{"id":245865,"date":"2025-12-22T13:04:15","date_gmt":"2025-12-22T13:04:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/245865\/"},"modified":"2025-12-22T13:04:15","modified_gmt":"2025-12-22T13:04:15","slug":"microplastic-biofilm-as-hotspots-of-antibiotic-resistance-genes-and-potential-pathogens","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/245865\/","title":{"rendered":"Microplastic biofilm as hotspots of antibiotic resistance genes and potential pathogens"},"content":{"rendered":"
  • \n

    Liu, W. et al. A review of the removal of microplastics in global wastewater treatment plants: characteristics and mechanisms. Environ. Int. 146<\/b>, 106277 (2021).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Pfohl, P. et al. Environmental degradation of microplastics: how to measure fragmentation rates to secondary micro- and nanoplastic fragments and dissociation into dissolved organics. Environ. Sci. Technol. 56<\/b>, 11323\u201311334 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Marcharla, E. et al. Microplastics in marine ecosystems: a comprehensive review of biological and ecological implications and its mitigation approach using nanotechnology for the sustainable environment. Environ. Res. 256<\/b>, 119181 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Mennekes, D. & Nowack, B. Predicting microplastic masses in river networks with high spatial resolution at country level. Nat. Water 1<\/b>, 523\u2013533 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Mishra, A. K., Singh, J. & Mishra, P. P. Microplastics in polar regions: an early warning to the world\u2019s pristine ecosystem. Sci. Total Environ. 784<\/b>, 147149 (2021).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Tang, K. H. D. & Hadibarata, T. Microplastics removal through water treatment plants: its feasibility, efficiency, future prospects and enhancement by proper waste management. Environ. Chall. 5<\/b>, 100264 (2021).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Yang, L., Kang, S., Luo, X. & Wang, Z. Microplastics in drinking water: a review on methods, occurrence, sources, and potential risks assessment. Environ. Pollut. 348<\/b>, 123857 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zettler, E. R., Mincer, T. J. & Amaral-Zettler, L. A. Life in the \u201cPlastisphere\u201d: microbial communities on plastic marine debris. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47<\/b>, 7137\u20137146 (2013).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wu, X. et al. Selective enrichment of bacterial pathogens by microplastic biofilm. Water Res. 165<\/b>, 114979 (2019).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kapetanovi\u0107, D. et al. A preliminary study of the cultivable microbiota on the plastic litter collected by commercial fishing trawlers in the south-eastern Adriatic Sea, with emphasis on Vibrio isolates and their antibiotic resistance. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 187<\/b>, 114592 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wang, Z. et al. Plastisphere enrich antibiotic resistance genes and potential pathogenic bacteria in sewage with pharmaceuticals. Sci. Total Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144663<\/a> (2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lin, W. et al. Size effects of microplastics on antibiotic resistome and core microbiome in an urban river. Sci. Total Environ. 919<\/b>, 170716 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Galafassi, S. et al. Contribution of microplastic particles to the spread of resistances and pathogenic bacteria in treated wastewaters. Water Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117368<\/a> (2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wu, X. et al. Integrated metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis reveals actively expressed antibiotic resistomes in the plastisphere. J. Hazard. Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.128418<\/a> (2022).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Perveen, S. et al. Growth and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in microplastic biofilm from wastewater treatment plant effluents. Sci. Total Environ. 856<\/b>, 159024 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wu, L., Dong, J., Shen, Z. & Zhou, Y. Microplastics as vectors for antibiotic resistance: Role of pathogens, heavy metals, and pharmaceuticals and personal care products. J. Water Process Eng. 67<\/b>, 106124 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bouaziz, A., Houfani, A. A., Arab, M. & Baoune, H. in Micro and Nanoplastics in Soil: Threats to Plant-Based Food (eds Maddela, N. R. et al.) 147\u2013161 (Springer International Publishing, 2023).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Rizzo, L. et al. Urban wastewater treatment plants as hotspots for antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes spread into the environment: a review. Sci. Total Environ. 447<\/b>, 345\u2013360 (2013).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Yamahara, S. et al. Open dumping site as a point source of microplastics and plastic additives: a case study in Thailand. Sci. Total Environ. 948<\/b>, 174827 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Gilman, E. et al. Highest risk abandoned, lost and discarded fishing gear. Sci. Rep. 11<\/b>, 7195 (2021).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Talukdar, A., Kundu, P., Bhattacharya, S. & Dutta, N. Microplastic contamination in wastewater: sources, distribution, detection and remediation through physical and chemical-biological methods. Sci. Total Environ. 916<\/b>, 170254 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Yang, T., Luo, J. & Nowack, B. Characterization of nanoplastics, fibrils, and microplastics released during washing and abrasion of polyester textiles. Environ. Sci. Technol. 55<\/b>, 15873\u201315881 (2021).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lusher, A. L., Tirelli, V., O\u2019Connor, I. & Officer, R. Microplastics in Arctic polar waters: the first reported values of particles in surface and sub-surface samples. Sci. Rep. 5<\/b>, 14947 (2015).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Roy, P., Mohanty, A. K. & Misra, M. Microplastics in ecosystems: their implications and mitigation pathways. Environ. Sci. Adv. 1<\/b>, 9\u201329 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Xu, Y. et al. Microplastic pollution in Chinese urban rivers: the influence of urban factors. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 173<\/b>, 105686 (2021).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ward, C. P., Reddy, C. M., Edwards, B. & Perri, S. T. To curb plastic pollution, industry and academia must unite. Nature 625<\/b>, 658\u2013662 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ta, A. T., Babel, S., Nguyen, L. T. P. & Sembiring, E. Microplastic pollution in high population density zones of selected rivers from Southeast Asia. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 112<\/b>, 73 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Chauhan, A. & Banerjee, R. A critical review of microplastic contamination in high altitude ecosystems, transport pathways, ecological risks, and imminent solutions. Water Air Soil Pollut. 236<\/b>, 785 (2025).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    K.L, P. et al. Fate, transport and degradation pathway of microplastics in aquatic environment \u2014 a critical review. Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci. 56<\/b>, 102647 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lebreton, L. C. M. et al. River plastic emissions to the world\u2019s oceans. Nat. Commun. 8<\/b>, 15611 (2017).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Rahman, M. et al. Plastic pollutions in the ocean: their sources, causes, effects and control measures. J. Biol. Stud. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62400\/jbs.v6i1.7755<\/a> (2023).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Jia, J. et al. Biofilm formation on microplastics and interactions with antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes and pathogens in aquatic environment. Eco Environ. Health 3<\/b>, 516\u2013528 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kal\u010d\u00edkov\u00e1, G., Skalar, T., Marolt, G. & Jemec Kokalj, A. An environmental concentration of aged microplastics with adsorbed silver significantly affects aquatic organisms. Water Res. 175<\/b>, 115644 (2020).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wang, Y. et al. Biofilm alters tetracycline and copper adsorption behaviors onto polyethylene microplastics. Chem. Eng. J. 392<\/b>, 123808 (2020).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lim, J.-H. & Kang, J.-W. Assessing biofilm formation and resistance of vibrio parahaemolyticus on UV-aged microplastics in aquatic environments. Water Res. 254<\/b>, 121379 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Han, X. et al. Effects of erythromycin on biofilm formation and resistance mutation of Escherichia coli on pristine and UV-aged polystyrene microplastics. Water Res. 256<\/b>, 121628 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Xu, Y., Ou, Q., van der Hoek, J. P., Liu, G. & Lompe, K. M. Photo-oxidation of micro- and nanoplastics: physical, chemical, and biological effects in environments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 58<\/b>, 991\u20131009 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ye, T. et al. Changes of the physicochemical properties of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from Microcystis aeruginosa in response to microplastics. Environ. Pollut. 315<\/b>, 120354 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Flemming, H. C. & Wingender, J. The biofilm matrix. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 8<\/b>, 623\u2013633 (2010).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Dang, H. & Lovell, C. R. Microbial surface colonization and biofilm development in marine environments. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 80<\/b>, 91\u2013138 (2016).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Fortin, S. G., Uhlig, K., Hale, R. C. & Song, B. Microplastic biofilms as potential hotspots for plastic biodegradation and nitrogen cycling: a metagenomic perspective. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsec\/fiaf035<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lin, H. et al. A critical review of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) in membrane bioreactors: Characteristics, roles in membrane fouling and control strategies. J. Membr. Sci. 460<\/b>, 110\u2013125 (2014).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Akkanen, J. et al. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry (ed. Akkanen, J.) 511\u2013512 (Springer International Publishing, 2010).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Toyofuku, M. et al. Environmental factors that shape biofilm formation. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 80<\/b>, 7\u201312 (2016).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Flemming, H.-C. et al. Biofilms: an emergent form of bacterial life. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 14<\/b>, 563\u2013575 (2016).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kaplan, J. B. Biofilm dispersal: mechanisms, clinical implications, and potential therapeutic uses. J. Dent. Res. 89<\/b>, 205\u2013218 (2010).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    McCormick, A. et al. Microplastic is an abundant and distinct microbial habitat in an urban river. Environ. Sci. Technol. 48<\/b>, 11863\u201311871 (2014).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Fr\u00e8re, L. et al. Microplastic bacterial communities in the Bay of Brest: influence of polymer type and size. Environ. Pollut. 242<\/b>, 614\u2013625 (2018).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    De Tender, C. A. et al. Bacterial community profiling of plastic litter in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Environ. Sci. Technol. 49<\/b>, 9629\u20139638 (2015).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ogonowski, M. et al. Evidence for selective bacterial community structuring on microplastics. Environ. Microbiol. 20<\/b>, 2796\u20132808 (2018).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Sun, X. et al. Impact of mariculture-derived microplastics on bacterial biofilm formation and their potential threat to mariculture: a case in situ study on the Sungo Bay, China. Environ. Pollut. 262<\/b>, 114336 (2020).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Miao, L. et al. Distinct community structure and microbial functions of biofilms colonizing microplastics. Sci. Total Environ. 650<\/b>, 2395\u20132402 (2019).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hu, H. et al. Distinct profile of bacterial community and antibiotic resistance genes on microplastics in Ganjiang River at the watershed level. Environ. Res. 200<\/b>, 111363 (2021).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kettner, M. T. et al. Microplastics alter composition of fungal communities in aquatic ecosystems. Environ. Microbiol. 19<\/b>, 4447\u20134459 (2017).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wang, J. et al. The behaviors of microplastics in the marine environment. Mar. Environ. Res. 113<\/b>, 7\u201317 (2016).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ali, S. S. et al. Plastic wastes biodegradation: mechanisms, challenges and future prospects. Sci. Total Environ. 780<\/b>, 146590 (2021).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Shah, A. A., Hasan, F., Hameed, A. & Ahmed, S. Biological degradation of plastics: a comprehensive review. Biotechnol. Adv. 26<\/b>, 246\u2013265 (2008).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Asiandu, A., Wahyudi, A. & Sari, S. Aquatic plastics waste biodegradation using plastic degrading microbes. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Food Sci. 11<\/b>, e3724 (2021).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Tsiota, P. et al., Microbial degradation of HDPE secondary microplastics: preliminary results (ed. Tsiota, P.) 181\u2013188 (Springer International Publishing, 2018).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Summers, S. et al. Identification of the bacterial community that degrades phenanthrene sorbed to polystyrene nanoplastics using DNA-based stable isotope probing. Sci. Rep. 14<\/b>, 5229 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Okamoto, S., Kojiyama, K., Tsujioka, H. & Sudo, A. Metal-free reductive coupling of C=O and C=N bonds driven by visible light: use of perylene as a simple photoredox catalyst. Chem. Commun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c6cc05867a<\/a> (2016).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kirstein, I. V., Wichels, A., Krohne, G. & Gerdts, G. Mature biofilm communities on synthetic polymers in seawater – specific or general?. Mar. Environ. Res. 142<\/b>, 147\u2013154 (2018).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bao, Y., Liu, G. & Yao, H. Microplastic aging mediates bacterial and antibiotic resistance gene composition in plastisphere and the associated soil solution. Environ. Pollut. 385<\/b>, 127134 (2025).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bao, R. et al. Secondary microplastics formation and colonized microorganisms on the surface of conventional and degradable plastic granules during long-term UV aging in various environmental media. J. Hazard. Mater. 439<\/b>, 129686 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Oberbeckmann, S., Kreikemeyer, B. & Labrenz, M. Environmental factors support the formation of specific bacterial assemblages on microplastics. Front. Microbiol. 8<\/b>, 2709 (2017).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kirstein, I. V. et al. Dangerous hitchhikers? Evidence for potentially pathogenic Vibrio spp. on microplastic particles. Mar. Environ. Res. 120<\/b>, 1\u20138 (2016).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Baker-Austin, C., Stockley, L., Rangdale, R. & Martinez-Urtaza, J. Environmental occurrence and clinical impact of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a European perspective. Environ. Microbiol. Rep. 2<\/b>, 7\u201318 (2010).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Oberbeckmann, S., L\u00f6der, M. & Labrenz, M. Marine microplastic-associated biofilms – a review. Environ. Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/en15069<\/a> (2015).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Jiang, P., Zhao, S., Zhu, L. & Li, D. Microplastic-associated bacterial assemblages in the intertidal zone of the Yangtze Estuary. Sci. Total Environ. 624<\/b>, 48\u201352 (2018).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Chen, H. et al. Microplastic surface biofilms: a review of structural assembly, influencing factors, and ecotoxicity. Front. Mar. Sci. 12<\/b>, 1701766 (2025).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Smith, V. H. & Schindler, D. W. Eutrophication science: where do we go from here?. Trends Ecol. Evol. 24<\/b>, 201\u2013207 (2009).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Mougi, A. pH Adaptation stabilizes bacterial communities. npj Biodivers. 3<\/b>, 32 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Nguyen, H. T., Choi, W., Kim, E.-J. & Cho, K. Microbial community niches on microplastics and prioritized environmental factors under various urban riverine conditions. Sci. Total Environ. 849<\/b>, 157781 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Amaral-Zettler, L. A., Zettler, E. R. & Mincer, T. J. Ecology of the plastisphere. Nat. Rev. Microbiol 18<\/b>, 139\u2013151 (2020).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Li, W. et al. Colonization characteristics of bacterial communities on plastic debris influenced by environmental factors and polymer types in the Haihe Estuary of Bohai Bay, China. Environ. Sci. Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.9b03659<\/a> (2019).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wang, C. et al. Effects of tidal action on the stability of microbiota, antibiotic resistance genes, and microplastics in the Pearl River Estuary, Guangzhou, China. Chemosphere 327<\/b>, 138485 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zheng, J. et al. High-throughput profiling of seasonal variations of antibiotic resistance gene transport in a peri-urban river. Environ. Int. 114<\/b>, 87\u201394 (2018).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhao, Y. et al. Responses of bacterial communities and resistance genes on microplastics to antibiotics and heavy metals in sewage environment. J. Hazard. Mater. 402<\/b>, 123550 (2021).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wang, J. et al. PAHs accelerate the propagation of antibiotic resistance genes in coastal water microbial community. Environ. Pollut. 231<\/b>, 1145\u20131152 (2017).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Marguerettaz, M. et al. Sputum containing zinc enhances carbapenem resistance, biofilm formation and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microb. Pathog. 77<\/b>, 36\u201341 (2014).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Michaelis, C. & Grohmann, E. Horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in biofilms. Antibiotics https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics12020328<\/a> (2023).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    McCormick, A. et al. Microplastic in surface waters of urban rivers: Concentration, sources, and associated bacterial assemblages. Ecosphere 7<\/b>, e01556 (2016).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bydalek, F. et al. Microplastic biofilm, associated pathogen and antimicrobial resistance dynamics through a wastewater treatment process incorporating a constructed wetland. Water Res. 235<\/b>, 119936 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Shi, J., Wu, D., Su, Y. & Xie, B. (Nano)microplastics promote the propagation of antibiotic resistance genes in landfill leachate.Environ. Sci. Nano 7<\/b>, 3536\u20133546 (2020).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhang, H. et al. Foam shares antibiotic resistomes and bacterial pathogens with activated sludge in wastewater treatment plants. J. Hazard. Mater. 408<\/b>, 124855 (2021).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Junaid, M., Liu, X., Wu, Y. & Wang, J. Selective enrichment of antibiotic resistome and bacterial pathogens by aquatic microplastics. J. Hazard. Mater. Adv. 7<\/b>, 100106 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Mart\u00ednez-Campos, S. et al. Early and differential bacterial colonization on microplastics deployed into the effluents of wastewater treatment plants. Sci. Total Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143832<\/a> (2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Parrish, K. & Fahrenfeld, N. L. Microplastic biofilm in fresh- and wastewater as a function of microparticle type and size class. Environ. Sci. Water Res. Technol. 5<\/b>, 495\u2013505 (2019).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Shi, J., Wu, D., Su, Y. & Xie, B. Selective enrichment of antibiotic resistance genes and pathogens on polystyrene microplastics in landfill leachate. Sci. Total Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142775<\/a> (2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Su, Y. et al. Microplastics act as vectors for antibiotic resistance genes in landfill leachate: The enhanced roles of the long-term aging process. Environ. Pollut. 270<\/b>, 116278 (2021).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhong, H. et al. The hidden risk of microplastic-associated pathogens in aquatic environments. Eco Environ. Health 2<\/b>, 142\u2013151 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Massahi, T. et al. Microplastic occurrence and its potential role as a carrier for SARS-CoV-2 in health center wastewater treatment plant and surface water. J. Sea Res. 198<\/b>, 102477 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Luppens Suzanne, B. I. et al. Development of a standard test to assess the resistance of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm cells to disinfectants. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68<\/b>, 4194\u20134200 (2002).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Di Pippo, F. et al. Plastisphere in lake waters: microbial diversity, biofilm structure, and potential implications for freshwater ecosystems. Environ. Pollut. 310<\/b>, 119876 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Xu, C. et al. Lake plastisphere as a new biotope in the Anthropocene: potential pathogen colonization and distinct microbial functionality. J. Hazard. Mater. 461<\/b>, 132693 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Jiang, P., Zhao, S., Zhu, L. & Li, D. Microplastic-associated bacterial assemblages in the intertidal zone of the Yangtze Estuary. Sci. Total Environ. 624<\/b>, 48\u201354 (2018).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Laverty, A. L. et al. Bacterial biofilms colonizing plastics in estuarine waters, with an emphasis on Vibrio spp. and their antibacterial resistance. PLoS ONE https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0237704<\/a> (2020).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wang, S. et al. Selectively enrichment of antibiotics and ARGs by microplastics in river, estuary and marine waters. Sci. Total Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134594<\/a> (2020).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Guo, X. P. et al. Antibiotic resistance genes in biofilms on plastic wastes in an estuarine environment. Sci. Total Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140916<\/a> (2020).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Li, R. et al. Viral metagenome reveals microbial hosts and the associated antibiotic resistome on microplastics. Nat. Water 2<\/b>, 553\u2013565 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Niu, L. et al. Diversity and potential functional characteristics of phage communities colonizing microplastic biofilms. Environ. Res. 219<\/b>, 115103 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhao, H. et al. Interaction between microplastics and pathogens in subsurface system: what we know so far. Water 16<\/b>, 499 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Dika, C. et al. Non-DLVO adhesion of F-specific RNA bacteriophages to abiotic surfaces: Importance of surface roughness, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 435<\/b>, 178\u2013187 (2013).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Williams, K. et al. Relationship between organic carbon and opportunistic pathogens in simulated glass water heaters. Pathogens 4<\/b>, 355\u2013372 (2015).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Razmi, N. et al. Monitoring the effect of pH on the growth of pathogenic bacteria using electrical impedance spectroscopy. Results Eng. 20<\/b>, 101425 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Rosales, D. et al. Investigating the relationship between nitrate, total dissolved nitrogen, and phosphate with abundance of pathogenic vibrios and harmful algal blooms in Rehoboth Bay, delaware. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 88<\/b>, e0035622 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Sheridan, E. A. et al. Plastic pollution fosters more microbial growth in lakes than natural organic matter. Nat. Commun. 13<\/b>, 4175 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Yin, L.-Z. et al. Deciphering the pathogenic risks of microplastics as emerging particulate organic matter in aquatic ecosystem. J. Hazard. Mater. 474<\/b>, 134728 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Sobrinho Pde, S., Destro, M. T., Franco, B. D. & Landgraf, M. Correlation between environmental factors and prevalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters harvested in the southern coastal area of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76<\/b>, 1290\u20131293 (2010).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Li, H. et al. Watershed urbanization enhances the enrichment of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes on microplastics in the water environment. Environ. Pollut. 313<\/b>, 120185 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hoellein, T. et al. Anthropogenic litter in urban freshwater ecosystems: distribution and microbial interactions. PLoS ONE 9<\/b>, e98485 (2014).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Beloe, C. J., Browne, M. A. & Johnston, E. L. Plastic debris as a vector for bacterial disease: an interdisciplinary systematic review. Environ. Sci. Technol. 56<\/b>, 2950\u20132958 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Sheffey, H. L., Barshis, D. J., Bochdansky, A. B. & Dobbs, F. C. Do microplastics, Vibrio bacteria, and warming water temperatures impact the health and physiology of the Northern Star Coral, Astrangia poculata?. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 217<\/b>, 118066 (2025).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Chen, X. et al. Combined effects of microplastics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria on Daphnia magna growth and expression of functional genes. Sci. Total Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166880<\/a> (2023).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Cho, Y. et al. Abundance and characteristics of microplastics in market bivalves from South Korea. Environ. Pollut. 245<\/b>, 1107\u20131116 (2019).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    McIlwraith, H. K. et al. Evidence of microplastic translocation in wild-caught fish and implications for microplastic accumulation dynamics in food webs. Environ. Sci. Technol. 55<\/b>, 12372\u201312382 (2021).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Radisic, V., Nimje, P. S., Bienfait, A. M. & Marathe, N. P. Marine plastics from norwegian west coast carry potentially virulent fish pathogens and opportunistic human pathogens harboring new variants of antibiotic resistance genes. Microorganisms https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms8081200<\/a> (2020).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bissen, R. & Chawchai, S. Microplastics on beaches along the eastern Gulf of Thailand \u2013 a preliminary study. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 157<\/b>, 111345 (2020).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Metcalf, R. et al. From wastewater discharge to the beach: survival of human pathogens bound to microplastics during transfer through the freshwater-marine continuum. Environ. Pollut. 319<\/b>, 120955 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhang, E. et al. Association of zoonotic protozoan parasites with microplastics in seawater and implications for human and wildlife health. Sci. Rep. 12<\/b>, 6532 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wang, C. et al. Polystyrene microplastics significantly facilitate influenza A virus infection of host cells. J. Hazard. Mater. 446<\/b>, 130617 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Leighton, R. E. et al. Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in vitro colonization on plastics influenced by temperature and strain variability. Front. Microbiol. 13<\/b>, 1099502 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Liang, X. et al. Buoyant polyethylene rope fragments may enhance pathogenic bacteria dispersion in aquaculture water. Environ. Chem. Ecotoxicol. 7<\/b>, 2017\u20132032 (2025).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Maquart, P. O., Froehlich, Y. & Boyer, S. Plastic pollution and infectious diseases. Lancet Planet. Health 6<\/b>, e842\u2013e845 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Seeley, M. E. et al. Microplastics exacerbate virus-mediated mortality in fish. Sci. Total Environ. 866<\/b>, 161191 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lu, J., Yu, Z., Ngiam, L. & Guo, J. Microplastics as potential carriers of viruses could prolong virus survival and infectivity. Water Res. 225<\/b>, 119115 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Moresco, V. et al. Binding, recovery, and infectiousness of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses associated with plastic pollution in surface water. Environ. Pollut. 308<\/b>, 119594 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Pham, D. N., Clark, L. & Li, M. Microplastics as hubs enriching antibiotic-resistant bacteria and pathogens in municipal activated sludge. J. Hazard. Mater. Lett. 2<\/b>, 100014 (2021).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Uluseker, C. et al. A review on occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance in wastewaters and in wastewater treatment plants: mechanisms and perspectives. Front. Microbiol. 12<\/b>, 717809 (2021).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wang, Y. et al. Antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in the plastisphere in wastewater treatment plant effluent: Health risk quantification and driving mechanism interpretation. Water Res. 271<\/b>, 122896 (2025).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Guo, J. et al. Metagenomic analysis reveals wastewater treatment plants as hotspots of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements. Water Res. 123<\/b>, 468\u2013478 (2017).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Tulloch, C. L. et al. Microbial communities colonising plastics during transition from the wastewater treatment plant to marine waters. Environ. Microbiome 19<\/b>, 27 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Stapleton, M. J., Ansari, A. J. & Hai, F. I. Antibiotic sorption onto microplastics in water: a critical review of the factors, mechanisms and implications. Water Res. 233<\/b>, 119790 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Gillieatt, B. F. & Coleman, N. V. Unravelling the mechanisms of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance co-selection in environmental bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsre\/fuae017<\/a> (2024).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wang, H. et al. Microplastic biofilm: an important microniche that may accelerate the spread of antibiotic resistance genes via natural transformation. J. Hazard. Mater. 459<\/b>, 132085 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    M\u00fcller, N. D., Kirtane, A., Schefer, R. B. & Mitrano, D. M. eDNA adsorption onto microplastics: impacts of water chemistry and polymer physiochemical properties. Environ. Sci. Technol. 58<\/b>, 7588\u20137599 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Sivalingam, P. et al. Microplastics, nanoplastics and nanoparticles: emerging dynamic carriers of extracellular DNA antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. BioNanoScience 15<\/b>, 198 (2025).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ellabaan, M. M. H. et al. Forecasting the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes across bacterial genomes. Nat. Commun. 12<\/b>, 2435 (2021).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Carattoli, A. Plasmids and the spread of resistance. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 303<\/b>, 298\u2013304 (2013).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Partridge, S. R., Kwong, S. M., Firth, N. & Jensen, S. O. Mobile genetic elements associated with antimicrobial resistance. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.00088-17<\/a> (2018).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Liu, X. et al. Do microplastic biofilms promote the evolution and co-selection of antibiotic and metal resistance genes and their associations with bacterial communities under antibiotic and metal pressures? J. Hazard. Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127285<\/a> (2022).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Jia, J. et al. Occurrence and distribution of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in Ba River, China. Sci. Total Environ. 642<\/b>, 1136\u20131144 (2018).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wang, Z. et al. Discrepant responses of polyvinyl chloride microplastics biofilms and activated sludge under sulfadiazine stress in an anaerobic\/anoxic\/oxic system. Chem. Eng. J. 446<\/b>, 137055 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Baker-Austin, C., Wright, M. S., Stepanauskas, R. & McArthur, J. V. Co-selection of antibiotic and metal resistance. Trends Microbiol. 14<\/b>, 176\u2013182 (2006).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Dong, H. et al. Interactions of microplastics and antibiotic resistance genes and their effects on the aquaculture environments. J. Hazard. Mater. 403<\/b>, 123961 (2021).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lin, X. et al. Oxytetracycline and heavy metals promote the migration of resistance genes in the intestinal microbiome by plasmid transfer. ISME J. 17<\/b>, 2003\u20132013 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ding, P. et al. Antidepressants promote the spread of antibiotic resistance via horizontally conjugative gene transfer. Environ. Microbiol. 24<\/b>, 5261\u20135276 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wales, A. D. & Davies, R. H. Co-Selection of resistance to antibiotics, biocides and heavy metals, and its relevance to foodborne pathogens. Antibiotics 4<\/b>, 567\u2013604 (2015).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhao, Y. et al. Distinct bacterial communities and resistance genes enriched by triclocarban-contaminated polyethylene microplastics in antibiotics and heavy metals polluted sewage environment. Sci. Total Environ. 839<\/b>, 156330 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wang, G. et al. Composting temperature directly affects the removal of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in livestock manure. Environ. Pollut. 303<\/b>, 119174 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Yu, Q. et al. Metagenomics reveals the response of antibiotic resistance genes to elevated temperature in the Yellow River. Sci. Total Environ. 859<\/b>, 160324 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Son, D. I. et al. Seasonal changes in antibiotic resistance genes in rivers and reservoirs in South Korea. J. Environ. Qual. 47<\/b>, 1079\u20131085 (2018).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Cui, G. et al. Temperature impacts fate of antibiotic resistance genes during vermicomposting of domestic excess activated sludge. Environ. Res. 207<\/b>, 112654 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Jones, E. M., Cochrane, C. A. & Percival, S. L. The effect of pH on the extracellular matrix and biofilms. Adv. Wound Care 4<\/b>, 431\u2013439 (2015).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Huang, H. et al. Distribution of tetracycline resistance genes in anaerobic treatment of waste sludge: the role of pH in regulating tetracycline resistant bacteria and horizontal gene transfer. Bioresour. Technol. 218<\/b>, 1284\u20131289 (2016).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Chen, Y. R. et al. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their associated environmental factors in the Yangtze Estuary, China: from inlet to outlet. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 158<\/b>, 111360 (2020).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bergholz Teresa, M., Tang, S., Wiedmann, M. & Boor Kathryn, J. Nisin resistance of Listeria monocytogenes is increased by exposure to salt stress and is mediated via LiaR. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 79<\/b>, 5682\u20135688 (2013).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhang, Y. J. et al. Salinity as a predominant factor modulating the distribution patterns of antibiotic resistance genes in ocean and river beach soils. Sci. Total Environ. 668<\/b>, 193\u2013203 (2019).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wu, Z., Li, M., Qu, L., Zhang, C. & Xie, W. Metagenomic insights into microbial adaptation to the salinity gradient of a typical short residence-time estuary. Microbiome 12<\/b>, 115 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Salgar-Chaparro, S. J., Lepkova, K., Pojtanabuntoeng, T., Darwin, A. & Machuca, L. L. Nutrient level determines biofilm characteristics and subsequent impact on microbial corrosion and biocide effectiveness. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.02885-19<\/a> (2020).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Liu, S., Liu, B., Zhu, Y., Qiu, Y. & Li, B. The spatial\u2013temporal effects of bacterial growth substrates on antibiotic resistance gene spread in the biofilm. Antibiotics 12<\/b>, 1154 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Guo, X. P. et al. Biofilms as a sink for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the Yangtze Estuary. Water Res. 129<\/b>, 277\u2013286 (2018).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Guo, X. -p et al. Antibiotic resistance genes in biofilms on plastic wastes in an estuarine environment. Sci. Total Environ. 745<\/b>, 140916 (2020).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Silva, I., Rodrigues, E. T., Tac\u00e3o, M. & Henriques, I. Microplastics accumulate priority antibiotic-resistant pathogens: evidence from the riverine plastisphere. Environ. Pollut. 332<\/b>, 121995 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Li, K. et al. Potential environmental risks of field bio\/non-degradable microplastic from mulching residues in farmland: evidence from metagenomic analysis of plastisphere. J. Hazard. Mater. 465<\/b>, 133428 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Junaid, M. et al. Enrichment and dissemination of bacterial pathogens by microplastics in the aquatic environment. Sci. Total Environ. 830<\/b>, 154720 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Imran, M., Das, K. R. & Naik, M. M. Co-selection of multi-antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens in metal and microplastic contaminated environments: An emerging health threat. Chemosphere 215<\/b>, 846\u2013857 (2019).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Song, J. et al. The travelling particles: Investigating microplastics as possible transport vectors for multidrug resistant E. coli in the Weser estuary (Germany). Sci. Total Environ. 720<\/b>, 137603 (2020).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Yu, Z. et al. Nonnutritive sweeteners can promote the dissemination of antibiotic resistance through conjugative gene transfer. ISME J. 15<\/b>, 2117\u20132130 (2021).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhai, X., Zhang, X.-H. & Yu, M. Microbial colonization and degradation of marine microplastics in the plastisphere: a review. Front. Microbiol. 14<\/b>, 1127308 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Gangadoo, S. et al. Nano-plastics and their analytical characterisation and fate in the marine environment: From source to sea. Sci. Total Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138792<\/a> (2020).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Seltenrich, N. New link in the food chain? Marine plastic pollution and seafood safety. Environ. Health Perspect. 123<\/b>, A34\u2013A41 (2015).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bowley, J., Baker-Austin, C., Porter, A., Hartnell, R. & Lewis, C. Oceanic hitchhikers \u2013 assessing pathogen risks from marine microplastic. Trends Microbiol. 29<\/b>, 107\u2013116 (2021).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Liang, L. et al. Effect of microplastics concentration and size on pollutants removal and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) generation in constructed wetlands: a metagenomics insight. J. Hazard. Mater. 481<\/b>, 136555 (2025).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wu, R. et al. Hi-C metagenome sequencing reveals soil phage-host interactions. Nat. Commun. 14<\/b>, 7666 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kawano-Sugaya, T. et al. A single amplified genome catalog reveals the dynamics of mobilome and resistome in the human microbiome. Microbiome 12<\/b>, 188 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kocsm\u00e1r, \u00c9. et al. Primary and secondary clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori and mathematical modeling of the role of macrolides. Nat. Commun. 12<\/b>, 2255 (2021).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhai, K. et al. Free radicals on aging microplastics regulated the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in the aquatic environment: new insight into the effect of microplastics on the spreading of biofilm resistomes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 59<\/b>, 11735\u201311744 (2025).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Murray, C. J. L. et al. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet 399<\/b>, 629\u2013655 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Meijer, L. J. J. et al. More than 1000 rivers account for 80% of global riverine plastic emissions into the ocean. Sci. Adv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aaz5803<\/a> (2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Liu, S. et al. Temporal and spatial variation of microplastics in the urban rivers of Harbin. Sci. Total Environ. 910<\/b>, 168373 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Liu, Q. et al. Homogenization of microplastics in alpine rivers: analysis of microplastic abundance and characteristics in rivers of Qilian Mountain, China. J. Environ. Manag. 340<\/b>, 118011 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wang, W., Yuan, W., Chen, Y. & Wang, J. Microplastics in surface waters of Dongting Lake and Hong Lake, China. Sci. Total Environ. 633<\/b>, 539\u2013545 (2018).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Mughini-Gras, L. et al. Riverine microplastic and microbial community compositions: a field study in the Netherlands. Water Res. 192<\/b>, 116852 (2021).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Farooq, M. et al. Abundance and characteristics of microplastics in a freshwater river in northwestern Himalayas, India – scenario of riverbank solid waste disposal sites. Sci. Total Environ. 886<\/b>, 164027 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Yang, L. et al. Microplastics in the Koshi River, a remote alpine river crossing the Himalayas from China to Nepal. Environ. Pollut. 290<\/b>, 118121 (2021).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Xiao, S. et al. Bacterial community succession and the enrichment of antibiotic resistance genes on microplastics in an oyster farm. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 194<\/b>, 115402 (2023).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Magalh\u00e3es, E. A. et al. Beach sand plastispheres are hotspots for antibiotic resistance genes and potentially pathogenic bacteria even in beaches with good water quality. Environ. Pollut. 344<\/b>, 123237 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Shi, J., Wu, D., Su, Y. & Xie, B. Selective enrichment of antibiotic resistance genes and pathogens on polystyrene microplastics in landfill leachate. Sci. Total Environ. 765<\/b>, 142775 (2021).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Liu, W. et al. A review of the removal of microplastics in global wastewater treatment plants: characteristics and…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":245866,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[78],"tags":[18,910,135,475,19,17,3544,4383,6105,6720,10926],"class_list":{"0":"post-245865","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-health","8":"tag-eire","9":"tag-general","10":"tag-health","11":"tag-health-care","12":"tag-ie","13":"tag-ireland","14":"tag-life-sciences","15":"tag-medical-microbiology","16":"tag-microbial-ecology","17":"tag-microbial-genetics-and-genomics","18":"tag-microbiology"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@ie\/115763368910716675","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245865","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=245865"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245865\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/245866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=245865"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=245865"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=245865"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}