{"id":212072,"date":"2025-12-02T22:04:12","date_gmt":"2025-12-02T22:04:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/212072\/"},"modified":"2025-12-02T22:04:12","modified_gmt":"2025-12-02T22:04:12","slug":"southern-annular-mode-dynamics-projections-and-impacts-in-a-changing-climate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/212072\/","title":{"rendered":"Southern Annular Mode dynamics, projections and impacts in a changing climate"},"content":{"rendered":"
  • \n

    Thompson, D. W. J. & Wallace, J. M. Annular modes in the extratropical circulation. Part I: month-to-month variability. J. Clim. 13<\/b>, 1000\u20131016 (2000).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Rogers, J. C. & Loon, H. van Spatial variability of sea level pressure and 500\u2009mb height anomalies over the Southern Hemisphere. Mon. Weather Rev. 110<\/b>, 1375\u20131392 (1982).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Gong, D. & Wang, S. Definition of Antarctic oscillation index. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26<\/b>, 459\u2013462 (1999).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Marshall Trends in the Southern Annular Mode from observations and reanalyses. J. Clim. 16<\/b>, 4134\u20134143 (2003).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hartmann, D. L. & Lo, F. Wave-driven zonal flow vacillation in the Southern Hemisphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 55<\/b>, 1303\u20131315 (1998).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ho, M., Kiem, A. S. & Verdon-Kidd, D. C. The Southern Annular Mode: a comparison of indices. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 16<\/b>, 967\u2013982 (2012).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wright, N. M., Krause, C. E., Phipps, S. J., Boschat, G. & Abram, N. J. Influence of long-term changes in solar irradiance forcing on the Southern Annular Mode. Clim. Past 18<\/b>, 1509\u20131528 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Velasquez-Jimenez, L. & Abram, N. J. Technical note: an improved methodology for calculating the Southern Annular Mode index to aid consistency between climate studies. Clim. Past 20<\/b>, 1125\u20131139 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lim, E.-P. et al. The 2019 Southern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex weakening and its impacts. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 102<\/b>, E1150\u2013E1171 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lim, E.-P. et al. Australian hot and dry extremes induced by weakenings of the stratospheric polar vortex. Nat. Geosci. 12<\/b>, 896\u2013901 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Harris, S. & Lucas, C. Understanding the variability of Australian fire weather between 1973 and 2017. PLoS ONE 14<\/b>, e0222328 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lenaerts, J. T. M., Fyke, J. & Medley, B. The Ssgnature of ozone depletion in recent antarctic precipitation change: a study with the community earth system model. Geophys. Res. Lett. 45<\/b>, 12,931\u201312,939 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Fogt, R. L. & Marshall, G. J. The Southern Annular Mode: variability, trends, and climate impacts across the Southern Hemisphere. WIREs Clim. Change 11<\/b>, e652 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    IPCC. Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds Masson-Delmotte, V. et al.) (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2023).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Nakamura, H. & Shimpo, A. Seasonal variations in the Southern Hemisphere storm tracks and jet streams as revealed in a reanalysis dataset. J. Clim. 17<\/b>, 1828\u20131844 (2004).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lorenz, D. J. & Hartmann, D. L. Eddy\u2013zonal flow feedback in the Southern Hemisphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 58<\/b>, 3312\u20133327 (2001).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hendon, H. H., Lim, E.-P. & Nguyen, H. Seasonal variations of subtropical precipitation associated with the Southern Annular Mode. J. Clim. 27<\/b>, 3446\u20133460 (2014).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Codron, F. Relations between annular modes and the mean state: Southern Hemisphere winter. J. Atmos. Sci. 64<\/b>, 3328\u20133339 (2007).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Barnes, E. A. & Hartmann, D. L. Dynamical feedbacks of the Southern Annular Mode in winter and summer. J. Atmos. Sci. 67<\/b>, 2320\u20132330 (2010).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ding, Q., Steig, E. J., Battisti, D. S. & Wallace, J. M. Influence of the tropics on the Southern Annular Mode. J. Clim. 25<\/b>, 6330\u20136348 (2012).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Gillett, Z. E., Hendon, H. H., Arblaster, J. M. & Lin, H. Sensitivity of the Southern Hemisphere wintertime teleconnection to the location of ENSO heating. J. Clim. 36<\/b>, 2497\u20132514 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hoskins, B. J. & Ambrizzi, T. Rossby wave propagation on a realistic longitudinally varying flow. J. Atmos. Sci. 50<\/b>, 1661\u20131671 (1993).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Fan, K. Zonal asymmetry of the Antarctic oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34<\/b>, L02706 (2007).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Fogt, R. L., Jones, J. M. & Renwick, J. Seasonal zonal asymmetries in the Southern Annular Mode and their impact on regional temperature anomalies. J. Clim. 25<\/b>, 6253\u20136270 (2012).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Campitelli, E., D\u00edaz, L. B. & Vera, C. Assessment of zonally symmetric and asymmetric components of the Southern Annular Mode using a novel approach. Clim. Dyn. 58<\/b>, 161\u2013178 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kidston, J., Renwick, J. A. & McGregor, J. Hemispheric-scale seasonality of the Southern Annular Mode and impacts on the climate of New Zealand. J. Clim. 22<\/b>, 4759\u20134770 (2009).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Pezza, A. B., Rashid, H. A. & Simmonds, I. Climate links and recent extremes in Antarctic sea ice, high-latitude cyclones, Southern Annular Mode and ENSO. Clim. Dyn. 38<\/b>, 57\u201373 (2012).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Irving, D. & Simmonds, I. A novel approach to diagnosing Southern Hemisphere planetary wave activity and its influence on regional climate variability. J. Clim. 28<\/b>, 9041\u20139057 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ciasto, L. M., Simpkins, G. R. & England, M. H. Teleconnections between tropical Pacific SST anomalies and extratropical Southern Hemisphere climate. J. Clim. 28<\/b>, 56\u201365 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Turner, J., Phillips, T., Hosking, J. S., Marshall, G. J. & Orr, A. The Amundsen Sea Low. Int. J. Climatol. 33<\/b>, 1818\u20131829 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Clem, K. R., Renwick, J. A. & McGregor, J. Large-scale forcing of the Amundsen Sea Low and its influence on sea ice and West Antarctic temperature. J. Clim. 30<\/b>, 8405\u20138424 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Schroeter, S., O\u2019Kane, T. J. & Sandery, P. A. Antarctic sea ice regime shift associated with decreasing zonal symmetry in the Southern Annular Mode. Cryosphere 17<\/b>, 701\u2013717 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Baldwin, M. P. & Dunkerton, T. J. Stratospheric harbingers of anomalous weather regimes. Science 294<\/b>, 581\u2013584 (2001).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Thompson, D. W. J., Baldwin, M. P. & Solomon, S. Stratosphere\u2013troposphere coupling in the Southern Hemisphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 62<\/b>, 708\u2013715 (2005).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Byrne, N. J. & Shepherd, T. G. Seasonal persistence of circulation anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere and its implications for the troposphere. J. Clim. 31<\/b>, 3467\u20133483 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lim, E.-P., Hendon, H. H. & Thompson, D. W. J. Seasonal evolution of stratosphere\u2013troposphere coupling in the Southern Hemisphere and implications for the predictability of surface climate. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 123<\/b>, 12,002\u201312,016 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Jucker, M. & Reichler, T. Life cycle of major sudden stratospheric warmings in the Southern Hemisphere from a multimillennial GCM simulation. J. Clim. 36<\/b>, 643\u2013661 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ambaum, M. H. P. & Hoskins, B. J. The NAO troposphere\u2013stratosphere connection. J. Clim. 15<\/b>, 1969\u20131978 (2002).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Baldwin, M. P., Birner, T. & Ayarzag\u00fcena, B. Tropospheric amplification of stratosphere\u2013troposphere coupling. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 150<\/b>, 5188\u20135205 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Jucker, M. & Goyal, R. Ozone-forced Southern Annular Mode during Antarctic stratospheric warming events. Geophys. Res. Lett. 49<\/b>, e2021GL095270 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hendon, H. H., Lim, E.-P. & Abhik, S. Impact of interannual ozone variations on the downward coupling of the 2002 Southern Hemisphere stratospheric warming. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 125<\/b>, e2020JD032952 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Fogt, R. L., Bromwich, D. H. & Hines, K. M. Understanding the SAM influence on the South Pacific ENSO teleconnection. Clim. Dyn. 36<\/b>, 1555\u20131576 (2011).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lu, J., Chen, G. & Frierson, D. M. W. Response of the zonal mean atmospheric circulation to El Ni\u00f1o versus global warming. J. Clim. 21<\/b>, 5835\u20135851 (2008).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    L\u2019Heureux, M. L. & Thompson, D. W. J. Observed relationships between the El Ni\u00f1o\u2013Southern Oscillation and the extratropical zonal-mean circulation. J. Clim. 19<\/b>, 276\u2013287 (2006).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Robinson, W. A. A baroclinic mechanism for the eddy feedback on the zonal index. J. Atmos. Sci. 57<\/b>, 415\u2013422 (2000).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lim, E.-P., Hendon, H. H. & Rashid, H. Seasonal predictability of the Southern Annular Mode due to its association with ENSO. J. Clim. 26<\/b>, 8037\u20138054 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wilson, A. B., Bromwich, D. H. & Hines, K. M. Simulating the mutual forcing of anomalous high southern latitude atmospheric circulation by El Ni\u00f1o flavors and the Southern Annular Mode. J. Clim. 29<\/b>, 2291\u20132309 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wedd, R. et al. ACCESS-S2: the upgraded bureau of meteorology multi-week to seasonal prediction system. J. South. Hemisph. Earth Syst. Sci. 72<\/b>, 218\u2013242 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Fogt, R. L. & Bromwich, D. H. Decadal variability of the ENSO teleconnection to the high-latitude South Pacific governed by coupling with the Southern Annular Mode. J. Clim. 19<\/b>, 979\u2013997 (2006).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Yang, D. et al. Role of tropical variability in driving decadal shifts in the Southern Hemisphere summertime eddy-driven jet. J. Clim. 33<\/b>, 5445\u20135463 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    World Meteorological Organization. Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2022 (WMO, 2022).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Matthews, A. J. & Meredith, M. P. Variability of Antarctic circumpolar transport and the Southern Annular Mode associated with the Madden\u2013Julian Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31<\/b>, L24312 (2004).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Flatau, M. & Kim, Y.-J. Interaction between the MJO and polar circulations. J. Clim. 26<\/b>, 3562\u20133574 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Pohl, B., Fauchereau, N., Reason, C. J. C. & Rouault, M. Relationships between the Antarctic Oscillation, the Madden\u2013Julian Oscillation, and ENSO, and consequences for rainfall analysis. J. Clim. 23<\/b>, 238\u2013254 (2010).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Fauchereau, N., Pohl, B. & Lorrey, A. Extratropical impacts of the Madden\u2013Julian Oscillation over New Zealand from a weather regime perspective. J. Clim. 29<\/b>, 2161\u20132175 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lim, E. P. & Hendon, H. H. Understanding the contrast of Australian springtime rainfall of 1997 and 2002 in the frame of two flavors of El Ni\u00f1o. J. Clim. 28<\/b>, 2804\u20132822 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Abram, N. J. et al. Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past millennium. Nat. Clim. Change 4<\/b>, 564\u2013569 (2014).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    D\u00e4twyler, C. et al. Teleconnection stationarity, variability and trends of the southern annular mode (SAM) during the last millennium. Clim. Dyn. 51<\/b>, 2321\u20132339 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Villalba, R. et al. Unusual Southern Hemisphere tree growth patterns induced by changes in the Southern Annular Mode. Nat. Geosci. 5<\/b>, 793\u2013798 (2012).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    King, J., Anchukaitis, K. J., Allen, K., Vance, T. & Hessl, A. Trends and variability in the Southern Annular Mode over the Common Era. Nat. Commun. 14<\/b>, 2324 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Morgenstern, O. The Southern Annular Mode in 6th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Models. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 126<\/b>, e2020JD034161 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Thompson, D. W. J. et al. Signatures of the Antarctic ozone hole in Southern Hemisphere surface climate change. Nat. Geosci. 4<\/b>, 741\u2013749 (2011).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Eyring, V. et al. in Climate Change 2021 \u2014 The Physical Science Basis (eds Masson-Delmotte, V. et al.) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781009157896.005<\/a> (IPCC, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Polvani, L. M., Waugh, D. W., Correa, G. J. P. & Son, S.-W. Stratospheric ozone depletion: the main driver of twentieth-century atmospheric circulation changes in the Southern Hemisphere. J. Clim. 24<\/b>, 795\u2013812 (2011).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Gillett, N. P. & Fyfe, J. C. Annular mode changes in the CMIP5 simulations. Geophys. Res. Lett. 40<\/b>, 1189\u20131193 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Son, S.-W. et al. Tropospheric jet response to Antarctic ozone depletion: an update with Chemistry\u2013climate Model Initiative (CCMI) models. Environ. Res. Lett. 13<\/b>, 054024 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Shaw, T. iffany et al. Emerging climate change signals in atmospheric circulation. AGU Adv. 5<\/b>, 2024AV001297 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Garfinkel, C. I. et al. Impact of parameterized convection on the storm track and near-surface jet response to global warming: implications for mechanisms of the future poleward shift. J. Clim. 37<\/b>, 2541\u20132564 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lachmy, O. The relation between the latitudinal shifts of midlatitude diabatic heating, eddy heat flux, and the eddy-driven jet in CMIP6 models. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 127<\/b>, e2022JD036556 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Tan, Z. & Shaw, T. A. Quantifying the impact of wind and surface humidity-induced surface heat exchange on the circulation shift in response to increased CO. Geophys. Res. Lett. 47<\/b>, e2020GL088053 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Banerjee, A., Fyfe, J. C., Polvani, L. M., Waugh, D. & Chang, K.-L. A pause in Southern Hemisphere circulation trends due to the Montreal Protocol. Nature 579<\/b>, 544\u2013548 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zheng, F. Slowing down of the summer Southern Hemisphere annular mode trend against the background of ozone recovery. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. Lett. 17<\/b>, 100375 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Schneider, D. P., Deser, C. & Fan, T. Comparing the impacts of tropical SST variability and polar stratospheric ozone loss on the Southern Ocean westerly winds. J. Clim. 28<\/b>, 9350\u20139372 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Fogt, R. L. et al. A twentieth century perspective on summer Antarctic pressure change and variability and contributions from tropical SSTs and ozone depletion. Geophys. Res. Lett. 44<\/b>, 9918\u20139927 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Goyal, R., Sen Gupta, A., Jucker, M. & England, M. H. Historical and projected changes in the Southern Hemisphere surface westerlies. Geophys. Res. Lett. 48<\/b>, e2020GL090849 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    King, A. D. et al. Exploring climate stabilisation at different global warming levels in ACCESS-ESM-1.5. Earth Syst. Dyn. 15<\/b>, 1353\u20131383 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Chamberlain, M. A., Ziehn, T. & Law, R. M. The Southern Ocean as the climate\u2019s freight train \u2014 driving ongoing global warming under zero-emission scenarios with ACCESS-ESM1.5. Biogeosciences 21<\/b>, 3053\u20133073 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Sniderman, J. M. K. et al. Southern Hemisphere subtropical drying as a transient response to warming. Nat. Clim. Change 9<\/b>, 232\u2013236 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Grose, M. R. & King, A. D. The circulation and rainfall response in the Southern Hemisphere extra-tropics to climate stabilisation. Weather Clim. Extrem. 41<\/b>, 100577 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Boschat, G., Purich, A., Rudeva, I. & Arblaster, J. Impact of zonal and meridional atmospheric flow on surface climate and extremes in the Southern Hemisphere. J. Clim. 36<\/b>, 5041\u20135061 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ortiz-Guzm\u00e1n, V., Jucker, M. & Sherwood, S. Zonal Wavenumber 3 forces extreme precipitation in South America. J. Clim. 37<\/b>, 3649\u20133660 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Uotila, P., Vihma, T. & Tsukernik, M. Close interactions between the Antarctic cyclone budget and large-scale atmospheric circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 40<\/b>, 3237\u20133241 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Grieger, J., Leckebusch, G. C., Raible, C. C., Rudeva, I. & Simmonds, I. Subantarctic cyclones identified by 14 tracking methods, and their role for moisture transports into the continent. Tellus Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanogr. 70<\/b>, 1\u201318 (2018).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Pepler, A. Projections of synoptic anticyclones for the twenty-first century. Clim. Dyn. 61<\/b>, 3271\u20133287 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Rudeva, I. & Simmonds, I. Variability and trends of global atmospheric frontal activity and links with large-scale modes of variability. J. Clim. 28<\/b>, 3311\u20133330 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bernardes Pezza, A., Durrant, T., Simmonds, I. & Smith, I. Southern Hemisphere synoptic behavior in extreme phases of SAM, ENSO, sea ice extent, and southern Australia rainfall. J. Clim. 21<\/b>, 5566\u20135584 (2008).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Spensberger, C., Reeder, M. J., Spengler, T. & Patterson, M. The connection between the Southern Annular Mode and a feature-based perspective on Southern Hemisphere midlatitude winter variability. J. Clim. 33<\/b>, 115\u2013129 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Simmonds, I., Keay, K. & Tristram Bye, J. A. Identification and climatology of Southern Hemisphere mobile fronts in a modern reanalysis. J. Clim. 25<\/b>, 1945\u20131962 (2012).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Saenko, O. A., Fyfe, J. C. & England, M. H. On the response of the oceanic wind-driven circulation to atmospheric CO2 increase. Clim. Dyn. 25<\/b>, 415\u2013426 (2005).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Oke, P. R. & England, M. H. Oceanic response to changes in the latitude of the Southern Hemisphere subpolar westerly winds. J. Clim. 17<\/b>, 1040\u20131054 (2004).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Fyfe, J. C. & Saenko, O. A. Simulated changes in the extratropical Southern Hemisphere winds and currents. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33<\/b>, L06701 (2006).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Yin, J. H. A consistent poleward shift of the storm tracks in simulations of 21st century climate. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32<\/b>, L18701 (2005).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hall, A. & Visbeck, M. Synchronous variability in the Southern Hemisphere atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean resulting from the annular mode. J. Clim. 15<\/b>, 3043\u20133057 (2002).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Sen Gupta, A. & England, M. H. Coupled ocean\u2013atmosphere\u2013ice response to variations in the Southern Annular Mode. J. Clim. 19<\/b>, 4457\u20134486 (2006).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bi, D., Budd, W. F., Hirst, A. C. & Wu, X. Response of the Antarctic circumpolar current transport to global warming in a coupled model. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29<\/b>, 26-1\u201326\u20134 (2002).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    B\u00f6ning, C. W., Dispert, A., Visbeck, M., Rintoul, S. R. & Schwarzkopf, F. U. The response of the Antarctic circumpolar current to recent climate change. Nat. Geosci. 1<\/b>, 864\u2013869 (2008).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Tansley, C. E. & Marshall, D. P. On the dynamics of wind-driven circumpolar currents. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 31<\/b>, 3258\u20133273 (2001).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Munday, D. R., Johnson, H. L. & Marshall, D. P. Eddy saturation of equilibrated circumpolar currents. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 43<\/b>, 507\u2013532 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Morrison, A. K. & Hogg, A. M.cC. On the relationship between Southern Ocean overturning and ACC transport. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 43<\/b>, 140\u2013148 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Mart\u00ednez-Moreno, J. et al. Global changes in oceanic mesoscale currents over the satellite altimetry record. Nat. Clim. Change 11<\/b>, 397\u2013403 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Rintoul, S. N. G., Alberto C. Rintoul, S. in Ocean Circulation and Climate \u2014 A 21st Century Perspective Vol. 103, 471\u2013492 (Academic, 2013).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Schmidt, C., Morrison, A. K. & England, M. H. Wind- and sea-ice-driven interannual variability of Antarctic Bottom Water formation. J. Geophys. Res. Ocean. 128<\/b>, e2023JC019774 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhang, Z. et al. Evidence for large-scale climate forcing of dense shelf water variability in the Ross Sea. Nat. Commun. 15<\/b>, 8190 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Marshall, J. et al. The ocean\u2019s role in polar climate change: asymmetric Arctic and Antarctic responses to greenhouse gas and ozone forcing. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 372<\/b>, 20130040 (2014).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ferreira, D., Marshall, J., Bitz, C. M., Solomon, S. & Plumb, A. Antarctic Ocean and sea ice response to ozone depletion: a two-time-scale problem. J. Clim. 28<\/b>, 1206\u20131226 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Dong, Y., Polvani, L. M. & Bonan, D. B. Recent multi-decadal southern ocean surface cooling unlikely caused by Southern Annular Mode trends. Geophys. Res. Lett. 50<\/b>, e2023GL106142 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Purich, A. & Doddridge, E. W. Record low Antarctic sea ice coverage indicates a new sea ice state. Commun. Earth Environ. 4<\/b>, 314 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kostov, Y. et al. Fast and slow responses of Southern Ocean sea surface temperature to SAM in coupled climate models. Clim. Dyn. 48<\/b>, 1595\u20131609 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Seviour, W. J. M. et al. The Southern Ocean sea surface temperature response to ozone depletion: a multimodel comparison. J. Clim. 32<\/b>, 5107\u20135121 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Doddridge, E. W. et al. Eddy compensation dampens Southern Ocean sea surface temperature response to westerly wind trends. Geophys. Res. Lett. 46<\/b>, 4365\u20134377 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Doddridge, E. W. & Marshall, J. C. Modulation of the seasonal cycle of Antarctic sea ice extent related to the Southern Annular Mode. Geophys. Res. Lett. 44<\/b>, 9761\u20139768 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Seviour, W. J. M., Gnanadesikan, A. & Waugh, D. W. The transient response of the Southern Ocean to stratospheric ozone depletion. J. Clim. 29<\/b>, 7383\u20137396 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Doddridge, E. W., Marshall, J., Song, H., Campin, J.-M. & Kelley, M. Southern Ocean heat storage, reemergence, and winter sea ice decline induced by summertime winds. J. Clim. 34<\/b>, 1403\u20131415 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Abernathey, R. P. et al. Water-mass transformation by sea ice in the upper branch of the Southern Ocean overturning. Nat. Geosci. 9<\/b>, 596\u2013601 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Pellichero, V., Sall\u00e9e, J.-B., Chapman, C. C. & Downes, S. M. The Southern Ocean meridional overturning in the sea-ice sector is driven by freshwater fluxes. Nat. Commun. 9<\/b>, 1789 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Raphael, M. N. The influence of atmospheric zonal wave three on Antarctic sea ice variability. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 112<\/b>, 2006JD007852 (2007).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Yuan, X. & Li, C. Climate modes in southern high latitudes and their impacts on Antarctic sea ice. J. Geophys. Res. Ocean. 113<\/b>, 2006JC004067 (2008).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Eabry, M. D., Goyal, R., Taschetto, A. S., Hobbs, W. & Sen Gupta, A. Combined impacts of Southern Annular Mode and zonal wave 3 on Antarctic sea ice variability. J. Clim. 37<\/b>, 1759\u20131775 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Raphael, M. N. et al. The Amundsen Sea Low: variability, change, and impact on Antarctic climate. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 97<\/b>, 111\u2013121 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hosking, J. S., Orr, A., Marshall, G. J., Turner, J. & Phillips, T. The influence of the Amundsen\u2013Bellingshausen seas low on the climate of West Antarctica and its representation in coupled climate model simulations. J. Clim. 26<\/b>, 6633\u20136648 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Seviour, W. J. M., Gnanadesikan, A., Waugh, D. & Pradal, M.-A. Transient response of the Southern Ocean to changing ozone: regional responses and physical mechanisms. J. Clim. 30<\/b>, 2463\u20132480 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Parkinson, C. L. A 40-y record reveals gradual antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 116<\/b>, 14414\u201314423 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wang, G. et al. Compounding tropical and stratospheric forcing of the record low Antarctic sea-ice in 2016. Nat. Commun. 10<\/b>, 13 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Meehl, G. A. et al. Sustained ocean changes contributed to sudden Antarctic sea ice retreat in late 2016. Nat. Commun. 10<\/b>, 14 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Boehm, C. L., Thompson, D. W. J. & Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, E. The key role of the Southern Annular Mode during the sea-ice maximum for Antarctic sea ice and its recent loss. Commun. Earth Environ. 6, 833 (2025).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Sigmond, M. & Fyfe, J. C. The Antarctic sea ice response to the ozone hole in climate models. J. Clim. 27<\/b>, 1336\u20131342 (2014).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Polvani, L. M. et al. Interannual SAM modulation of Antarctic sea ice extent does not account for its long-term trends, pointing to a limited role for ozone depletion. Geophys. Res. Lett. 48<\/b>, e2021GL094871 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hobbs, W. et al. Observational evidence for a regime shift in summer Antarctic sea Ice. J. Clim. 37<\/b>, 2263\u20132275 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Meredith, M. et al. Polar regions. In IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (eds P\u00f6rtner, H.-O. et al.) 203\u2013320 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2019).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Otosaka, I. N. et al. Mass balance of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets from 1992 to 2020. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 15<\/b>, 1597\u20131616 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Spence, P. et al. Rapid subsurface warming and circulation changes of Antarctic coastal waters by poleward shifting winds. Geophys. Res. Lett. 41<\/b>, 4601\u20134610 (2014).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Verfaillie, D. et al. The circum-Antarctic ice-shelves respond to a more positive Southern Annular Mode with regionally varied melting. Commun. Earth Environ. 3<\/b>, 139 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Pritchard, H. D. et al. Antarctic ice-sheet loss driven by basal melting of ice shelves. Nature 484<\/b>, 502\u2013505 (2012).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Heywood, K. et al. Between the devil and the deep blue sea: the role of the Amundsen Sea continental shelf in exchanges between ocean and ice shelves. Oceanography 29<\/b>, 118\u2013129 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Schmidtko, S., Heywood, K. J., Thompson, A. F. & Aoki, S. Multidecadal warming of Antarctic waters. Science 346<\/b>, 1227\u20131231 (2014).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Cook, A. J. et al. Ocean forcing of glacier retreat in the western Antarctic Peninsula. Science 353<\/b>, 283\u2013286 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Jenkins, A. et al. Decadal ocean forcing and Antarctic ice sheet response: lessons from the Amundsen Sea. Oceanography 29<\/b>, 106\u2013117 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kimura, S. et al. Oceanographic controls on the variability of ice-shelf basal melting and circulation of glacial meltwater in the Amundsen Sea Embayment, Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res. Ocean. 122<\/b>, 10131\u201310155 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Dinniman, M. S., Klinck, J. M. & Hofmann, E. E. Sensitivity of circumpolar deep water transport and ice shelf basal melt along the West Antarctic Peninsula to changes in the winds. J. Clim. 25<\/b>, 4799\u20134816 (2012).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhang, Z. et al. Linkage of the physical environments in the northern Antarctic Peninsula region to the Southern Annular Mode and the implications for the phytoplankton production. Prog. Oceanogr. 188<\/b>, 102416 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hazel, J. E. & Stewart, A. L. Are the near-Antarctic easterly winds weakening in response to enhancement of the Southern Annular Mode? J. Clim. 32<\/b>, 1895\u20131918 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Meijers, A. J. S. The Southern Ocean in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 372<\/b>, 20130296 (2014).<\/p>\n

    CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Downes, S. M. & Hogg, A. M. Southern Ocean circulation and eddy compensation in CMIP5 models. J. Clim. 26<\/b>, 7198\u20137220 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Spence, P. et al. Localized rapid warming of West Antarctic subsurface waters by remote winds. Nat. Clim. Change 7<\/b>, 595\u2013603 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Holland, P. R., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dutrieux, P., Jenkins, A. & Steig, E. J. West Antarctic ice loss influenced by internal climate variability and anthropogenic forcing. Nat. Geosci. 12<\/b>, 718\u2013724 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Purich, A. & England, M. H. Historical and future projected warming of Antarctic shelf bottom water in CMIP6 models. Geophys. Res. Lett. 48<\/b>, e2021GL092752 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hosking, J. S., Orr, A., Bracegirdle, T. J. & Turner, J. Future circulation changes off West Antarctica: sensitivity of the Amundsen Sea Low to projected anthropogenic forcing. Geophys. Res. Lett. 43<\/b>, 367\u2013376 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Neme, J., England, M. H. & McC. Hogg, A. Projected changes of surface winds over the Antarctic continental margin. Geophys. Res. Lett. 49<\/b>, e2022GL098820 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Marshall, G. J. Half-century seasonal relationships between the Southern Annular Mode and Antarctic temperatures. Int. J. Climatol. 27<\/b>, 373\u2013383 (2007).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Thompson, D. W. J. & Solomon, S. Interpretation of recent Southern Hemisphere climate change. Science 296<\/b>, 895\u2013899 (2002).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Marshall, G. J. & Thompson, D. W. J. The signatures of large-scale patterns of atmospheric variability in Antarctic surface temperatures. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 121<\/b>, 3276\u20133289 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Saunderson, D., Mackintosh, A. N., McCormack, F. S., Jones, R. S. & van Dalum, C. T. How does the Southern Annular Mode control surface melt in East Antarctica? Geophys. Res. Lett. 51<\/b>, e2023GL105475 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Van Den Broeke, M. R. & Van Lipzig, N. P. M. Changes in Antarctic temperature, wind and precipitation in response to the Antarctic Oscillation. Ann. Glaciol. 39<\/b>, 119\u2013126 (2004).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Reid, K. J., Arblaster, J. M., Alexander, L. V. & Siems, S. T. Spurious trends in high latitude Southern Hemisphere precipitation observations. Geophys. Res. Lett. 51<\/b>, e2023GL106994 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Marshall, G. J., Thompson, D. W. J. & van den Broeke, M. R. The signature of Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation patterns in Antarctic precipitation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 44<\/b>, 11,580\u201311,589 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wille, J. D. et al. Antarctic atmospheric river climatology and precipitation impacts. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 126<\/b>, e2020JD033788 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hartmann, D. L. A PV view of zonal flow vacillation. J. Atmos. Sci. 52<\/b>, 2561\u20132576 (1995).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Turner, J. et al. The dominant role of extreme precipitation events in Antarctic snowfall variability. Geophys. Res. Lett. 46<\/b>, 3502\u20133511 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Previdi, M. & Polvani, L. M. Impact of the montreal protocol on Antarctic surface mass balance and implications for global sea level rise. J. Clim. 30<\/b>, 7247\u20137253 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Chemke, R., Previdi, M., England, M. R. & Polvani, L. M. Distinguishing the impacts of ozone and ozone-depleting substances on the recent increase in Antarctic surface mass balance. Cryosphere 14<\/b>, 4135\u20134144 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Medley, B. & Thomas, E. R. Increased snowfall over the Antarctic ice sheet mitigated twentieth-century sea-level rise. Nat. Clim. Change 9<\/b>, 34\u201339 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Dalaiden, Q., Goosse, H., Lenaerts, J. T. M., Cavitte, M. G. P. & Henderson, N. Future Antarctic snow accumulation trend is dominated by atmospheric synoptic-scale events. Commun. Earth Environ. 1<\/b>, 62 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhang, B., Yao, Y., Liu, L. & Yang, Y. Interannual ice mass variations over the Antarctic ice sheet from 2003 to 2017 were linked to El Ni\u00f1o\u2013Southern Oscillation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 560<\/b>, 116796 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Pfeffer, J., Cazenave, A. & Barnoud, A. Analysis of the interannual variability in satellite gravity solutions: detection of climate modes fingerprints in water mass displacements across continents and oceans. Clim. Dyn. 58<\/b>, 1065\u20131084 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kim, B.-H., Seo, K.-W., Eom, J., Chen, J. & Wilson, C. R. Antarctic ice mass variations from 1979 to 2017 driven by anomalous precipitation accumulation. Sci. Rep. 10<\/b>, 20366 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    King, M. A., Lyu, K. & Zhang, X. Climate variability a key driver of recent Antarctic ice-mass change. Nat. Geosci. 16<\/b>, 1128\u20131135 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Fr\u00f6licher, T. L. et al. Dominance of the Southern Ocean in anthropogenic carbon and heat uptake in CMIP5 models. J. Clim. 28<\/b>, 862\u2013886 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Landsch\u00fctzer, P. et al. The reinvigoration of the Southern Ocean carbon sink. Science 349<\/b>, 1221\u20131224 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Menviel, L. & Spence, P. Southern Ocean circulation\u2019s impact on atmospheric CO2 concentration. Front. Mar. Sci. 10<\/b>, 1328534 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lenton, A. & Matear, R. J. Role of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in Southern Ocean CO2 uptake. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 21<\/b>, 2006GB002714 (2007).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lovenduski, N. S., Gruber, N., Doney, S. C. & Lima, I. D. Enhanced CO2 outgassing in the Southern Ocean from a positive phase of the Southern Annular Mode. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 21<\/b>, GB2026 (2007).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hauck, J. et al. Seasonally different carbon flux changes in the Southern Ocean in response to the Southern Annular Mode. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 27<\/b>, 1236\u20131245 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Sall\u00e9e, J.-B., Speer, K. G. & Rintoul, S. R. Zonally asymmetric response of the Southern Ocean mixed-layer depth to the Southern Annular Mode. Nat. Geosci. 3<\/b>, 273\u2013279 (2010).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Dufour, C. O. et al. Eddy compensation and controls of the enhanced sea-to-air CO2 flux during positive phases of the Southern Annular Mode. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 27<\/b>, 950\u2013961 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Menviel, L. C. et al. Enhanced Southern Ocean CO\u2082 outgassing as a result of stronger and poleward shifted Southern Hemispheric westerlies. Biogeosciences 20<\/b>, 4413\u20134431 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Sall\u00e9e, J.-B., Matear, R. J., Rintoul, S. R. & Lenton, A. Localized subduction of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the Southern Hemisphere oceans. Nat. Geosci. 5<\/b>, 579\u2013584 (2012).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ito, T., Woloszyn, M. & Mazloff, M. Anthropogenic carbon dioxide transport in the Southern Ocean driven by Ekman flow. Nature 463<\/b>, 80\u201383 (2010).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Keppler, L. & Landsch\u00fctzer, P. Regional wind variability modulates the Southern Ocean carbon sink. Sci. Rep. 9<\/b>, 7384 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Swart, N. C., Gille, S. T., Fyfe, J. C. & Gillett, N. P. Recent Southern Ocean warming and freshening driven by greenhouse gas emissions and ozone depletion. Nat. Geosci. 11<\/b>, 836\u2013841 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Cai, W. et al. Southern Ocean warming and its climatic impacts. Sci. Bull. 68<\/b>, 946\u2013960 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ayers, J. M. & Strutton, P. G. Nutrient variability in subAntarctic mode waters forced by the Southern Annular Mode and ENSO. Geophys. Res. Lett. 40<\/b>, 3419\u20133423 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    de Baar, H. J. W., Buma, A., Nolting, R., Cadee, G. & Jacques, G. On iron limitation of the Southern Ocean: experimental observations in the Weddell and Scotia seas. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 65<\/b>, 105\u2013122 (1990).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lovenduski, N. S. & Gruber, N. Impact of the Southern Annular Mode on Southern Ocean circulation and biology. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32<\/b>, L11603 (2005).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Noh, K. M., Lim, H.-G. & Kug, J.-S. Zonally asymmetric phytoplankton response to the Southern Annular Mode in the marginal sea of the Southern Ocean. Sci. Rep. 11<\/b>, 10266 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Greaves, B. L. et al. The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) influences phytoplankton communities in the seasonal ice zone of the Southern Ocean. Biogeosciences 17<\/b>, 3815\u20133835 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Li, Q., England, M. H., Hogg, A. M., Rintoul, S. R. & Morrison, A. K. Abyssal ocean overturning slowdown and warming driven by Antarctic meltwater. Nature 615<\/b>, 841\u2013847 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Revell, L. E., Robertson, F., Douglas, H., Morgenstern, O. & Frame, D. Influence of ozone forcing on 21st century Southern Hemisphere surface westerlies in CMIP6 models. Geophys. Res. Lett. 49<\/b>, e2022GL098252 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Yeager, S. G. et al. Reduced Southern Ocean warming enhances global skill and signal-to-noise in an eddy-resolving decadal prediction system. npj Clim. Atmos. Sci. 6<\/b>, 107 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hartmann, D. L. The Antarctic ozone hole and the pattern effect on climate sensitivity. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 119<\/b>, e2207889119 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhang, X. et al. Evaluation of the seasonality and spatial aspects of the Southern Annular Mode in CMIP6 models. Int. J. Climatol. 42<\/b>, 3820\u20133837 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Udy, D. G., Vance, T. R., Kiem, A. S. & Holbrook, N. J. A synoptic bridge linking sea salt aerosol concentrations in East Antarctic snowfall to Australian rainfall. Commun. Earth Environ. 3<\/b>, 175 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Silvestri, G. E. & Vera, C. S. Antarctic oscillation signal on precipitation anomalies over southeastern South America. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30<\/b>, 2115 (2003).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Vasconcellos, F. C. & Cavalcanti, I. F. A. Extreme precipitation over Southeastern Brazil in the austral summer and relations with the Southern Hemisphere annular mode. Atmos. Sci. Lett. 11<\/b>, 21\u201326 (2010).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Smith, D. M. et al. Attribution of multi-annual to decadal changes in the climate system: the Large Ensemble Single Forcing Model Intercomparison Project (LESFMIP). Front. Clim. 4<\/b>, 955414 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Fiddes, S. L., Protat, A., Mallet, M. D., Alexander, S. P. & Woodhouse, M. T. Southern Ocean cloud and shortwave radiation biases in a nudged climate model simulation: does the model ever get it right? Atmos. Chem. Phys. 22<\/b>, 14603\u201314630 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Turner, J. & Comiso, J. Solve Antarctica\u2019s sea-ice puzzle. Nature 547<\/b>, 275\u2013277 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Eyring, V. et al. Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization. Geosci. Model Dev. 9<\/b>, 1937\u20131958 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Mo, K. C. Relationships between low-frequency variability in the Southern Hemisphere and sea surface temperature anomalies. J. Clim. 13<\/b>, 3599\u20133610 (2000).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Schmidt, G. A. et al. Climate forcing reconstructions for use in PMIP simulations of the last millennium (v1.0). Geosci. Model Dev. 4<\/b>, 33\u201345 (2011).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Meier, W., Fetterer, F., & Windnagel, A. NOAA\/NSIDC Climate Data Record of Passive Microwave Sea Ice Concentration, Version 4 (National Snow and Ice Data Center, 2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hersbach, H. et al. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146<\/b>, 1999\u20132049 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Seviour, W. J. M. et al. Skillful seasonal prediction of the Southern Annular Mode and Antarctic ozone. J. Clim. 27<\/b>, 7462\u20137474 (2014).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Trenberth, K. E. The definition of El Ni\u00f1o. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 78<\/b>, 2771\u20132778 (1997).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ashok, K., Behera, S. K., Rao, S. A., Weng, H. & Yamagata, T. El Ni\u00f1o Modoki and its possible teleconnection. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2006JC003798<\/a> (2007).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Thompson, D. W. J. & Wallace, J. M. Annular modes in the extratropical circulation. Part I: month-to-month variability.…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":212073,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[269],"tags":[9132,442,6233,14697,18,440,910,19,17,38373,133],"class_list":{"0":"post-212072","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-environment","8":"tag-atmospheric-science","9":"tag-climate-change","10":"tag-cryospheric-science","11":"tag-earth-sciences","12":"tag-eire","13":"tag-environment","14":"tag-general","15":"tag-ie","16":"tag-ireland","17":"tag-ocean-sciences","18":"tag-science"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@ie\/115652242191868111","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/212072","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=212072"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/212072\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/212073"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=212072"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=212072"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=212072"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}