{"id":186904,"date":"2025-11-18T10:13:13","date_gmt":"2025-11-18T10:13:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/186904\/"},"modified":"2025-11-18T10:13:13","modified_gmt":"2025-11-18T10:13:13","slug":"urban-cooling-and-energy-saving-effects-of-nature-based-solutions-across-types-and-scales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/186904\/","title":{"rendered":"Urban cooling and energy-saving effects of nature-based solutions across types and scales"},"content":{"rendered":"
  • \n

    Zhang, K. et al. Increased heat risk in wet climate induced by urban humid heat. Nature 617<\/b>, 738\u2013742 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhao, L. et al. Global multi-model projections of local urban climates. Nat. Clim. Change 11<\/b>, 152\u2013157 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Newman, R. & Noy, I. The global costs of extreme weather that are attributable to climate change. Nat. Commun. 14<\/b>, 6103 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Li, X., Zhao, L., Qin, Y., Oleson, K. & Zhang, Y. Elevated urban energy risks due to climate-driven biophysical feedbacks. Nat. Clim. Change 14<\/b>, 1056\u20131063 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wang, W. et al. The hidden costs of concealing outdoor air conditioning units. Nat. Cities 1<\/b>, 722\u2013724 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Cooling People, Not Spaces: Surmounting the Risks of Air-Conditioning Over-Reliance (Kleinman Center for Energy Policy, 2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Haddad, S. et al. Quantifying the energy impact of heat mitigation technologies at the urban scale. Nat. Cities 1<\/b>, 62\u201372 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Cook, L. M. et al. Towards the intentional multifunctionality of urban green infrastructure: a paradox of choice? npj Urban Sustain. 4<\/b>, 12 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Griscom, B. W. et al. Natural climate solutions. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 114<\/b>, 11645\u201311650 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Gupta, A. & De, B. A systematic review on urban blue-green infrastructure in the south Asian region: recent advancements, applications, and challenges. Water Sci. Technol. 89<\/b>, 382\u2013403 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Gupta, A., De, B., Das, S. & Mukherjee, M. Thermal hazards in urban spaces: a review of climate-resilient planning and design to reduce the heat stress. Urban Climate 59<\/b>, 102296 (2025).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Task 5: resilient and sustainable cooling in cities. Cities Technology Collaboration Programme https:\/\/cities-tcp.org\/tasks-tcp-cities\/task-5-resilient-and-sustainable-cooling-in-cities\/<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bressane, A. & Medeiros, L. C. D. C. Urban nature-based solutions: key recommendations for overcoming technical limitations and political challenges. ECOA 4<\/b>, 8\u201311 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhou, Y. et al. Exploring the influence of local urban heat features on park cooling effects: insights from Chinese cities. Build. Environ. 262<\/b>, 111782 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Jia, S., Weng, Q., Yoo, C., Xiao, H. & Zhong, Q. Building energy savings by green roofs and cool roofs in current and future climates. npj Urban Sustain. 4<\/b>, 23 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wong, N. H., Tan, C. L., Kolokotsa, D. D. & Takebayashi, H. Greenery as a mitigation and adaptation strategy to urban heat. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ. 2<\/b>, 166\u2013181 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bowler, D. E., Buyung-Ali, L., Knight, T. M. & Pullin, A. S. Urban greening to cool towns and cities: a systematic review of the empirical evidence. Landsc. Urban Plan. 97<\/b>, 147\u2013155 (2010).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kumar, P. et al. Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure: drivers, effectiveness, and future needs urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure: drivers, effectiveness, and future needs. Innovation 5<\/b>, 100588 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Santamouris, M. Analyzing the heat island magnitude and characteristics in one hundred Asian and Australian cities and regions. Sci. Total Environ. 512\u2013513<\/b>, 582\u2013598 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    He, Q., Tapia, F. & Reith, A. Quantifying the influence of nature-based solutions on building cooling and heating energy demand: a climate specific review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 186<\/b>, 111428 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Cuthbert, M. O., Rau, G. C., Ekstrom, M., O\u2019Carroll, D. M. & Bates, A. J. Global climate-driven trade-offs between the water retention and cooling benefits of urban greening. Nat. Commun. 13<\/b>, 518 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u00c1vila-Hern\u00e1ndez, A., Sim\u00e1, E. & Ch\u00e9-Pan, M. Research and development of green roofs and green walls in Mexico: a review. Sci. Total Environ. 856<\/b>, 158978 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Alibakhshi, S. et al. Natural forest regeneration is projected to reduce local temperatures. Commun. Earth Environ. 5<\/b>, 577 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wu, Q. et al. Synergistic control of urban heat island and urban pollution island effects using green infrastructure. J. Environ. Manage. 370<\/b>, 122985 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Gaudard, A., Wuest, A. & Schmid, M. Using lakes and rivers for extraction and disposal of heat: estimate of regional potentials. Renew. Energy 134<\/b>, 330\u2013342 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Li, Y., Schubert, S., Kropp, J. P. & Rybski, D. On the influence of density and morphology on the urban heat island intensity. Nat. Commun. 11<\/b>, 2647 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhao, G., Li, Y., Zhou, L. & Gao, H. Evaporative water loss of 1.42 million global lakes. Nat. Commun. 13<\/b>, 3686 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Winbourne, J. B. et al. Tree transpiration and urban temperatures: current understanding, implications, and future research directions. Bioscience 70<\/b>, 576\u2013588 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Adilkhanova, I., Santamouris, M. & Yun, G. Y. Green roofs save energy in cities and fight regional climate change. Nat. Cities 1<\/b>, 238\u2013249 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Aili, A., Yin, X. & Yang, R. Passive sub-ambient cooling: radiative cooling versus evaporative cooling. Appl. Therm. Eng 202<\/b>, 117909 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Radhi, H., Sharples, S. & Assem, E. Impact of urban heat islands on the thermal comfort and cooling energy demand of artificial islands\u2014a case study of AMWAJ Islands in Bahrain. Sustain. Cities Soc. 19<\/b>, 310\u2013318 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Dialesandro, J. Z. Urban Heat Islands, Built Form, Thermal Inequity, and Green Vegetation Interactions in Rapidly Urbanizing Dryland Cities (University of California, Davis, 2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kim, J., Lee, G., Park, S. & Kang, J. Mitigating urban heat island effects through leadership in energy and environmental design evaluation and blue-green infrastructure: applying the hazard capacity factor design model for urban thermal resilience. Sustain. Cities Soc. 124<\/b>, 106306 (2025).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Rosso, F., Pioppi, B. & Pisello, A. L. Pocket parks for human-centered urban climate change resilience: microclimate field tests and multi-domain comfort analysis through portable sensing techniques and citizens\u2019 science. Energy Build. 260<\/b>, 111918 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Gao, Y., Pan, H. & Tian, L. Analysis of the spillover characteristics of cooling effect in an urban park: a case study in Zhengzhou city. Front. Earth Sci. 11<\/b>, 1133901 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Liao, W. et al. Linking urban park cool island effects to the landscape patterns inside and outside the park: a simultaneous equation modeling approach. Landsc. Urban Plan. 232<\/b>, 104681 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Shi, D. et al. Synergistic cooling effects (SCEs) of urban green-blue spaces on local thermal environment: a case study in Chongqing, China. Sustain. Cities Soc. 55<\/b>, 102065 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Gagliano, A., Detommaso, M., Nocera, F. & Berardi, U. The adoption of green roofs for the retrofitting of existing buildings in the Mediterranean climate. Int. J. Sustain. Build. Technol. Urban Dev. 7<\/b>, 116\u2013129 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Yun, S. H. et al. Do blue-green roofs yield optimal thermal performance? Synergy analysis of the combination of green roofs and water retention layer. J. Build. Eng 95<\/b>, 110172 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wang, F. et al. Coastal blue carbon in China as a nature-based solution toward carbon neutrality. Innovation 4<\/b>, 100481 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Moreno, R., Zamora, R., Moreno-Garc\u00eda, N. & Gal\u00e1n, C. Effects of composition and structure variables of urban trees in the reduction of heat islands; case study, Temuco city, Chile. Build. Environ. 245<\/b>, 110859 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhang, W. et al. Cooling effects of different wetlands in semi-arid rural region of Northeast China. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 141<\/b>, 31\u201341 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kim, K., Yi, C. & Lee, S. Impact of urban characteristics on cooling energy consumption before and after construction of an urban park: the case of Gyeongui line forest in Seoul. Energy Build. 191<\/b>, 42\u201351 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Du, H. et al. Research on the cooling island effects of water body: a case study of Shanghai, China. Ecol. Indic. 67<\/b>, 31\u201338 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Fahmy, M., El-Hady, H., Mahdy, M. & Abdelalim, M. F. On the green adaptation of urban developments in Egypt; predicting community future energy efficiency using coupled outdoor-indoor simulations. Energy Build. 153<\/b>, 241\u2013261 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Yang, J. et al. Further development of the regional boundary layer model to study the impacts of greenery on the urban thermal environment. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. 54<\/b>, 137\u2013152 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Gholami, M., Barbaresi, A., Tassinari, P., Bovo, M. & Torreggiani, D. A comparison of energy and thermal performance of rooftop greenhouses and green roofs in Mediterranean climate: a hygrothermal assessment in WUFI. Energies 13<\/b>, 2030 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Silva, C. M., Gomes, M. G. & Silva, M. Green roofs energy performance in Mediterranean climate. Energy Build. 116<\/b>, 318\u2013325 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Targino, A. C., Coraiola, G. C. & Krecl, P. Green or blue spaces? Assessment of the effectiveness and costs to mitigate the urban heat island in a Latin American city. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 136<\/b>, 971\u2013984 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Li, C., Su, X., Fan, C. & Han, H. Behavior-encoded models reveal differentiated access to public cooling environment by race and income. npj Urban Sustain. 4<\/b>, 19 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Beverley, C. Systematic reviews to support evidence-based medicine: how to review and apply findings of healthcare research. Health Inf. Libr. J. 21<\/b>, 207\u2013208 (2004).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Beck, H. E. et al. Present and future K\u00f6ppen\u2013Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution. Sci. Data 5<\/b>, 180214 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Oke, T. R., Mills, G., Christen, A. & Voogt, J. A. Urban Climates (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2017).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Varentsov, M., Vasenev, V., Dvornikov, Y., Samsonov, T. & Klimanova, O. Does size matter? Modelling the cooling effect of green infrastructures in a megacity during a heat wave. Sci. Total Environ. 902<\/b>, 165966 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Zhang, K. et al. Increased heat risk in wet climate induced by urban humid heat. Nature 617, 738\u2013742…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":186905,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[269],"tags":[4912,16645,20208,18,440,14643,19,17,29999,133,1373,30000,14646,30002,14645,30001],"class_list":{"0":"post-186904","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-environment","8":"tag-cities","9":"tag-civil-engineering","10":"tag-countries","11":"tag-eire","12":"tag-environment","13":"tag-environmental-studies","14":"tag-ie","15":"tag-ireland","16":"tag-regions","17":"tag-science","18":"tag-sustainability","19":"tag-sustainable-architecture-green-buildings","20":"tag-towns","21":"tag-urban-economics","22":"tag-urban-geography-urbanism-inc-megacities","23":"tag-urban-studies-sociology"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@ie\/115570173789941163","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/186904","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=186904"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/186904\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/186905"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=186904"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=186904"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=186904"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}