Item 1 of 3 A piece of tissue from a woolly rhinoceros that was found inside the stomach of an Ice Age grey wolf puppy discovered in permafrost near the Russian village of Tumat in northeastern Siberia is seen in a laboratory in Vienna, Austria, in this handout picture taken in 2020. Love Dalen \/Handout via REUTERS <\/p>\n
[1\/3]<\/b>A piece of tissue from a woolly rhinoceros that was found inside the stomach of an Ice Age grey wolf puppy discovered in permafrost near the Russian village of Tumat in northeastern Siberia is seen in a laboratory in Vienna, Austria, in this handout picture taken in 2020. Love Dalen \/Handout via… Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab<\/a> Read more<\/p>\n Jan 14 (Reuters) – About 14,400 years ago, a weeks-old wolf puppy ate its last meal – meat from a woolly rhinoceros – shortly before dying on the harsh Ice Age landscape<\/a> of northeastern Siberia.<\/p>\n In a first, researchers have extracted DNA and recovered the rhino’s genome from a chunk of undigested meat from the stomach contents found in the puppy’s remains, discovered in permafrost near the village of Tumat. These genome findings provided insight into the fate of this impressive cold-adapted horned herbivore species once common in northern Europe and Asia.<\/p>\n Sign up here.<\/a><\/p>\n The researchers compared this rhino’s genome to those of two other individuals from the same species that lived thousands of years earlier – about 18,000 and 49,000 years ago – to examine genetic changes over time. In doing so, they learned that the woolly rhinoceros as a species remained genetically healthy until the end of the Ice Age before apparently suffering a rapid population collapse, probably because the warming climate erased their preferred steppe-tundra environment.<\/p>\n For instance, the newly recovered genome showed no evidence of inbreeding suggestive of population decline. Other research has indicated that the woolly rhinoceros disappeared about 14,000 years ago, just a few hundred years after this individual lived.<\/p>\n “With this research we demonstrate that it is possible to recover a high-quality genome from poorly preserved material dating to a crucial time in the life history of a species,” said evolutionary geneticist Solveig Gudjonsdottir, lead author of the study, opens new tab<\/a> published on Wednesday in the journal Genome Biology and Evolution.<\/p>\n “It is a very cool achievement,” said evolutionary geneticist and study co-senior author Love Dal\u00e9n of the Centre for Palaeogenetics, a collaboration between Stockholm University and the Swedish Museum of Natural History.<\/p>\n The woolly rhinoceros, whose species name is Coelodonta antiquitatis, first appears in the fossil record about 600,000 years ago. It became one of the many large mammals to go extinct around the end of the last Ice Age, along with such species as woolly mammoths, saber-toothed cats, mastodons and giant ground sloths, all of which faced ominous environmental changes as the climate warmed, as well as pressure from human hunting.<\/p>\n “The woolly rhinoceros was a large animal, reaching up to around 2 meters (7 feet) tall, and was covered in thick, long fur,” said Gudjonsdottir, who worked on the study while a master’s student at Stockholm University.<\/p>\n “It had two horns, a large hump on its back, a stocky build and relatively short legs. The species was primarily a grazer, feeding on grass and low vegetation adapted to cold, dry environments,” Gudjonsdottir added.<\/p>\n It was much bigger than its closest living relative, the Sumatran rhino<\/a>.The rhino lacked the kind of genomic signature that would be caused by the inbreeding likely to occur with a slow population decline, as was observed in the last-known woolly mammoths<\/a> that lived thousands of years later.<\/p>\n “The main finding is that we see no change in genetic diversity and inbreeding levels through the last several tens of thousands of years leading up to the woolly rhino’s extinction,” Dal\u00e9n said.<\/p>\n This, Dal\u00e9n added, suggests that “whatever caused the extinction, it was rapid.”<\/p>\n “Since humans had already been present in the region for about 15,000 years prior to the extinction, without causing a decline in the population, we think that the well-known climate warming at about 14,000 years ago is a more likely explanation for the extinction,” Dal\u00e9n said.<\/p>\n “We can’t rule out that humans contributed to the final extinction of the woolly rhinoceros, particularly towards the very end. However, there is limited archaeological evidence for widespread or intensified hunting,” Gudjonsdottir said.<\/p>\n The naturally mummified remains of two female grey wolf puppies, each around seven to nine weeks old, were found during the 2010s near Tumat in an excellent state of preservation.<\/p>\n The one with the rhino meat in its stomach must have died shortly after eating that meal, considering that the meat had not been digested, the researchers said.<\/p>\n “Analyses of the stomach contents indicate that the puppies were still ingesting milk, which suggests the meat was likely provided by their mother or other members of their pack,” Gudjonsdottir said. “The adult wolf may have obtained the meat either by scavenging a carcass or through hunting.”<\/p>\n Reporting by Will Dunham in Washington, Editing by Rosalba O’Brien<\/p>\n Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles., opens new tab<\/a><\/p>\n\n