In 2024, a total of 310,473 people worked as R&D personnel, measured in full-time equivalent (FTE). By sector, 67.1% of all R&D personnel in FTE were employed by financial and non-financial corporations last year, 30% by higher education, and 2.9% (including nonprofit organizations) by the general government sector.<\/p>\n
The number of female R&D personnel in FTE was 106,074 people in 2024, constituting 34.2% of the total R&D workforce. The percentage of female R&D personnel in FTE was 47.9% in higher education, 30.6% in general government (including nonprofit organizations), and 28.2% in financial and non-financial corporations.<\/p>\n
When examining the educational levels of R&D personnel, 39.9% hold a bachelor’s degree. This was followed by 30.6% with a doctorate or equivalent, 20.3% with a master’s degree, 4.9% with a vocational associate degree and 4.4% with a high school education or less.<\/p>\n
According to the NUTS Level 2 statistical regional classification, the region with the highest R&D spending in 2024 was TR10 (Istanbul), accounting for 33.4% of total R&D spending, followed by TR51 (Ankara) with 27.8% and TR42 (Kocaeli, Sakarya, D\u00fczce, Bolu, Yalova) with 9.4%.<\/p>\n
Top R&D spenders<\/strong><\/p>\n Of the TL 422.4 billion of R&D expenditures by financial and non-financial corporations in 2024, 52.7% was carried out in R&D centers. Of the R&D expenses in these centers, 89.4% was made by enterprises employing 250 people or more.<\/p>\n When enterprises in the manufacturing industry conducting R&D activities are classified by technology level, 46.9% of the TL 210.5 billion of R&D expenditures in the manufacturing industry in 2024 were conducted by enterprises operating in high technology activities.<\/p>\n Of the total R&D spending in manufacturing, 40.2% was conducted by medium-high technology enterprises, 8.2% by medium-low technology, and 4.7% by low technology enterprises.<\/p>\n An analysis of the number of researchers in manufacturing enterprises conducting R&D activities in 2024 showed that the largest number, 31,701, were employed by medium-high technology enterprises. This was followed by 22,093 researchers in high technology enterprises.<\/p>\n Considering the number of researchers in FTE, the highest number or 28,957, was found in medium-high technology enterprises.<\/p>\n Indirect R&D incentives<\/strong><\/p>\n The share of indirect R&D incentives in the R&D expenditures of financial and non-financial corporations, which was 14.8% in 2015, rose to 25.1% in 2024.<\/p>\n The R&D expenditures of financial and non-financial corporations, which stood at TL 11.2 billion in 2015, reached TL 422 billion last year, respectively.<\/p>\n \n The Daily Sabah Newsletter\n <\/p>\n \n Keep up to date with what\u2019s happening in Turkey, SIGN ME UP\n <\/p>\n \n You can unsubscribe at any time. By signing up you are agreeing to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.![\"\"\/](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/JN9LXf.png\")
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\n This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye boosted its gross domestic expenditure on research and development (R&D) by TL 274.28 billion (around $6.5 billion)…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":135013,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[174],"tags":[79,179,18,80625,19,17,30801,11031,82,2245,2246],"class_list":{"0":"post-135012","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-economy","8":"tag-business","9":"tag-economy","10":"tag-eire","11":"tag-expenditures","12":"tag-ie","13":"tag-ireland","14":"tag-rd","15":"tag-research-and-development","16":"tag-technology","17":"tag-turkish-economy","18":"tag-turkiye"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135012","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=135012"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135012\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/135013"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=135012"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=135012"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=135012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}