{"id":352506,"date":"2026-02-23T19:14:11","date_gmt":"2026-02-23T19:14:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/352506\/"},"modified":"2026-02-23T19:14:11","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T19:14:11","slug":"the-dramatic-transition-of-the-extreme-red-supergiant-woh-g64-to-a-yellow-hypergiant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/352506\/","title":{"rendered":"The dramatic transition of the extreme red supergiant WOH\u2009G64 to a yellow hypergiant"},"content":{"rendered":"<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"1.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">Meynet, G. &amp; Maeder, A. Stellar evolution with rotation. X. Wolf\u2013Rayet star populations at solar metallicity. Astron. Astrophys. <b>404<\/b>, 975\u2013990 (2003).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361:20030512\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361:20030512\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20030512\" aria-label=\"Article reference 1\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361:20030512\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2003A%26A...404..975M\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 1\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 1\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Stellar%20evolution%20with%20rotation.%20X.%20Wolf%E2%80%93Rayet%20star%20populations%20at%20solar%20metallicity&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20030512&amp;volume=404&amp;pages=975-990&amp;publication_year=2003&amp;author=Meynet%2CG&amp;author=Maeder%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"2.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">Ekstr\u00f6m, S. et al. Grids of stellar models with rotation. I. Models from 0.8 to 120 M\u2299 at solar metallicity (Z = 0.014). Astron. Astrophys. <b>537<\/b>, A146 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201117751\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201117751\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201117751\" aria-label=\"Article reference 2\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201117751\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 2\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Grids%20of%20stellar%20models%20with%20rotation.%20I.%20Models%20from%200.8%20to%20120%20M%E2%8A%99%20at%20solar%20metallicity%20%28Z%20%3D%200.014%29&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201117751&amp;volume=537&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Ekstr%C3%B6m%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"3.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">Levesque, E. M. Astrophysics of Red Supergiants 2514\u20133433 (IOP, 2017); <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/978-0-7503-1329-2\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1088\/978-0-7503-1329-2\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/978-0-7503-1329-2<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"4.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">Van Dyk, S. D. Red supergiants as supernova progenitors. Galaxies <b>13<\/b>, 33 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3390\/galaxies13020033\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3390\/galaxies13020033\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390%2Fgalaxies13020033\" aria-label=\"Article reference 4\" data-doi=\"10.3390\/galaxies13020033\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025Galax..13...33V\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 4\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Red%20supergiants%20as%20supernova%20progenitors&amp;journal=Galaxies&amp;doi=10.3390%2Fgalaxies13020033&amp;volume=13&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Dyk%2CSD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"5.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR5\">Li, W. et al. Identification of the red supergiant progenitor of supernova 2005cs: do the progenitors of type II-P supernovae have low mass? Astrophys. J. <b>641<\/b>, 1060\u20131070 (2006).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/499916\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/499916\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F499916\" aria-label=\"Article reference 5\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/499916\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2006ApJ...641.1060L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 5\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 5\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Identification%20of%20the%20red%20supergiant%20progenitor%20of%20supernova%202005cs%3A%20do%20the%20progenitors%20of%20type%20II-P%20supernovae%20have%20low%20mass%3F&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1086%2F499916&amp;volume=641&amp;pages=1060-1070&amp;publication_year=2006&amp;author=Li%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"6.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR6\">Kochanek, C. S. et al. A survey about nothing: monitoring a million supergiants for failed supernovae. Astrophys. J. <b>684<\/b>, 1336\u20131342 (2008).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/590053\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/590053\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F590053\" aria-label=\"Article reference 6\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/590053\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2008ApJ...684.1336K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 6\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 6\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20survey%20about%20nothing%3A%20monitoring%20a%20million%20supergiants%20for%20failed%20supernovae&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1086%2F590053&amp;volume=684&amp;pages=1336-1342&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=Kochanek%2CCS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"7.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR7\">Smartt, S. J., Eldridge, J. J., Crockett, R. M. &amp; Maund, J. R. The death of massive stars\u2014I. Observational constraints on the progenitors of type II-P supernovae. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. <b>395<\/b>, 1409\u20131437 (2009).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2009.14506.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2009.14506.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2009.14506.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 7\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2009.14506.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2009MNRAS.395.1409S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 7\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 7\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20death%20of%20massive%20stars%E2%80%94I.%20Observational%20constraints%20on%20the%20progenitors%20of%20type%20II-P%20supernovae&amp;journal=Mon.%20Not.%20R.%20Astron.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2009.14506.x&amp;volume=395&amp;pages=1409-1437&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Smartt%2CSJ&amp;author=Eldridge%2CJJ&amp;author=Crockett%2CRM&amp;author=Maund%2CJR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"8.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR8\">Smartt, S. J. Observational constraints on the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae: the case for missing high-mass stars. Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. <b>32<\/b>, e016 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1017\/pasa.2015.17\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1017\/pasa.2015.17\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017%2Fpasa.2015.17\" aria-label=\"Article reference 8\" data-doi=\"10.1017\/pasa.2015.17\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2015PASA...32...16S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 8\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 8\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Observational%20constraints%20on%20the%20progenitors%20of%20core-collapse%20supernovae%3A%20the%20case%20for%20missing%20high-mass%20stars&amp;journal=Publ.%20Astron.%20Soc.%20Aust.&amp;doi=10.1017%2Fpasa.2015.17&amp;volume=32&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Smartt%2CSJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"9.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR9\">Kochanek, C. S. On the red supergiant problem. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. <b>493<\/b>, 4945\u20134949 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/mnras\/staa605\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/mnras\/staa605\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstaa605\" aria-label=\"Article reference 9\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/mnras\/staa605\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2020MNRAS.493.4945K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 9\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 9\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=On%20the%20red%20supergiant%20problem&amp;journal=Mon.%20Not.%20R.%20Astron.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstaa605&amp;volume=493&amp;pages=4945-4949&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Kochanek%2CCS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"10.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR10\">Fang, Q., Moriya, T. J. &amp; Maeda, K. Red supergiant problem viewed from the nebular phase spectroscopy of type II supernovae. Astrophys. J. <b>986<\/b>, 39 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3847\/1538-4357\/adceae\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3847\/1538-4357\/adceae\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fadceae\" aria-label=\"Article reference 10\" data-doi=\"10.3847\/1538-4357\/adceae\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025ApJ...986...39F\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 10\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 10\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Red%20supergiant%20problem%20viewed%20from%20the%20nebular%20phase%20spectroscopy%20of%20type%20II%20supernovae&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fadceae&amp;volume=986&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Fang%2CQ&amp;author=Moriya%2CTJ&amp;author=Maeda%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"11.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR11\">Davies, B. &amp; Beasor, E. R. The \u2018red supergiant problem\u2019: the upper luminosity boundary of type II supernova progenitors. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. <b>493<\/b>, 468\u2013476 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/mnras\/staa174\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/mnras\/staa174\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstaa174\" aria-label=\"Article reference 11\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/mnras\/staa174\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2020MNRAS.493..468D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 11\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20%E2%80%98red%20supergiant%20problem%E2%80%99%3A%20the%20upper%20luminosity%20boundary%20of%20type%20II%20supernova%20progenitors&amp;journal=Mon.%20Not.%20R.%20Astron.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstaa174&amp;volume=493&amp;pages=468-476&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Davies%2CB&amp;author=Beasor%2CER\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"12.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR12\">Davies, B. &amp; Beasor, E. R. \u2019On the red supergiant problem\u2019: a rebuttal, and a consensus on the upper mass cut-off for II-P progenitors. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. <b>496<\/b>, L142\u2013L146 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/mnrasl\/slaa102\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/mnrasl\/slaa102\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fmnrasl%2Fslaa102\" aria-label=\"Article reference 12\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/mnrasl\/slaa102\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2020MNRAS.496L.142D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 12\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 12\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=%E2%80%99On%20the%20red%20supergiant%20problem%E2%80%99%3A%20a%20rebuttal%2C%20and%20a%20consensus%20on%20the%20upper%20mass%20cut-off%20for%20II-P%20progenitors&amp;journal=Mon.%20Not.%20R.%20Astron.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fmnrasl%2Fslaa102&amp;volume=496&amp;pages=L142-L146&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Davies%2CB&amp;author=Beasor%2CER\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"13.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR13\">Beasor, E. R., Smith, N. &amp; Jencson, J. E. The red supergiant progenitor luminosity problem. Astrophys. J. <b>979<\/b>, 117 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ad8f3f\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ad8f3f\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fad8f3f\" aria-label=\"Article reference 13\" data-doi=\"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ad8f3f\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025ApJ...979..117B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 13\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 13\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20red%20supergiant%20progenitor%20luminosity%20problem&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fad8f3f&amp;volume=979&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Beasor%2CER&amp;author=Smith%2CN&amp;author=Jencson%2CJE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"14.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR14\">Strotjohann, N. L., Ofek, E. O. &amp; Gal-Yam, A. A Bias-corrected luminosity function for red supergiant supernova progenitor stars. Astrophys. J. Lett. <b>964<\/b>, L27 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3847\/2041-8213\/ad3064\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3847\/2041-8213\/ad3064\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3847%2F2041-8213%2Fad3064\" aria-label=\"Article reference 14\" data-doi=\"10.3847\/2041-8213\/ad3064\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024ApJ...964L..27S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 14\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 14\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20Bias-corrected%20luminosity%20function%20for%20red%20supergiant%20supernova%20progenitor%20stars&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.3847%2F2041-8213%2Fad3064&amp;volume=964&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Strotjohann%2CNL&amp;author=Ofek%2CEO&amp;author=Gal-Yam%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"15.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR15\">Healy, S., Horiuchi, S. &amp; Ashall, C. The red supergiant problem: as seen from the local group\u2019s red supergiant populations. Preprint at <a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2412.04386\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2412.04386\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2412.04386<\/a> (2024).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"16.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR16\">De, K. et al. The disappearance of a massive star marking the birth of a black hole in M31. Preprint at <a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2410.14778\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2410.14778\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2410.14778<\/a> (2024).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"17.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR17\">de Jager, C. The yellow hypergiants. Astron. Astrophys. Rev. <b>8<\/b>, 145\u2013180 (1998).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s001590050009\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s001590050009\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s001590050009\" aria-label=\"Article reference 17\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s001590050009\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1998A%26ARv...8..145D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 17\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 17\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20yellow%20hypergiants&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.%20Rev.&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs001590050009&amp;volume=8&amp;pages=145-180&amp;publication_year=1998&amp;author=Jager%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"18.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR18\">Gordon, M. S. &amp; Humphreys, R. M. Red supergiants, yellow hypergiants, and post-RSG evolution. Galaxies <b>7<\/b>, 92 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3390\/galaxies7040092\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3390\/galaxies7040092\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390%2Fgalaxies7040092\" aria-label=\"Article reference 18\" data-doi=\"10.3390\/galaxies7040092\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2019Galax...7...92G\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 18\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 18\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Red%20supergiants%2C%20yellow%20hypergiants%2C%20and%20post-RSG%20evolution&amp;journal=Galaxies&amp;doi=10.3390%2Fgalaxies7040092&amp;volume=7&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Gordon%2CMS&amp;author=Humphreys%2CRM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"19.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR19\">Humphreys, R. M. &amp; Jones, T. J. Episodic gaseous outflows and mass loss from red supergiants. Astron. J. <b>163<\/b>, 103 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3847\/1538-3881\/ac46ff\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3847\/1538-3881\/ac46ff\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3847%2F1538-3881%2Fac46ff\" aria-label=\"Article reference 19\" data-doi=\"10.3847\/1538-3881\/ac46ff\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022AJ....163..103H\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 19\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 19\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Episodic%20gaseous%20outflows%20and%20mass%20loss%20from%20red%20supergiants&amp;journal=Astron.%20J.&amp;doi=10.3847%2F1538-3881%2Fac46ff&amp;volume=163&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Humphreys%2CRM&amp;author=Jones%2CTJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"20.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR20\">Jones, T. Red and yellow hypergiants. Galaxies <b>13<\/b>, 43 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3390\/galaxies13020043\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3390\/galaxies13020043\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390%2Fgalaxies13020043\" aria-label=\"Article reference 20\" data-doi=\"10.3390\/galaxies13020043\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025Galax..13...43J\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 20\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 20\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Red%20and%20yellow%20hypergiants&amp;journal=Galaxies&amp;doi=10.3390%2Fgalaxies13020043&amp;volume=13&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Jones%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"21.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR21\">Humphreys, R. M. The complex upper HR diagram. Galaxies <b>7<\/b>, 75 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3390\/galaxies7030075\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3390\/galaxies7030075\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390%2Fgalaxies7030075\" aria-label=\"Article reference 21\" data-doi=\"10.3390\/galaxies7030075\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2019Galax...7...75H\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 21\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 21\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20complex%20upper%20HR%20diagram&amp;journal=Galaxies&amp;doi=10.3390%2Fgalaxies7030075&amp;volume=7&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Humphreys%2CRM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"22.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR22\">Meynet, G. et al. Impact of mass-loss on the evolution and pre-supernova properties of red supergiants. Astron. Astrophys. <b>575<\/b>, A60 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201424671\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201424671\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201424671\" aria-label=\"Article reference 22\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201424671\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 22\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Impact%20of%20mass-loss%20on%20the%20evolution%20and%20pre-supernova%20properties%20of%20red%20supergiants&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201424671&amp;volume=575&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Meynet%2CG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"23.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR23\">Zapartas, E. et al. The effect of mass loss in models of red supergiants in the Small Magellanic Cloud. Astron. Astrophys. <b>697<\/b>, A167 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202452401\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202452401\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202452401\" aria-label=\"Article reference 23\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202452401\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 23\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20effect%20of%20mass%20loss%20in%20models%20of%20red%20supergiants%20in%20the%20Small%20Magellanic%20Cloud&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202452401&amp;volume=697&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Zapartas%2CE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"24.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR24\">Smith, N. Mass loss: its effect on the evolution and fate of high-mass stars. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. <b>52<\/b>, 487\u2013528 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1146\/annurev-astro-081913-040025\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1146\/annurev-astro-081913-040025\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146%2Fannurev-astro-081913-040025\" aria-label=\"Article reference 24\" data-doi=\"10.1146\/annurev-astro-081913-040025\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2014ARA%26A..52..487S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 24\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 24\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Mass%20loss%3A%20its%20effect%20on%20the%20evolution%20and%20fate%20of%20high-mass%20stars&amp;journal=Annu.%20Rev.%20Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1146%2Fannurev-astro-081913-040025&amp;volume=52&amp;pages=487-528&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Smith%2CN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"25.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR25\">Beasor, E. R. et al. A new mass-loss rate prescription for red supergiants. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. <b>492<\/b>, 5994\u20136006 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/mnras\/staa255\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/mnras\/staa255\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstaa255\" aria-label=\"Article reference 25\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/mnras\/staa255\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2020MNRAS.492.5994B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 25\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 25\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20new%20mass-loss%20rate%20prescription%20for%20red%20supergiants&amp;journal=Mon.%20Not.%20R.%20Astron.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstaa255&amp;volume=492&amp;pages=5994-6006&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Beasor%2CER\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"26.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR26\">Antoniadis, K. et al. Establishing a mass-loss rate relation for red supergiants in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Astron. Astrophys. <b>686<\/b>, A88 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202449383\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202449383\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202449383\" aria-label=\"Article reference 26\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202449383\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 26\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Establishing%20a%20mass-loss%20rate%20relation%20for%20red%20supergiants%20in%20the%20Large%20Magellanic%20Cloud&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202449383&amp;volume=686&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Antoniadis%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"27.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR27\">Decin, L., Richards, A. M. S., Marchant, P. &amp; Sana, H. ALMA detection of CO rotational line emission in red supergiant stars of the massive young star cluster RSGC1. Determination of a new mass-loss rate prescription for red supergiants. Astron. Astrophys. <b>681<\/b>, A17 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202244635\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202244635\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202244635\" aria-label=\"Article reference 27\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202244635\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024A%26A...681A..17D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 27\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 27\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=ALMA%20detection%20of%20CO%20rotational%20line%20emission%20in%20red%20supergiant%20stars%20of%20the%20massive%20young%20star%20cluster%20RSGC1.%20Determination%20of%20a%20new%20mass-loss%20rate%20prescription%20for%20red%20supergiants&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202244635&amp;volume=681&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Decin%2CL&amp;author=Richards%2CAMS&amp;author=Marchant%2CP&amp;author=Sana%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"28.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR28\">Antoniadis, K. et al. Investigating the metallicity dependence of the mass-loss rate relation of red supergiants. Astron. Astrophys. <b>702<\/b>, A178 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202554416\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202554416\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202554416\" aria-label=\"Article reference 28\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202554416\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 28\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Investigating%20the%20metallicity%20dependence%20of%20the%20mass-loss%20rate%20relation%20of%20red%20supergiants&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202554416&amp;volume=702&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Antoniadis%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"29.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR29\">Richards, A. M. S., Yates, J. A. &amp; Cohen, R. J. Proper motions of water vapour masers and bipolar outflow from NML Cygni. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. <b>282<\/b>, 665\u2013676 (1996).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/mnras\/282.2.665\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/mnras\/282.2.665\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F282.2.665\" aria-label=\"Article reference 29\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/mnras\/282.2.665\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1996MNRAS.282..665R\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 29\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 29\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Proper%20motions%20of%20water%20vapour%20masers%20and%20bipolar%20outflow%20from%20NML%20Cygni&amp;journal=Mon.%20Not.%20R.%20Astron.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fmnras%2F282.2.665&amp;volume=282&amp;pages=665-676&amp;publication_year=1996&amp;author=Richards%2CAMS&amp;author=Yates%2CJA&amp;author=Cohen%2CRJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"30.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR30\">Decin, L. et al. Probing the mass-loss history of AGB and red supergiant stars from CO rotational line profiles. I. Theoretical model\u2014mass-loss history unravelled in VY CMa. Astron. Astrophys. <b>456<\/b>, 549\u2013563 (2006).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361:20065230\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361:20065230\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20065230\" aria-label=\"Article reference 30\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361:20065230\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2006A%26A...456..549D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 30\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 30\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Probing%20the%20mass-loss%20history%20of%20AGB%20and%20red%20supergiant%20stars%20from%20CO%20rotational%20line%20profiles.%20I.%20Theoretical%20model%E2%80%94mass-loss%20history%20unravelled%20in%20VY%20CMa&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20065230&amp;volume=456&amp;pages=549-563&amp;publication_year=2006&amp;author=Decin%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"31.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR31\">Singh, A. P., Richards, A. M. S., Humphreys, R. M., Decin, L. &amp; Ziurys, L. M. ALMA reveals hidden morphologies in the molecular envelope of VY Canis Majoris. Astrophys. J. Lett. <b>954<\/b>, L1 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3847\/2041-8213\/ace7cb\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3847\/2041-8213\/ace7cb\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3847%2F2041-8213%2Face7cb\" aria-label=\"Article reference 31\" data-doi=\"10.3847\/2041-8213\/ace7cb\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023ApJ...954L...1S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 31\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 31\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=ALMA%20reveals%20hidden%20morphologies%20in%20the%20molecular%20envelope%20of%20VY%20Canis%20Majoris&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.3847%2F2041-8213%2Face7cb&amp;volume=954&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Singh%2CAP&amp;author=Richards%2CAMS&amp;author=Humphreys%2CRM&amp;author=Decin%2CL&amp;author=Ziurys%2CLM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"32.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR32\">Glatzel, W. &amp; Kiriakidis, M. Stability of massive stars and the Humphreys\/Davidson limit. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. <b>263<\/b>, 375 (1993).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/mnras\/263.2.375\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/mnras\/263.2.375\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F263.2.375\" aria-label=\"Article reference 32\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/mnras\/263.2.375\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1993MNRAS.263..375G\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 32\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Stability%20of%20massive%20stars%20and%20the%20Humphreys%2FDavidson%20limit&amp;journal=Mon.%20Not.%20R.%20Astron.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fmnras%2F263.2.375&amp;volume=263&amp;publication_year=1993&amp;author=Glatzel%2CW&amp;author=Kiriakidis%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"33.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR33\">Humphreys, R. M. &amp; Davidson, K. Studies of luminous stars in nearby galaxies. III. Comments on the evolution of the most massive stars in the Milky Way and the Large Magellanic Cloud. Astrophys. J. <b>232<\/b>, 409\u2013420 (1979).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/157301\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/157301\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F157301\" aria-label=\"Article reference 33\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/157301\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1979ApJ...232..409H\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 33\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 33\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Studies%20of%20luminous%20stars%20in%20nearby%20galaxies.%20III.%20Comments%20on%20the%20evolution%20of%20the%20most%20massive%20stars%20in%20the%20Milky%20Way%20and%20the%20Large%20Magellanic%20Cloud&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1086%2F157301&amp;volume=232&amp;pages=409-420&amp;publication_year=1979&amp;author=Humphreys%2CRM&amp;author=Davidson%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"34.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR34\">McDonald, S. L. E., Davies, B. &amp; Beasor, E. R. Red supergiants in M31: the Humphreys\u2013Davidson limit at high metallicity. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. <b>510<\/b>, 3132\u20133144 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/mnras\/stab3453\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/mnras\/stab3453\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstab3453\" aria-label=\"Article reference 34\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/mnras\/stab3453\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022MNRAS.510.3132M\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 34\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 34\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Red%20supergiants%20in%20M31%3A%20the%20Humphreys%E2%80%93Davidson%20limit%20at%20high%20metallicity&amp;journal=Mon.%20Not.%20R.%20Astron.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstab3453&amp;volume=510&amp;pages=3132-3144&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=McDonald%2CSLE&amp;author=Davies%2CB&amp;author=Beasor%2CER\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"35.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR35\">Schootemeijer, A. et al. A constant upper luminosity limit of cool supergiant stars down to the extremely low metallicity of I Zw 18. Preprint at <a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2510.12594\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2510.12594\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2510.12594<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"36.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR36\">Landri, C. &amp; Pejcha, O. Driving asymmetric red supergiant winds with binary interactions. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. <b>531<\/b>, 3391\u20133405 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/mnras\/stae1379\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/mnras\/stae1379\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstae1379\" aria-label=\"Article reference 36\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/mnras\/stae1379\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024MNRAS.531.3391L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 36\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 36\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Driving%20asymmetric%20red%20supergiant%20winds%20with%20binary%20interactions&amp;journal=Mon.%20Not.%20R.%20Astron.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstae1379&amp;volume=531&amp;pages=3391-3405&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Landri%2CC&amp;author=Pejcha%2CO\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"37.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR37\">MacLeod, M. et al. Radial velocity and astrometric evidence for a close companion to Betelgeuse. Astrophys. J. <b>978<\/b>, 50 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ad93c8\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ad93c8\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fad93c8\" aria-label=\"Article reference 37\" data-doi=\"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ad93c8\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025ApJ...978...50M\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 37\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 37\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Radial%20velocity%20and%20astrometric%20evidence%20for%20a%20close%20companion%20to%20Betelgeuse&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fad93c8&amp;volume=978&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=MacLeod%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"38.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR38\">Sana, H. et al. Binary interaction dominates the evolution of massive stars. Science <b>337<\/b>, 444 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.1223344\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.1223344\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.1223344\" aria-label=\"Article reference 38\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.1223344\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2012Sci...337..444S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 38\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 38\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Binary%20interaction%20dominates%20the%20evolution%20of%20massive%20stars&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.1223344&amp;volume=337&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Sana%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"39.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR39\">Ivanova, N. et al. Common envelope evolution: where we stand and how we can move forward. Astron. Astrophys. Rev. <b>21<\/b>, 59 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s00159-013-0059-2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s00159-013-0059-2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00159-013-0059-2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 39\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s00159-013-0059-2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2013A%26ARv..21...59I\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 39\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 39\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Common%20envelope%20evolution%3A%20where%20we%20stand%20and%20how%20we%20can%20move%20forward&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.%20Rev.&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs00159-013-0059-2&amp;volume=21&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Ivanova%2CN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"40.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR40\">Westerlund, B. E., Olander, N. &amp; Hedin, B. Supergiant and giant M type stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. <b>43<\/b>, 267\u2013295 (1981).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1981A%26AS...43..267W\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 40\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 40\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Supergiant%20and%20giant%20M%20type%20stars%20in%20the%20Large%20Magellanic%20Cloud&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.%20Suppl.&amp;volume=43&amp;pages=267-295&amp;publication_year=1981&amp;author=Westerlund%2CBE&amp;author=Olander%2CN&amp;author=Hedin%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"41.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR41\">Ohnaka, K., Driebe, T., Hofmann, K. H., Weigelt, G. &amp; Wittkowski, M. Spatially resolved dusty torus toward the red supergiant WOH G64 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Astron. Astrophys. <b>484<\/b>, 371\u2013379 (2008).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361:200809469\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361:200809469\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A200809469\" aria-label=\"Article reference 41\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361:200809469\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2008A%26A...484..371O\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 41\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 41\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Spatially%20resolved%20dusty%20torus%20toward%20the%20red%20supergiant%20WOH%20G64%20in%20the%20Large%20Magellanic%20Cloud&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A200809469&amp;volume=484&amp;pages=371-379&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=Ohnaka%2CK&amp;author=Driebe%2CT&amp;author=Hofmann%2CKH&amp;author=Weigelt%2CG&amp;author=Wittkowski%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"42.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR42\">Elias, J. H., Frogel, J. A. &amp; Schwering, P. B. W. Two supergiants in the Large Magellanic Cloud with thick dust shells. Astrophys. J. <b>302<\/b>, 675 (1986).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/164028\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/164028\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F164028\" aria-label=\"Article reference 42\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/164028\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1986ApJ...302..675E\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 42\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 42\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Two%20supergiants%20in%20the%20Large%20Magellanic%20Cloud%20with%20thick%20dust%20shells&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1086%2F164028&amp;volume=302&amp;publication_year=1986&amp;author=Elias%2CJH&amp;author=Frogel%2CJA&amp;author=Schwering%2CPBW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"43.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR43\">Levesque, E. M., Massey, P., Plez, B. &amp; Olsen, K. A. G. The physical properties of the red supergiant WOH G64: the largest star known? Astron. J. <b>137<\/b>, 4744\u20134752 (2009).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1088\/0004-6256\/137\/6\/4744\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1088\/0004-6256\/137\/6\/4744\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F0004-6256%2F137%2F6%2F4744\" aria-label=\"Article reference 43\" data-doi=\"10.1088\/0004-6256\/137\/6\/4744\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2009AJ....137.4744L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 43\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 43\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20physical%20properties%20of%20the%20red%20supergiant%20WOH%20G64%3A%20the%20largest%20star%20known%3F&amp;journal=Astron.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1088%2F0004-6256%2F137%2F6%2F4744&amp;volume=137&amp;pages=4744-4752&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Levesque%2CEM&amp;author=Massey%2CP&amp;author=Plez%2CB&amp;author=Olsen%2CKAG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"44.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR44\">Beasor, E. R. &amp; Smith, N. The extreme scarcity of dust-enshrouded red supergiants: consequences for producing stripped stars via winds. Astrophys. J. <b>933<\/b>, 41 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ac6dcf\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ac6dcf\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fac6dcf\" aria-label=\"Article reference 44\" data-doi=\"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ac6dcf\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022ApJ...933...41B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 44\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 44\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20extreme%20scarcity%20of%20dust-enshrouded%20red%20supergiants%3A%20consequences%20for%20producing%20stripped%20stars%20via%20winds&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fac6dcf&amp;volume=933&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Beasor%2CER&amp;author=Smith%2CN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"45.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR45\">Ohnaka, K. et al. Imaging the innermost circumstellar environment of the red supergiant WOH G64 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Astron. Astrophys. <b>691<\/b>, L15 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202451820\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202451820\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202451820\" aria-label=\"Article reference 45\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202451820\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024A%26A...691L..15O\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 45\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 45\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Imaging%20the%20innermost%20circumstellar%20environment%20of%20the%20red%20supergiant%20WOH%20G64%20in%20the%20Large%20Magellanic%20Cloud&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202451820&amp;volume=691&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Ohnaka%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"46.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR46\">van Loon, J. T., Zijlstra, A. A., Bujarrabal, V. &amp; Nyman, L. \u00c5 Circumstellar masers in the Magellanic Clouds. Astron. Astrophys. <b>368<\/b>, 950\u2013968 (2001).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361:20010052\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361:20010052\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20010052\" aria-label=\"Article reference 46\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361:20010052\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2001A%26A...368..950V\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 46\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 46\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Circumstellar%20masers%20in%20the%20Magellanic%20Clouds&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20010052&amp;volume=368&amp;pages=950-968&amp;publication_year=2001&amp;author=Loon%2CJT&amp;author=Zijlstra%2CAA&amp;author=Bujarrabal%2CV&amp;author=Nyman%2CL%C3%85\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"47.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR47\">Marshall, J. R. et al. Asymptotic giant branch superwind speed at low metallicity. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. <b>355<\/b>, 1348\u20131360 (2004).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2004.08417.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2004.08417.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2004.08417.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 47\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2004.08417.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2004MNRAS.355.1348M\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 47\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 47\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Asymptotic%20giant%20branch%20superwind%20speed%20at%20low%20metallicity&amp;journal=Mon.%20Not.%20R.%20Astron.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2004.08417.x&amp;volume=355&amp;pages=1348-1360&amp;publication_year=2004&amp;author=Marshall%2CJR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"48.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR48\">Soszynski, I., Udalski, A., Szymanski, M. K., others, K. &amp; Poleski, R. The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. The OGLE-III Catalog of Variable Stars. IV. Long-period variables in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Acta Astron. <b>59<\/b>, 239\u2013253 (2009).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2009AcA....59..239S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 48\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 48\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20Optical%20Gravitational%20Lensing%20Experiment.%20The%20OGLE-III%20Catalog%20of%20Variable%20Stars.%20IV.%20Long-period%20variables%20in%20the%20Large%20Magellanic%20Cloud&amp;journal=Acta%20Astron.&amp;volume=59&amp;pages=239-253&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Soszynski%2CI&amp;author=Udalski%2CA&amp;author=Szymanski%2CMK&amp;author=others%2CK&amp;author=Poleski%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"49.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR49\">Boyd, D. Spectroscopic and photometric study of the Mira stars SU Camelopardalis and RY Cephei. J. Am. Assoc. Var. Star Obs. <b>49<\/b>, 157 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2021JAVSO..49..157B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 49\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 49\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Spectroscopic%20and%20photometric%20study%20of%20the%20Mira%20stars%20SU%20Camelopardalis%20and%20RY%20Cephei&amp;journal=J.%20Am.%20Assoc.%20Var.%20Star%20Obs.&amp;volume=49&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Boyd%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"50.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR50\">Kravchenko, K. et al. Tomography of cool giant and supergiant star atmospheres. II. Signature of convection in the atmosphere of the red supergiant star \u03bc Cep. Astron. Astrophys. <b>632<\/b>, A28 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201935809\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201935809\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201935809\" aria-label=\"Article reference 50\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201935809\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 50\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Tomography%20of%20cool%20giant%20and%20supergiant%20star%20atmospheres.%20II.%20Signature%20of%20convection%20in%20the%20atmosphere%20of%20the%20red%20supergiant%20star%20%CE%BC%20Cep&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201935809&amp;volume=632&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Kravchenko%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"51.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR51\">Solf, J. Spectral type and luminosity classification of late-type M stars from near-infrared image tube coud\u00e9 spectrograms. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. <b>34<\/b>, 409\u2013416 (1978).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1978A%26AS...34..409S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 51\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 51\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Spectral%20type%20and%20luminosity%20classification%20of%20late-type%20M%20stars%20from%20near-infrared%20image%20tube%20coud%C3%A9%20spectrograms&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.%20Suppl.%20Ser.&amp;volume=34&amp;pages=409-416&amp;publication_year=1978&amp;author=Solf%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"52.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR52\">Lamers, H. J. G. L. M., Zickgraf, F.-J., de Winter, D., Houziaux, L. &amp; Zorec, J. An improved classification of B[e]-type stars. Astron. Astrophys. <b>340<\/b>, 117\u2013128 (1998).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1998A%26A...340..117L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 52\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 52\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=An%20improved%20classification%20of%20B%5Be%5D-type%20stars&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;volume=340&amp;pages=117-128&amp;publication_year=1998&amp;author=Lamers%2CHJGLM&amp;author=Zickgraf%2CF-J&amp;author=Winter%2CD&amp;author=Houziaux%2CL&amp;author=Zorec%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"53.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR53\">Kraus, M. A census of B[e] supergiants. Galaxies <b>7<\/b>, 83 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3390\/galaxies7040083\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3390\/galaxies7040083\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390%2Fgalaxies7040083\" aria-label=\"Article reference 53\" data-doi=\"10.3390\/galaxies7040083\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2019Galax...7...83K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 53\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 53\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20census%20of%20B%5Be%5D%20supergiants&amp;journal=Galaxies&amp;doi=10.3390%2Fgalaxies7040083&amp;volume=7&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Kraus%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"54.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR54\">Rayner, J. T., Cushing, M. C. &amp; Vacca, W. D. The Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) spectral library: cool stars. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. <b>185<\/b>, 289\u2013432 (2009).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1088\/0067-0049\/185\/2\/289\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1088\/0067-0049\/185\/2\/289\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F0067-0049%2F185%2F2%2F289\" aria-label=\"Article reference 54\" data-doi=\"10.1088\/0067-0049\/185\/2\/289\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2009ApJS..185..289R\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 54\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 54\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20Infrared%20Telescope%20Facility%20%28IRTF%29%20spectral%20library%3A%20cool%20stars&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.%20Suppl.%20Ser.&amp;doi=10.1088%2F0067-0049%2F185%2F2%2F289&amp;volume=185&amp;pages=289-432&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Rayner%2CJT&amp;author=Cushing%2CMC&amp;author=Vacca%2CWD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"55.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR55\">Allen, D. A. A catalogue of symbiotic stars. Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. <b>5<\/b>, 369\u2013421 (1984).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1017\/S1323358000017215\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1017\/S1323358000017215\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017%2FS1323358000017215\" aria-label=\"Article reference 55\" data-doi=\"10.1017\/S1323358000017215\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1984PASAu...5..369A\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 55\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 55\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20catalogue%20of%20symbiotic%20stars&amp;journal=Publ.%20Astron.%20Soc.%20Aust.&amp;doi=10.1017%2FS1323358000017215&amp;volume=5&amp;pages=369-421&amp;publication_year=1984&amp;author=Allen%2CDA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"56.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR56\">Miko\u0142ajewska, J. Symbiotic stars: continually embarrassing binaries. Baltic Astron. <b>16<\/b>, 1\u20139 (2007).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2007BaltA..16....1M\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 56\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 56\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Symbiotic%20stars%3A%20continually%20embarrassing%20binaries&amp;journal=Baltic%20Astron.&amp;volume=16&amp;pages=1-9&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;author=Miko%C5%82ajewska%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"57.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR57\">Cowley, A. P. The VV Cephei stars. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. <b>81<\/b>, 297 (1969).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/128784\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/128784\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F128784\" aria-label=\"Article reference 57\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/128784\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1969PASP...81..297C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 57\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 57\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20VV%20Cephei%20stars&amp;journal=Publ.%20Astron.%20Soc.%20Pac.&amp;doi=10.1086%2F128784&amp;volume=81&amp;publication_year=1969&amp;author=Cowley%2CAP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"58.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR58\">Wright, K. O. The system of VV Cephei derived from an analysis of the H\u03b1 line. J. R. Astron. Soc. Can. <b>71<\/b>, 152 (1977).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1977JRASC..71..152W\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 58\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 58\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20system%20of%20VV%20Cephei%20derived%20from%20an%20analysis%20of%20the%20H%CE%B1%20line&amp;journal=J.%20R.%20Astron.%20Soc.%20Can.&amp;volume=71&amp;publication_year=1977&amp;author=Wright%2CKO\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"59.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR59\">Liimets, T. et al. New insights into the outflows from R Aquarii. Astron. Astrophys. <b>612<\/b>, A118 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201732073\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201732073\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201732073\" aria-label=\"Article reference 59\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201732073\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 59\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=New%20insights%20into%20the%20outflows%20from%20R%20Aquarii&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201732073&amp;volume=612&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Liimets%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"60.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR60\">Soker, N. Close stellar binary systems by grazing envelope evolution. Astrophys. J. <b>800<\/b>, 114 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1088\/0004-637X\/800\/2\/114\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1088\/0004-637X\/800\/2\/114\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F800%2F2%2F114\" aria-label=\"Article reference 60\" data-doi=\"10.1088\/0004-637X\/800\/2\/114\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2015ApJ...800..114S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 60\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 60\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Close%20stellar%20binary%20systems%20by%20grazing%20envelope%20evolution&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F800%2F2%2F114&amp;volume=800&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Soker%2CN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"61.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR61\">Dori, N., Bear, E. &amp; Soker, N. Wobbling jets in common envelope evolution. Astrophys. J. <b>954<\/b>, 143 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aced97\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aced97\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Faced97\" aria-label=\"Article reference 61\" data-doi=\"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aced97\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023ApJ...954..143D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 61\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 61\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Wobbling%20jets%20in%20common%20envelope%20evolution&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Faced97&amp;volume=954&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Dori%2CN&amp;author=Bear%2CE&amp;author=Soker%2CN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"62.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR62\">Beristain, G., Edwards, S. &amp; Kwan, J. Helium emission from classical T Tauri stars: dual origin in magnetospheric infall and hot wind. Astrophys. J. <b>551<\/b>, 1037\u20131064 (2001).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/320233\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/320233\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F320233\" aria-label=\"Article reference 62\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/320233\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2001ApJ...551.1037B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 62\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 62\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Helium%20emission%20from%20classical%20T%20Tauri%20stars%3A%20dual%20origin%20in%20magnetospheric%20infall%20and%20hot%20wind&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1086%2F320233&amp;volume=551&amp;pages=1037-1064&amp;publication_year=2001&amp;author=Beristain%2CG&amp;author=Edwards%2CS&amp;author=Kwan%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"63.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR63\">Massey, P., Levesque, E. M., Olsen, K. A. G., Plez, B. &amp; Skiff, B. A. HV 11423: the coolest supergiant in the SMC. Astrophys. J. <b>660<\/b>, 301\u2013310 (2007).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/513182\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/513182\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F513182\" aria-label=\"Article reference 63\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/513182\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2007ApJ...660..301M\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 63\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 63\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=HV%2011423%3A%20the%20coolest%20supergiant%20in%20the%20SMC&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1086%2F513182&amp;volume=660&amp;pages=301-310&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;author=Massey%2CP&amp;author=Levesque%2CEM&amp;author=Olsen%2CKAG&amp;author=Plez%2CB&amp;author=Skiff%2CBA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"64.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR64\">Munoz-Sanchez, G. et al. Episodic mass loss in the very luminous red supergiant [W60] B90 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Astron. Astrophys. <b>690<\/b>, A99 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202450737\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202450737\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202450737\" aria-label=\"Article reference 64\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202450737\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 64\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Episodic%20mass%20loss%20in%20the%20very%20luminous%20red%20supergiant%20%5BW60%5D%20B90%20in%20the%20Large%20Magellanic%20Cloud&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202450737&amp;volume=690&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Munoz-Sanchez%2CG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"65.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR65\">Dessart, L. &amp; Jacobson-Galan, W. V. A modeling perspective on the diversity of red-supergiant stars exploding within circumstellar material. Preprint at <a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2510.17676\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2510.17676\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2510.17676<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"66.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR66\">Levesque, E. M., Massey, P., Olsen, K. A. G. &amp; Plez, B. Late-type red supergiants: too cool for the Magellanic Clouds? Astrophys. J. <b>667<\/b>, 202\u2013212 (2007).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/520797\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/520797\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F520797\" aria-label=\"Article reference 66\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/520797\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2007ApJ...667..202L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 66\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 66\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Late-type%20red%20supergiants%3A%20too%20cool%20for%20the%20Magellanic%20Clouds%3F&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1086%2F520797&amp;volume=667&amp;pages=202-212&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;author=Levesque%2CEM&amp;author=Massey%2CP&amp;author=Olsen%2CKAG&amp;author=Plez%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"67.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR67\">Paczy\u0144ski, B. &amp; Sienkiewicz, R. Evolution of close binaries VIII. Mass exchange on the dynamical time scale. Acta Astron. <b>22<\/b>, 73\u201391 (1972).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1972AcA....22...73P\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 67\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 67\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Evolution%20of%20close%20binaries%20VIII.%20Mass%20exchange%20on%20the%20dynamical%20time%20scale&amp;journal=Acta%20Astron.&amp;volume=22&amp;pages=73-91&amp;publication_year=1972&amp;author=Paczy%C5%84ski%2CB&amp;author=Sienkiewicz%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"68.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR68\">Ercolino, A., Jin, H., Langer, N. &amp; Dessart, L. Interacting supernovae from wide massive binary systems. Astron. Astrophys. <b>685<\/b>, A58 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202347646\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202347646\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202347646\" aria-label=\"Article reference 68\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202347646\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024A%26A...685A..58E\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 68\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 68\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Interacting%20supernovae%20from%20wide%20massive%20binary%20systems&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202347646&amp;volume=685&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Ercolino%2CA&amp;author=Jin%2CH&amp;author=Langer%2CN&amp;author=Dessart%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"69.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR69\">Clayton, M., Podsiadlowski, P., Ivanova, N. &amp; Justham, S. Episodic mass ejections from common-envelope objects. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. <b>470<\/b>, 1788\u20131808 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/mnras\/stx1290\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/mnras\/stx1290\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstx1290\" aria-label=\"Article reference 69\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/mnras\/stx1290\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2017MNRAS.470.1788C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 69\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 69\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Episodic%20mass%20ejections%20from%20common-envelope%20objects&amp;journal=Mon.%20Not.%20R.%20Astron.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstx1290&amp;volume=470&amp;pages=1788-1808&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Clayton%2CM&amp;author=Podsiadlowski%2CP&amp;author=Ivanova%2CN&amp;author=Justham%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"70.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR70\">Nandez, J. L. A., Ivanova, N. &amp; Lombardi, J. C. J. Recombination energy in double white dwarf formation. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. <b>450<\/b>, L39\u2013L43 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/mnrasl\/slv043\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/mnrasl\/slv043\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fmnrasl%2Fslv043\" aria-label=\"Article reference 70\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/mnrasl\/slv043\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2015MNRAS.450L..39N\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 70\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 70\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Recombination%20energy%20in%20double%20white%20dwarf%20formation&amp;journal=Mon.%20Not.%20R.%20Astron.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fmnrasl%2Fslv043&amp;volume=450&amp;pages=L39-L43&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Nandez%2CJLA&amp;author=Ivanova%2CN&amp;author=Lombardi%2CJCJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"71.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR71\">Valsan, V., Borges, S. V., Prust, L. &amp; Chang, P. Envelope ejection and the transition to homologous expansion in common-envelope events. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. <b>526<\/b>, 5365\u20135373 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/mnras\/stad3075\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/mnras\/stad3075\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstad3075\" aria-label=\"Article reference 71\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/mnras\/stad3075\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023MNRAS.526.5365V\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 71\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 71\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Envelope%20ejection%20and%20the%20transition%20to%20homologous%20expansion%20in%20common-envelope%20events&amp;journal=Mon.%20Not.%20R.%20Astron.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstad3075&amp;volume=526&amp;pages=5365-5373&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Valsan%2CV&amp;author=Borges%2CSV&amp;author=Prust%2CL&amp;author=Chang%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"72.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR72\">Hubble, E. &amp; Sandage, A. The brightest variable stars in extragalactic nebulae. I. M31 and M33. Astrophys. J. <b>118<\/b>, 353 (1953).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/145764\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/145764\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F145764\" aria-label=\"Article reference 72\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/145764\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1953ApJ...118..353H\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 72\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 72\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20brightest%20variable%20stars%20in%20extragalactic%20nebulae.%20I.%20M31%20and%20M33&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1086%2F145764&amp;volume=118&amp;publication_year=1953&amp;author=Hubble%2CE&amp;author=Sandage%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"73.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR73\">Koumpia, E. et al. Optical and near-infrared observations of the Fried Egg Nebula. Multiple shell ejections on a 100 yr timescale from a massive yellow hypergiant. Astron. Astrophys. <b>635<\/b>, A183 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201936177\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201936177\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201936177\" aria-label=\"Article reference 73\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201936177\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 73\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Optical%20and%20near-infrared%20observations%20of%20the%20Fried%20Egg%20Nebula.%20Multiple%20shell%20ejections%20on%20a%20100%20yr%20timescale%20from%20a%20massive%20yellow%20hypergiant&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201936177&amp;volume=635&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Koumpia%2CE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"74.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR74\">van Genderen, A. M. et al. Investigation of the pulsations, outbursts, and evolution of the yellow hypergiants: \u03c1 Cas, HR 8752, and HR 5171A, with notes on HD 179821. Astron. Astrophys. <b>694<\/b>, A136 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202449384\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202449384\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202449384\" aria-label=\"Article reference 74\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202449384\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 74\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Investigation%20of%20the%20pulsations%2C%20outbursts%2C%20and%20evolution%20of%20the%20yellow%20hypergiants%3A%20%CF%81%20Cas%2C%20HR%208752%2C%20and%20HR%205171A%2C%20with%20notes%20on%20HD%20179821&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202449384&amp;volume=694&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Genderen%2CAM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"75.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR75\">Humphreys, R. M., Jones, T. J. &amp; Gehrz, R. D. The enigmatic object variable A in M33. Astron. J. <b>94<\/b>, 315 (1987).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/114473\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/114473\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F114473\" aria-label=\"Article reference 75\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/114473\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1987AJ.....94..315H\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 75\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 75\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20enigmatic%20object%20variable%20A%20in%20M33&amp;journal=Astron.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1086%2F114473&amp;volume=94&amp;publication_year=1987&amp;author=Humphreys%2CRM&amp;author=Jones%2CTJ&amp;author=Gehrz%2CRD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"76.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR76\">Humphreys, R. M. et al. M33\u2019s variable A: a hypergiant star more than 35 years in eruption. Astron. J. <b>131<\/b>, 2105\u20132113 (2006).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/500811\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/500811\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F500811\" aria-label=\"Article reference 76\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/500811\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2006AJ....131.2105H\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 76\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 76\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=M33%E2%80%99s%20variable%20A%3A%20a%20hypergiant%20star%20more%20than%2035%20years%20in%20eruption&amp;journal=Astron.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1086%2F500811&amp;volume=131&amp;pages=2105-2113&amp;publication_year=2006&amp;author=Humphreys%2CRM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"77.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR77\">Smith, N. et al. MagAO-X images of the inner core of VY Canis Majoris: a disk and a companion. In American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts Vol. 245, 163.13 (American Astronomical Society, 2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"78.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR78\">De Beck, E., Andrews, H., Quintana-Lacaci, G. &amp; Vlemmings, W. H. T. The circumstellar environment around the extreme Galactic red supergiant NML Cygni: dense, dusty, and asymmetric. Astron. Astrophys. <b>698<\/b>, A179 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202554748\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202554748\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202554748\" aria-label=\"Article reference 78\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202554748\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 78\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20circumstellar%20environment%20around%20the%20extreme%20Galactic%20red%20supergiant%20NML%20Cygni%3A%20dense%2C%20dusty%2C%20and%20asymmetric&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202554748&amp;volume=698&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Beck%2CE&amp;author=Andrews%2CH&amp;author=Quintana-Lacaci%2CG&amp;author=Vlemmings%2CWHT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"79.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR79\">Marchant, P. &amp; Bodensteiner, J. The evolution of massive binary stars. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. <b>62<\/b>, 21\u201361 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1146\/annurev-astro-052722-105936\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1146\/annurev-astro-052722-105936\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146%2Fannurev-astro-052722-105936\" aria-label=\"Article reference 79\" data-doi=\"10.1146\/annurev-astro-052722-105936\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024ARA%26A..62...21M\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 79\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 79\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20evolution%20of%20massive%20binary%20stars&amp;journal=Annu.%20Rev.%20Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1146%2Fannurev-astro-052722-105936&amp;volume=62&amp;pages=21-61&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Marchant%2CP&amp;author=Bodensteiner%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"80.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR80\">van Loon, J. T. &amp; Ohnaka, K. A phoenix rises from the ashes: WOH G64 is still a red supergiant, for now. Preprint at <a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2601.02057\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2601.02057\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2601.02057<\/a> (2026).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"81.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR81\">Davies, B., Plez, B. &amp; Petrault, M. Explosion imminent: the appearance of red supergiants at the point of core-collapse. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. <b>517<\/b>, 1483\u20131490 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/mnras\/stac2427\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/mnras\/stac2427\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstac2427\" aria-label=\"Article reference 81\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/mnras\/stac2427\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022MNRAS.517.1483D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 81\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 81\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Explosion%20imminent%3A%20the%20appearance%20of%20red%20supergiants%20at%20the%20point%20of%20core-collapse&amp;journal=Mon.%20Not.%20R.%20Astron.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstac2427&amp;volume=517&amp;pages=1483-1490&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Davies%2CB&amp;author=Plez%2CB&amp;author=Petrault%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"82.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR82\">Sengupta, S., Sujit, D. &amp; Sarangi, A. Dance to demise\u2014how massive stars may form dense circumstellar shells before explosion. Astrophys. J. <b>996<\/b>, 18 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ae129c\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ae129c\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fae129c\" aria-label=\"Article reference 82\" data-doi=\"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ae129c\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2026ApJ...996...18S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 82\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 82\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Dance%20to%20demise%E2%80%94how%20massive%20stars%20may%20form%20dense%20circumstellar%20shells%20before%20explosion&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fae129c&amp;volume=996&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Sengupta%2CS&amp;author=Sujit%2CD&amp;author=Sarangi%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"83.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR83\">Bronner, V. A., Laplace, E., Schneider, F. R. N. &amp; Podsiadlowski, P. Explosions of pulsating red supergiants: a natural pathway for the diversity of type II-P\/L supernovae. Astron. Astrophys. <b>703<\/b>, A61 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202554642\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202554642\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202554642\" aria-label=\"Article reference 83\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202554642\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025A%26A...703A..61B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 83\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 83\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Explosions%20of%20pulsating%20red%20supergiants%3A%20a%20natural%20pathway%20for%20the%20diversity%20of%20type%20II-P%2FL%20supernovae&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202554642&amp;volume=703&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Bronner%2CVA&amp;author=Laplace%2CE&amp;author=Schneider%2CFRN&amp;author=Podsiadlowski%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"84.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR84\">Laplace, E., Bronner, V. A., Schneider, F. R. N. &amp; Podsiadlowski, P. Pulsations change the structures of massive stars before they explode: interpreting the nearby supernova SN 2023ixf. Preprint at <a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2508.11088\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2508.11088\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2508.11088<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"85.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR85\">Ercolino, A. et al. The demographics of core-collapse supernovae I. The role of binary evolution and CSM interaction. Preprint at <a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2510.04872\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2510.04872\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2510.04872<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"86.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR86\">Van Dyk, S. D. et al. The progenitor of supernova 1993J revisited. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. <b>114<\/b>, 1322\u20131332 (2002).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/344382\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/344382\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F344382\" aria-label=\"Article reference 86\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/344382\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2002PASP..114.1322V\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 86\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 86\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20progenitor%20of%20supernova%201993J%20revisited&amp;journal=Publ.%20Astron.%20Soc.%20Pac.&amp;doi=10.1086%2F344382&amp;volume=114&amp;pages=1322-1332&amp;publication_year=2002&amp;author=Dyk%2CSD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"87.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR87\">Folatelli, G. et al. The progenitor of the type IIb SN 2008ax revisited. Astrophys. J. <b>811<\/b>, 147 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1088\/0004-637X\/811\/2\/147\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1088\/0004-637X\/811\/2\/147\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F811%2F2%2F147\" aria-label=\"Article reference 87\" data-doi=\"10.1088\/0004-637X\/811\/2\/147\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2015ApJ...811..147F\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 87\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 87\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20progenitor%20of%20the%20type%20IIb%20SN%202008ax%20revisited&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F811%2F2%2F147&amp;volume=811&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Folatelli%2CG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"88.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR88\">O\u2019Connor, E. &amp; Ott, C. D. Black hole formation in failing core-collapse supernovae. Astrophys. J. <b>730<\/b>, 70 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1088\/0004-637X\/730\/2\/70\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1088\/0004-637X\/730\/2\/70\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F730%2F2%2F70\" aria-label=\"Article reference 88\" data-doi=\"10.1088\/0004-637X\/730\/2\/70\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2011ApJ...730...70O\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 88\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 88\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Black%20hole%20formation%20in%20failing%20core-collapse%20supernovae&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F730%2F2%2F70&amp;volume=730&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=O%E2%80%99Connor%2CE&amp;author=Ott%2CCD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"89.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR89\">Wright, E. L. et al. The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): mission description and initial on-orbit performance. Astron. J. <b>140<\/b>, 1868\u20131881 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1088\/0004-6256\/140\/6\/1868\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1088\/0004-6256\/140\/6\/1868\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F0004-6256%2F140%2F6%2F1868\" aria-label=\"Article reference 89\" data-doi=\"10.1088\/0004-6256\/140\/6\/1868\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2010AJ....140.1868W\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 89\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 89\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20Wide-field%20Infrared%20Survey%20Explorer%20%28WISE%29%3A%20mission%20description%20and%20initial%20on-orbit%20performance&amp;journal=Astron.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1088%2F0004-6256%2F140%2F6%2F1868&amp;volume=140&amp;pages=1868-1881&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Wright%2CEL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"90.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR90\">Cutri, R. M. et al. AllWISE data release (Cutri+ 2013). VizieR Online Data Catalog II\/328 <a href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2014yCat.2328....0C\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2014yCat.2328....0C\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2014yCat.2328&#8230;.0C<\/a> (2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"91.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR91\">Tonry, J. L. et al. ATLAS: a high-cadence all-sky survey system. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. <b>130<\/b>, 064505 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1088\/1538-3873\/aabadf\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1088\/1538-3873\/aabadf\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F1538-3873%2Faabadf\" aria-label=\"Article reference 91\" data-doi=\"10.1088\/1538-3873\/aabadf\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2018PASP..130f4505T\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 91\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 91\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=ATLAS%3A%20a%20high-cadence%20all-sky%20survey%20system&amp;journal=Publ.%20Astron.%20Soc.%20Pac.&amp;doi=10.1088%2F1538-3873%2Faabadf&amp;volume=130&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Tonry%2CJL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"92.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR92\">Gaia Collaboration et al. The Gaia mission. Astron. Astrophys. <b>595<\/b>, A1 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201629272\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201629272\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201629272\" aria-label=\"Article reference 92\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201629272\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 92\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20Gaia%20mission&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201629272&amp;volume=595&amp;publication_year=2016\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"93.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR93\">Gaia Collaboration et al. Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties. Astron. Astrophys. <b>674<\/b>, A1 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202243940\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202243940\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202243940\" aria-label=\"Article reference 93\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202243940\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 93\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Gaia%20Data%20Release%203.%20Summary%20of%20the%20content%20and%20survey%20properties&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202243940&amp;volume=674&amp;publication_year=2023\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"94.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR94\">Alcock, C. et al. The MACHO Project Large Magellanic Cloud microlensing results from the first two years and the nature of the Galactic dark halo. Astrophys. J. <b>486<\/b>, 697\u2013726 (1997).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/304535\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/304535\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F304535\" aria-label=\"Article reference 94\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/304535\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1997ApJ...486..697A\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 94\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 94\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20MACHO%20Project%20Large%20Magellanic%20Cloud%20microlensing%20results%20from%20the%20first%20two%20years%20and%20the%20nature%20of%20the%20Galactic%20dark%20halo&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1086%2F304535&amp;volume=486&amp;pages=697-726&amp;publication_year=1997&amp;author=Alcock%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"95.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR95\">Mainzer, A. et al. Preliminary results from NEOWISE: an enhancement to the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer for Solar System science. Astrophys. J. <b>731<\/b>, 53 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1088\/0004-637X\/731\/1\/53\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1088\/0004-637X\/731\/1\/53\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F731%2F1%2F53\" aria-label=\"Article reference 95\" data-doi=\"10.1088\/0004-637X\/731\/1\/53\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2011ApJ...731...53M\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 95\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 95\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Preliminary%20results%20from%20NEOWISE%3A%20an%20enhancement%20to%20the%20Wide-field%20Infrared%20Survey%20Explorer%20for%20Solar%20System%20science&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F731%2F1%2F53&amp;volume=731&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Mainzer%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"96.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR96\">Udalski, A., Kubiak, M. &amp; Szymanski, M. Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. OGLE-2\u2014the second phase of the OGLE project. Acta Astron. <b>47<\/b>, 319\u2013344 (1997).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1997AcA....47..319U\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 96\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 96\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Optical%20Gravitational%20Lensing%20Experiment.%20OGLE-2%E2%80%94the%20second%20phase%20of%20the%20OGLE%20project&amp;journal=Acta%20Astron.&amp;volume=47&amp;pages=319-344&amp;publication_year=1997&amp;author=Udalski%2CA&amp;author=Kubiak%2CM&amp;author=Szymanski%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"97.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR97\">Udalski, A. et al. The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. OGLE-III photometric maps of the Large Magellanic Cloud. Acta Astron. <b>58<\/b>, 89\u2013102 (2008).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2008AcA....58...89U\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 97\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 97\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20Optical%20Gravitational%20Lensing%20Experiment.%20OGLE-III%20photometric%20maps%20of%20the%20Large%20Magellanic%20Cloud&amp;journal=Acta%20Astron.&amp;volume=58&amp;pages=89-102&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=Udalski%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"98.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR98\">Udalski, A., Szyma\u0144ski, M. K. &amp; Szyma\u0144ski, G. OGLE-IV: fourth phase of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Acta Astron. <b>65<\/b>, 1\u201338 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2015AcA....65....1U\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 98\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 98\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=OGLE-IV%3A%20fourth%20phase%20of%20the%20Optical%20Gravitational%20Lensing%20Experiment&amp;journal=Acta%20Astron.&amp;volume=65&amp;pages=1-38&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Udalski%2CA&amp;author=Szyma%C5%84ski%2CMK&amp;author=Szyma%C5%84ski%2CG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"99.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR99\">Heinze, A. N. et al. A first catalog of variable stars measured by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS). Astron. J. <b>156<\/b>, 241 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3847\/1538-3881\/aae47f\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3847\/1538-3881\/aae47f\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3847%2F1538-3881%2Faae47f\" aria-label=\"Article reference 99\" data-doi=\"10.3847\/1538-3881\/aae47f\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2018AJ....156..241H\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 99\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 99\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20first%20catalog%20of%20variable%20stars%20measured%20by%20the%20Asteroid%20Terrestrial-impact%20Last%20Alert%20System%20%28ATLAS%29&amp;journal=Astron.%20J.&amp;doi=10.3847%2F1538-3881%2Faae47f&amp;volume=156&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Heinze%2CAN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"100.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR100\">Shingles, L. et al. Release of the ATLAS Forced Photometry server for public use. Transient Name Server AstroNote 7, 1\u20137 (2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"101.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR101\">Alcock, C. et al. Calibration of the MACHO Photometry Database. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. <b>111<\/b>, 1539\u20131558 (1999).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/316469\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/316469\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F316469\" aria-label=\"Article reference 101\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/316469\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1999PASP..111.1539A\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 101\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 101\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Calibration%20of%20the%20MACHO%20Photometry%20Database&amp;journal=Publ.%20Astron.%20Soc.%20Pac.&amp;doi=10.1086%2F316469&amp;volume=111&amp;pages=1539-1558&amp;publication_year=1999&amp;author=Alcock%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"102.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR102\">Marshall, J. L. et al. The MagE spectrograph. Proc. SPIE <b>7014<\/b>, 701454 (2008).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"103.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR103\">Kelson, D. D., Illingworth, G. D., van Dokkum, P. G. &amp; Franx, M. The evolution of early-type galaxies in distant clusters. II. Internal kinematics of 55 galaxies in the z=0.33 cluster CL 1358+62. Astrophys. J. <b>531<\/b>, 159\u2013183 (2000).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/308445\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/308445\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F308445\" aria-label=\"Article reference 103\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/308445\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2000ApJ...531..159K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 103\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 103\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20evolution%20of%20early-type%20galaxies%20in%20distant%20clusters.%20II.%20Internal%20kinematics%20of%2055%20galaxies%20in%20the%20z%3D0.33%20cluster%20CL%201358%2B62&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1086%2F308445&amp;volume=531&amp;pages=159-183&amp;publication_year=2000&amp;author=Kelson%2CDD&amp;author=Illingworth%2CGD&amp;author=Dokkum%2CPG&amp;author=Franx%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"104.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR104\">Kelson, D. D. Optimal techniques in two-dimensional spectroscopy: background subtraction for the 21st century. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. <b>115<\/b>, 688\u2013699 (2003).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/375502\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/375502\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F375502\" aria-label=\"Article reference 104\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/375502\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2003PASP..115..688K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 104\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 104\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Optimal%20techniques%20in%20two-dimensional%20spectroscopy%3A%20background%20subtraction%20for%20the%2021st%20century&amp;journal=Publ.%20Astron.%20Soc.%20Pac.&amp;doi=10.1086%2F375502&amp;volume=115&amp;pages=688-699&amp;publication_year=2003&amp;author=Kelson%2CDD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"105.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR105\">Dekker, H., D\u2019Odorico, S., Kaufer, A., Delabre, B. &amp; Kotzlowski, H. Iye, M. &amp; Moorwood, A. F. Design, construction, and performance of UVES, the echelle spectrograph for the UT2 Kueyen Telescope at the ESO Paranal Observatory. Proc. SPIE <b>4008<\/b>, 534\u2013545 (2000).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"106.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR106\">Vernet, J. et al. X-shooter, the new wide band intermediate resolution spectrograph at the ESO Very Large Telescope. Astron. Astrophys. <b>536<\/b>, A105 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201117752\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201117752\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201117752\" aria-label=\"Article reference 106\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201117752\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 106\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=X-shooter%2C%20the%20new%20wide%20band%20intermediate%20resolution%20spectrograph%20at%20the%20ESO%20Very%20Large%20Telescope&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201117752&amp;volume=536&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Vernet%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"107.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR107\">Ballester, P. et al. The UVES data reduction pipeline. The Messenger <b>101<\/b>, 31\u201336 (2000).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2000Msngr.101...31B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 107\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 107\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20UVES%20data%20reduction%20pipeline&amp;journal=The%20Messenger&amp;volume=101&amp;pages=31-36&amp;publication_year=2000&amp;author=Ballester%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"108.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR108\">Modigliani, A. et al. Silva, D. R., Peck, A. B. &amp; Soifer, B. T. Observatory operations: 912 strategies, processes, and systems III. Proc. SPIE <b>7737<\/b>, 773728 (2010).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"109.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR109\">Smette, A. et al. Molecfit: a general tool for telluric absorption correction. I. Method and application to ESO instruments. Astron. Astrophys. <b>576<\/b>, A77 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201423932\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201423932\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201423932\" aria-label=\"Article reference 109\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201423932\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 109\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Molecfit%3A%20a%20general%20tool%20for%20telluric%20absorption%20correction.%20I.%20Method%20and%20application%20to%20ESO%20instruments&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201423932&amp;volume=576&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Smette%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"110.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR110\">Houck, J. R. et al. Mather, J. C. (ed.) The infrared spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope Proc. SPIE <b>5487<\/b>, 62\u201376 (2004).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"111.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR111\">Calzoletti, L. et al. REMIR: the REM infrared camera to follow up the early phases of GRBs afterglows. Nuovo Cimento C <b>28<\/b>, 759 (2005).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2005NCimC..28..759C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 111\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 111\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=REMIR%3A%20the%20REM%20infrared%20camera%20to%20follow%20up%20the%20early%20phases%20of%20GRBs%20afterglows&amp;journal=Nuovo%20Cimento%20C&amp;volume=28&amp;publication_year=2005&amp;author=Calzoletti%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"112.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR112\">Gustafsson, B. et al. A grid of MARCS model atmospheres for late-type stars. I. Methods and general properties. Astron. Astrophys. <b>486<\/b>, 951\u2013970 (2008).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361:200809724\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361:200809724\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A200809724\" aria-label=\"Article reference 112\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361:200809724\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2008A%26A...486..951G\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 112\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 112\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20grid%20of%20MARCS%20model%20atmospheres%20for%20late-type%20stars.%20I.%20Methods%20and%20general%20properties&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A200809724&amp;volume=486&amp;pages=951-970&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=Gustafsson%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"113.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR113\">van Loon, J. T., Cioni, M. R. L., Zijlstra, A. A. &amp; Loup, C. An empirical formula for the mass-loss rates of dust-enshrouded red supergiants and oxygen-rich asymptotic giant branch stars. Astron. Astrophys. <b>438<\/b>, 273\u2013289 (2005).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361:20042555\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361:20042555\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20042555\" aria-label=\"Article reference 113\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361:20042555\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2005A%26A...438..273V\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 113\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 113\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=An%20empirical%20formula%20for%20the%20mass-loss%20rates%20of%20dust-enshrouded%20red%20supergiants%20and%20oxygen-rich%20asymptotic%20giant%20branch%20stars&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20042555&amp;volume=438&amp;pages=273-289&amp;publication_year=2005&amp;author=Loon%2CJT&amp;author=Cioni%2CMRL&amp;author=Zijlstra%2CAA&amp;author=Loup%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"114.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR114\">Jian, M., Matsunaga, N., Jiang, B., Yuan, H. &amp; Zhang, R. Exploring Be phenomena in OBA stars: A mid-infrared search. Astron. Astrophys. <b>682<\/b>, A59 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202347911\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202347911\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202347911\" aria-label=\"Article reference 114\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202347911\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024A%26A...682A..59J\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 114\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 114\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Exploring%20Be%20phenomena%20in%20OBA%20stars%3A%20A%20mid-infrared%20search&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202347911&amp;volume=682&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Jian%2CM&amp;author=Matsunaga%2CN&amp;author=Jiang%2CB&amp;author=Yuan%2CH&amp;author=Zhang%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"115.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR115\">Tabernero, H. M., Dorda, R., Negueruela, I. &amp; Gonz\u00e1lez-Fern\u00e1ndez, C. An LTE effective temperature scale for red supergiants in the Magellanic clouds. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. <b>476<\/b>, 3106\u20133123 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/mnras\/sty399\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/mnras\/sty399\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fsty399\" aria-label=\"Article reference 115\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/mnras\/sty399\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2018MNRAS.476.3106T\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 115\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 115\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=An%20LTE%20effective%20temperature%20scale%20for%20red%20supergiants%20in%20the%20Magellanic%20clouds&amp;journal=Mon.%20Not.%20R.%20Astron.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fsty399&amp;volume=476&amp;pages=3106-3123&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Tabernero%2CHM&amp;author=Dorda%2CR&amp;author=Negueruela%2CI&amp;author=Gonz%C3%A1lez-Fern%C3%A1ndez%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"116.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR116\">Humphreys, R. M., Weis, K., Davidson, K., Bomans, D. J. &amp; Burggraf, B. Luminous and variable stars in M31 and M33. II. Luminous blue variables, candidate LBVs, Fe II emission line stars, and other supergiants. Astrophys. J. <b>790<\/b>, 48 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1088\/0004-637X\/790\/1\/48\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1088\/0004-637X\/790\/1\/48\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F790%2F1%2F48\" aria-label=\"Article reference 116\" data-doi=\"10.1088\/0004-637X\/790\/1\/48\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2014ApJ...790...48H\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 116\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 116\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Luminous%20and%20variable%20stars%20in%20M31%20and%20M33.%20II.%20Luminous%20blue%20variables%2C%20candidate%20LBVs%2C%20Fe%20II%20emission%20line%20stars%2C%20and%20other%20supergiants&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F790%2F1%2F48&amp;volume=790&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Humphreys%2CRM&amp;author=Weis%2CK&amp;author=Davidson%2CK&amp;author=Bomans%2CDJ&amp;author=Burggraf%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"117.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR117\">Bergemann, M., Kudritzki, R.-P., Gazak, Z., Davies, B. &amp; Plez, B. Red supergiant stars as cosmic abundance probes. III. NLTE effects in J-band magnesium lines. Astrophys. J. <b>804<\/b>, 113 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1088\/0004-637X\/804\/2\/113\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1088\/0004-637X\/804\/2\/113\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F804%2F2%2F113\" aria-label=\"Article reference 117\" data-doi=\"10.1088\/0004-637X\/804\/2\/113\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2015ApJ...804..113B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 117\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 117\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Red%20supergiant%20stars%20as%20cosmic%20abundance%20probes.%20III.%20NLTE%20effects%20in%20J-band%20magnesium%20lines&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F804%2F2%2F113&amp;volume=804&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Bergemann%2CM&amp;author=Kudritzki%2CR-P&amp;author=Gazak%2CZ&amp;author=Davies%2CB&amp;author=Plez%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"118.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR118\">Accetta, K. et al. The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: complete release of MaNGA, MaStar, and APOGEE-2 data. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. <b>259<\/b>, 35 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3847\/1538-4365\/ac4414\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3847\/1538-4365\/ac4414\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3847%2F1538-4365%2Fac4414\" aria-label=\"Article reference 118\" data-doi=\"10.3847\/1538-4365\/ac4414\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022ApJS..259...35A\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 118\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 118\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20Seventeenth%20Data%20Release%20of%20the%20Sloan%20Digital%20Sky%20Surveys%3A%20complete%20release%20of%20MaNGA%2C%20MaStar%2C%20and%20APOGEE-2%20data&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.%20Suppl.%20Ser.&amp;doi=10.3847%2F1538-4365%2Fac4414&amp;volume=259&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Accetta%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"119.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR119\">de Wit, S. et al. Properties of luminous red supergiant stars in the Magellanic Clouds. Astron. Astrophys. <b>669<\/b>, A86 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202243394\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202243394\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202243394\" aria-label=\"Article reference 119\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202243394\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 119\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Properties%20of%20luminous%20red%20supergiant%20stars%20in%20the%20Magellanic%20Clouds&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202243394&amp;volume=669&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Wit%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"120.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR120\">Patrick, L. R. et al. Red supergiant stars in binary systems. I. Identification and characterization in the small magellanic cloud from the UVIT ultraviolet imaging survey. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. <b>513<\/b>, 5847\u20135860 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022MNRAS.513.5847P\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 120\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 120\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Red%20supergiant%20stars%20in%20binary%20systems.%20I.%20Identification%20and%20characterization%20in%20the%20small%20magellanic%20cloud%20from%20the%20UVIT%20ultraviolet%20imaging%20survey&amp;journal=Mon.%20Not.%20R.%20Astron.%20Soc.&amp;volume=513&amp;pages=5847-5860&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Patrick%2CLR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"121.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR121\">Neugent, K. F., Massey, P., Skiff, B. &amp; Meynet, G. Yellow and red supergiants in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Astrophys. J. <b>749<\/b>, 177 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1088\/0004-637X\/749\/2\/177\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1088\/0004-637X\/749\/2\/177\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F749%2F2%2F177\" aria-label=\"Article reference 121\" data-doi=\"10.1088\/0004-637X\/749\/2\/177\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2012ApJ...749..177N\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 121\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 121\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Yellow%20and%20red%20supergiants%20in%20the%20Large%20Magellanic%20Cloud&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F749%2F2%2F177&amp;volume=749&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Neugent%2CKF&amp;author=Massey%2CP&amp;author=Skiff%2CB&amp;author=Meynet%2CG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"122.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR122\">Mathewson, D. S. &amp; Clarke, J. N. Supernova remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Astrophys. J. <b>180<\/b>, 725\u2013738 (1973).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/152002\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/152002\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F152002\" aria-label=\"Article reference 122\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/152002\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1973ApJ...180..725M\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 122\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 122\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Supernova%20remnants%20in%20the%20Large%20Magellanic%20Cloud&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1086%2F152002&amp;volume=180&amp;pages=725-738&amp;publication_year=1973&amp;author=Mathewson%2CDS&amp;author=Clarke%2CJN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"123.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR123\">van Loon, J. T., Hekkert, P. T. L., Bujarrabal, V., Zijlstra, A. A. &amp; Nyman, L.-A. Discovery of H2O maser emission from the red supergiant IRAS04553\u22126825 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Astron. Astrophys. <b>337<\/b>, 141\u2013144 (1998).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1998A%26A...337..141V\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 123\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 123\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Discovery%20of%20H2O%20maser%20emission%20from%20the%20red%20supergiant%20IRAS04553%E2%88%926825%20in%20the%20Large%20Magellanic%20Cloud&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;volume=337&amp;pages=141-144&amp;publication_year=1998&amp;author=Loon%2CJT&amp;author=Hekkert%2CPTL&amp;author=Bujarrabal%2CV&amp;author=Zijlstra%2CAA&amp;author=Nyman%2CL-A\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"124.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR124\">Kravchenko, K. et al. Atmosphere of Betelgeuse before and during the Great Dimming event revealed by tomography. Astron. Astrophys. <b>650<\/b>, L17 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202039801\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202039801\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202039801\" aria-label=\"Article reference 124\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202039801\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2021A%26A...650L..17K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 124\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 124\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Atmosphere%20of%20Betelgeuse%20before%20and%20during%20the%20Great%20Dimming%20event%20revealed%20by%20tomography&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202039801&amp;volume=650&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Kravchenko%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"125.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR125\">Kourniotis, M., Kraus, M., Maryeva, O., Borges Fernandes, M. &amp; Maravelias, G. Revisiting the evolved hypergiants in the Magellanic Clouds. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. <b>511<\/b>, 4360\u20134376 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/mnras\/stac386\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/mnras\/stac386\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstac386\" aria-label=\"Article reference 125\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/mnras\/stac386\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022MNRAS.511.4360K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 125\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 125\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Revisiting%20the%20evolved%20hypergiants%20in%20the%20Magellanic%20Clouds&amp;journal=Mon.%20Not.%20R.%20Astron.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstac386&amp;volume=511&amp;pages=4360-4376&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Kourniotis%2CM&amp;author=Kraus%2CM&amp;author=Maryeva%2CO&amp;author=Borges%20Fernandes%2CM&amp;author=Maravelias%2CG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"126.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR126\">Humphreys, R. M., Jones, T. J. &amp; Martin, J. C. Yellow supergiants and post-red supergiant evolution in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Astron. J. <b>166<\/b>, 50 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3847\/1538-3881\/acdd6c\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3847\/1538-3881\/acdd6c\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3847%2F1538-3881%2Facdd6c\" aria-label=\"Article reference 126\" data-doi=\"10.3847\/1538-3881\/acdd6c\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023AJ....166...50H\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 126\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 126\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Yellow%20supergiants%20and%20post-red%20supergiant%20evolution%20in%20the%20Large%20Magellanic%20Cloud&amp;journal=Astron.%20J.&amp;doi=10.3847%2F1538-3881%2Facdd6c&amp;volume=166&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Humphreys%2CRM&amp;author=Jones%2CTJ&amp;author=Martin%2CJC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"127.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR127\">Lobel, A. et al. High-resolution spectroscopy of the yellow hypergiant \u03c1 Cassiopeiae from 1993 through the outburst of 2000\u20132001. Astrophys. J. <b>583<\/b>, 923\u2013954 (2003).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/345503\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/345503\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F345503\" aria-label=\"Article reference 127\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/345503\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2003ApJ...583..923L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 127\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 127\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=High-resolution%20spectroscopy%20of%20the%20yellow%20hypergiant%20%CF%81%20Cassiopeiae%20from%201993%20through%20the%20outburst%20of%202000%E2%80%932001&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1086%2F345503&amp;volume=583&amp;pages=923-954&amp;publication_year=2003&amp;author=Lobel%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"128.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR128\">van Genderen, A. M. et al. Pulsations, eruptions, and evolution of four yellow hypergiants. Astron. Astrophys. <b>631<\/b>, A48 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201834358\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201834358\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201834358\" aria-label=\"Article reference 128\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201834358\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 128\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Pulsations%2C%20eruptions%2C%20and%20evolution%20of%20four%20yellow%20hypergiants&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201834358&amp;volume=631&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Genderen%2CAM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"129.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR129\">Nieuwenhuijzen, H. et al. The hypergiant HR 8752 evolving through the yellow evolutionary void. Astron. Astrophys. <b>546<\/b>, A105 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201117166\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201117166\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201117166\" aria-label=\"Article reference 129\" data-doi=\"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201117166\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 129\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20hypergiant%20HR%208752%20evolving%20through%20the%20yellow%20evolutionary%20void&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201117166&amp;volume=546&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Nieuwenhuijzen%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"130.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR130\">Oudmaijer, R. D., Groenewegen, M. A. T., Matthews, H. E., Blommaert, J. A. D. L. &amp; Sahu, K. C. The spectral energy distribution and mass-loss history of IRC+10420. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. <b>280<\/b>, 1062\u20131070 (1996).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/mnras\/280.4.1062\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/mnras\/280.4.1062\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F280.4.1062\" aria-label=\"Article reference 130\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/mnras\/280.4.1062\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1996MNRAS.280.1062O\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 130\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 130\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20spectral%20energy%20distribution%20and%20mass-loss%20history%20of%20IRC%2B10420&amp;journal=Mon.%20Not.%20R.%20Astron.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fmnras%2F280.4.1062&amp;volume=280&amp;pages=1062-1070&amp;publication_year=1996&amp;author=Oudmaijer%2CRD&amp;author=Groenewegen%2CMAT&amp;author=Matthews%2CHE&amp;author=Blommaert%2CJADL&amp;author=Sahu%2CKC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"131.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR131\">Nieuwenhuijzen, H. &amp; de Jager, C. Checking the yellow evolutionary void. Three evolutionary critical hypergiants: HD 33579, HR 8752 &amp; IRC +10420. Astron. Astrophys. <b>353<\/b>, 163\u2013176 (2000).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2000A%26A...353..163N\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 131\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 131\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Checking%20the%20yellow%20evolutionary%20void.%20Three%20evolutionary%20critical%20hypergiants%3A%20HD%2033579%2C%20HR%208752%20%26%20IRC%20%2B10420&amp;journal=Astron.%20Astrophys.&amp;volume=353&amp;pages=163-176&amp;publication_year=2000&amp;author=Nieuwenhuijzen%2CH&amp;author=Jager%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"132.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR132\">Dotter, A. MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST) 0: Methods for the construction of stellar isochrones. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. <b>222<\/b>, 8 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3847\/0067-0049\/222\/1\/8\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3847\/0067-0049\/222\/1\/8\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3847%2F0067-0049%2F222%2F1%2F8\" aria-label=\"Article reference 132\" data-doi=\"10.3847\/0067-0049\/222\/1\/8\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2016ApJS..222....8D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 132\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 132\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=MESA%20Isochrones%20and%20Stellar%20Tracks%20%28MIST%29%200%3A%20Methods%20for%20the%20construction%20of%20stellar%20isochrones&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.%20Suppl.%20Ser.&amp;doi=10.3847%2F0067-0049%2F222%2F1%2F8&amp;volume=222&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Dotter%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"133.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR133\">Choi, J. et al. Mesa Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST). I. Solar-scaled models. Astrophys. J. <b>823<\/b>, 102 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3847\/0004-637X\/823\/2\/102\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3847\/0004-637X\/823\/2\/102\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3847%2F0004-637X%2F823%2F2%2F102\" aria-label=\"Article reference 133\" data-doi=\"10.3847\/0004-637X\/823\/2\/102\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2016ApJ...823..102C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 133\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 133\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Mesa%20Isochrones%20and%20Stellar%20Tracks%20%28MIST%29.%20I.%20Solar-scaled%20models&amp;journal=Astrophys.%20J.&amp;doi=10.3847%2F0004-637X%2F823%2F2%2F102&amp;volume=823&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Choi%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"134.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR134\">Munoz-Sanchez, G. et al. The dramatic transition of the extreme red supergiant WOH G64 to a yellow hypergiant. figshare <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6084\/m9.figshare.30738671\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.6084\/m9.figshare.30738671\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6084\/m9.figshare.30738671<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Meynet, G. &amp; Maeder, A. Stellar evolution with rotation. X. Wolf\u2013Rayet star populations at solar metallicity. Astron. Astrophys.&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":352507,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[77],"tags":[582,1778,18,910,19,17,452,133,1240,31765],"class_list":["post-352506","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-science","tag-astronomy","tag-astrophysics-and-cosmology","tag-eire","tag-general","tag-ie","tag-ireland","tag-physics","tag-science","tag-stars","tag-stellar-evolution"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@ie\/116121549188469105","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/352506","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=352506"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/352506\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/352507"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=352506"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=352506"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=352506"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}