\n Bion-M No. 1 launched in April 2013, sending a diverse assemblage of creatures to low Earth orbit<\/a> for 30 days. These payloads included “rodents, amphibians, reptiles, crustaceans, mollusks, fish, insects, bacteria, plant and animal cell cultures,” according to a NASA mission description<\/a>.<\/p>\n Bion-M No. 2 was supposed to follow in 2016 or 2017 but was beset by a series of delays, as Anatoly Zak of RussianSpaceWeb.com noted<\/a>. Everything was finally ready today, and the spacecraft got off the ground at long last.<\/p>\n Like its predecessor, Bion-M No. 2 is expected to circle Earth for a month. It will do so in a different orbit, however \u2014 one that takes it over the poles, increasing the exposure to cosmic radiation<\/a> substantially compared to Bion-M No. 1.<\/p>\n The mission’s capsule will then parachute back to Earth, where it will be retrieved and taken back to the lab. Researchers will pore over the payloads, studying how the various organisms \u2014 and simulated moon dirt and rock, which also launched on Bion-M No. 2 \u2014 were affected by microgravity and radiation.<\/p>\n Such work is designed to help Russia prepare for human exploration of deep-space locales, particularly the moon<\/a>.<\/p>\n![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/huomvCm5wrBWrG8nay8aDF.jpg\")
An inside view of the Bion-M No. 2 satellite’s rodent-holding unit. (Image credit: Roscosmos)<\/p>\n![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/jdV68XNQxGxrtZm2sxBDyF.jpg\")
The Bion-M No. 1 satellite following its return to Earth in May 2013. (Image credit: Institute of Medical and Biological Problems)<\/p>\n