{"id":485070,"date":"2026-05-14T23:01:21","date_gmt":"2026-05-14T23:01:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/485070\/"},"modified":"2026-05-14T23:01:21","modified_gmt":"2026-05-14T23:01:21","slug":"future-changes-in-seasonal-sea-level-variability-could-reshape-coastal-ecosystems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/485070\/","title":{"rendered":"Future changes in seasonal sea-level variability could reshape coastal ecosystems"},"content":{"rendered":"<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"1.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">Hoegh-Guldberg, O. &amp; Bruno, J. F. The impact of climate change on the world\u2019s marine ecosystems. Science <b>328<\/b>, 1523\u20131528 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.1189930\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.1189930\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.1189930\" aria-label=\"Article reference 1\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.1189930\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXnsVWnt7Y%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 1\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 1\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20impact%20of%20climate%20change%20on%20the%20world%E2%80%99s%20marine%20ecosystems&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.1189930&amp;volume=328&amp;pages=1523-1528&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Hoegh-Guldberg%2CO&amp;author=Bruno%2CJF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"2.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">Jackson, A. &amp; McIlvenny, J. Coastal squeeze on rocky shores in northern Scotland and some possible ecological impacts. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. <b>400<\/b>, 314\u2013321 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2011.02.012\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2011.02.012\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.jembe.2011.02.012\" aria-label=\"Article reference 2\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2011.02.012\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 2\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Coastal%20squeeze%20on%20rocky%20shores%20in%20northern%20Scotland%20and%20some%20possible%20ecological%20impacts&amp;journal=J.%20Exp.%20Mar.%20Biol.%20Ecol.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.jembe.2011.02.012&amp;volume=400&amp;pages=314-321&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Jackson%2CA&amp;author=McIlvenny%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"3.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">Rilov, G. et al. Sea level rise can severely reduce biodiversity and community net production on rocky shores. Sci. Total Environ. <b>791<\/b>, 148377 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148377\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148377\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2021.148377\" aria-label=\"Article reference 3\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148377\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhtleqsrfJ\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 3\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 3\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Sea%20level%20rise%20can%20severely%20reduce%20biodiversity%20and%20community%20net%20production%20on%20rocky%20shores&amp;journal=Sci.%20Total%20Environ.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2021.148377&amp;volume=791&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Rilov%2CG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"4.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">Kirwan, M. L. &amp; Megonigal, J. P. Tidal wetland stability in the face of human impacts and sea-level rise. Nature <b>504<\/b>, 53\u201360 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nature12856\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nature12856\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnature12856\" aria-label=\"Article reference 4\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nature12856\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhvVyisLjI\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 4\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Tidal%20wetland%20stability%20in%20the%20face%20of%20human%20impacts%20and%20sea-level%20rise&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnature12856&amp;volume=504&amp;pages=53-60&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Kirwan%2CML&amp;author=Megonigal%2CJP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"5.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR5\">Nicholls, R. J. &amp; Cazenave, A. Sea-level rise and its impact on coastal zones. Science <b>328<\/b>, 1517\u20131520 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.1185782\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.1185782\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.1185782\" aria-label=\"Article reference 5\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.1185782\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXnsVWnt7g%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 5\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 5\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Sea-level%20rise%20and%20its%20impact%20on%20coastal%20zones&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.1185782&amp;volume=328&amp;pages=1517-1520&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Nicholls%2CRJ&amp;author=Cazenave%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"6.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR6\">Vinogradov, S. V., Ponte, R. M., Heimbach, P. &amp; Wunsch, C. The mean seasonal cycle in sea level estimated from a data-constrained general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans <b>113<\/b>, C03032 (2008).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2007JC004496\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2007JC004496\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2007JC004496\" aria-label=\"Article reference 6\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2007JC004496\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 6\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20mean%20seasonal%20cycle%20in%20sea%20level%20estimated%20from%20a%20data-constrained%20general%20circulation%20model&amp;journal=J.%20Geophys.%20Res.%20Oceans&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2007JC004496&amp;volume=113&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=Vinogradov%2CSV&amp;author=Ponte%2CRM&amp;author=Heimbach%2CP&amp;author=Wunsch%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"7.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR7\">Ray, R. D., Loomis, B. D. &amp; Zlotnicki, V. The mean seasonal cycle in relative sea level from satellite altimetry and gravimetry. J. Geod. <b>95<\/b>, 80 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s00190-021-01529-1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s00190-021-01529-1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00190-021-01529-1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 7\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s00190-021-01529-1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 7\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20mean%20seasonal%20cycle%20in%20relative%20sea%20level%20from%20satellite%20altimetry%20and%20gravimetry&amp;journal=J.%20Geod.&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs00190-021-01529-1&amp;volume=95&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Ray%2CRD&amp;author=Loomis%2CBD&amp;author=Zlotnicki%2CV\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"8.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR8\">Widlansky, M. J., Long, X. &amp; Schloesser, F. Increase in sea level variability with ocean warming associated with the nonlinear thermal expansion of seawater. Commun. Earth Environ. <b>1<\/b>, 9 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s43247-020-0008-8\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s43247-020-0008-8\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs43247-020-0008-8\" aria-label=\"Article reference 8\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s43247-020-0008-8\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 8\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Increase%20in%20sea%20level%20variability%20with%20ocean%20warming%20associated%20with%20the%20nonlinear%20thermal%20expansion%20of%20seawater&amp;journal=Commun.%20Earth%20Environ.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs43247-020-0008-8&amp;volume=1&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Widlansky%2CMJ&amp;author=Long%2CX&amp;author=Schloesser%2CF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"9.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR9\">Hermans, T. H. J., Busecke, J. J. M. &amp; van de Wal, R. S. W. Future changes in the annual sea-level cycle. Earth\u2019s Future <b>14<\/b>, e2025EF006735 (2026).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2025EF006735\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2025EF006735\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2025EF006735\" aria-label=\"Article reference 9\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2025EF006735\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 9\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Future%20changes%20in%20the%20annual%20sea-level%20cycle&amp;journal=Earth%E2%80%99s%20Future&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2025EF006735&amp;volume=14&amp;publication_year=2026&amp;author=Hermans%2CTHJ&amp;author=Busecke%2CJJM&amp;author=Wal%2CRSW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"10.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR10\">Balke, T., Stock, M., Jensen, K., Bouma, T. J. &amp; Kleyer, M. A global analysis of the seaward salt marsh extent: the importance of tidal range. Water Resour. Res. <b>52<\/b>, 3775\u20133786 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/2015WR018318\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/2015WR018318\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2F2015WR018318\" aria-label=\"Article reference 10\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/2015WR018318\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 10\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20global%20analysis%20of%20the%20seaward%20salt%20marsh%20extent%3A%20the%20importance%20of%20tidal%20range&amp;journal=Water%20Resour.%20Res.&amp;doi=10.1002%2F2015WR018318&amp;volume=52&amp;pages=3775-3786&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Balke%2CT&amp;author=Stock%2CM&amp;author=Jensen%2CK&amp;author=Bouma%2CTJ&amp;author=Kleyer%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"11.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR11\">Connell, J. H. The influence of interspecific competition and other factors on the distribution of the barnacle Chthamalus stellatus. Ecology <b>42<\/b>, 710\u2013723 (1961).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.2307\/1933500\" data-track-item_id=\"10.2307\/1933500\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307%2F1933500\" aria-label=\"Article reference 11\" data-doi=\"10.2307\/1933500\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 11\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20influence%20of%20interspecific%20competition%20and%20other%20factors%20on%20the%20distribution%20of%20the%20barnacle%20Chthamalus%20stellatus&amp;journal=Ecology&amp;doi=10.2307%2F1933500&amp;volume=42&amp;pages=710-723&amp;publication_year=1961&amp;author=Connell%2CJH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"12.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR12\">Kaplanis, N. J., Denny, M. W. &amp; Raimondi, P. T. Vertical distribution of rocky intertidal organisms shifts with sea-level variability on the Northeast Pacific Coast. Global Change Biol. <b>30<\/b>, e17527 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/gcb.17527\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/gcb.17527\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fgcb.17527\" aria-label=\"Article reference 12\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/gcb.17527\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXitlSht7rE\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 12\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 12\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Vertical%20distribution%20of%20rocky%20intertidal%20organisms%20shifts%20with%20sea-level%20variability%20on%20the%20Northeast%20Pacific%20Coast&amp;journal=Global%20Change%20Biol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fgcb.17527&amp;volume=30&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Kaplanis%2CNJ&amp;author=Denny%2CMW&amp;author=Raimondi%2CPT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"13.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR13\">Garc\u00eda Molinos, J. et al. Climate velocity and the future global redistribution of marine biodiversity. Nat. Clim. Change <b>6<\/b>, 83\u201388 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nclimate2769\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nclimate2769\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnclimate2769\" aria-label=\"Article reference 13\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nclimate2769\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 13\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Climate%20velocity%20and%20the%20future%20global%20redistribution%20of%20marine%20biodiversity&amp;journal=Nat.%20Clim.%20Change&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnclimate2769&amp;volume=6&amp;pages=83-88&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Garc%C3%ADa%20Molinos%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"14.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR14\">Borchert, S. M., Osland, M. J., Enwright, N. M. &amp; Griffith, K. T. Coastal wetland adaptation to sea level rise: quantifying potential for landward migration and coastal squeeze. J. Appl. Ecol. <b>55<\/b>, 2876\u20132887 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/1365-2664.13169\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/1365-2664.13169\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2F1365-2664.13169\" aria-label=\"Article reference 14\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/1365-2664.13169\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 14\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Coastal%20wetland%20adaptation%20to%20sea%20level%20rise%3A%20quantifying%20potential%20for%20landward%20migration%20and%20coastal%20squeeze&amp;journal=J.%20Appl.%20Ecol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2F1365-2664.13169&amp;volume=55&amp;pages=2876-2887&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Borchert%2CSM&amp;author=Osland%2CMJ&amp;author=Enwright%2CNM&amp;author=Griffith%2CKT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"15.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR15\">Doody, J. P. Coastal squeeze and managed realignment in southeast England, does it tell us anything about the future?. Ocean Coastal Manag. <b>79<\/b>, 34\u201341 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2012.05.008\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2012.05.008\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.ocecoaman.2012.05.008\" aria-label=\"Article reference 15\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2012.05.008\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 15\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Coastal%20squeeze%20and%20managed%20realignment%20in%20southeast%20England%2C%20does%20it%20tell%20us%20anything%20about%20the%20future%3F&amp;journal=Ocean%20Coastal%20Manag.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.ocecoaman.2012.05.008&amp;volume=79&amp;pages=34-41&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Doody%2CJP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"16.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR16\">Pontee, N. Defining coastal squeeze: a discussion. Ocean Coastal Manag. <b>84<\/b>, 204\u2013207 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2013.07.010\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2013.07.010\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.ocecoaman.2013.07.010\" aria-label=\"Article reference 16\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2013.07.010\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 16\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Defining%20coastal%20squeeze%3A%20a%20discussion&amp;journal=Ocean%20Coastal%20Manag.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.ocecoaman.2013.07.010&amp;volume=84&amp;pages=204-207&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Pontee%2CN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"17.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR17\">Meinshausen, M. et al. The Shared Socio-economic Pathway (SSP) greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions to 2500. Geosci. Model Dev. <b>13<\/b>, 3571\u20133605 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.5194\/gmd-13-3571-2020\" data-track-item_id=\"10.5194\/gmd-13-3571-2020\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194%2Fgmd-13-3571-2020\" aria-label=\"Article reference 17\" data-doi=\"10.5194\/gmd-13-3571-2020\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXntVegsrs%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 17\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 17\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20Shared%20Socio-economic%20Pathway%20%28SSP%29%20greenhouse%20gas%20concentrations%20and%20their%20extensions%20to%202500&amp;journal=Geosci.%20Model%20Dev.&amp;doi=10.5194%2Fgmd-13-3571-2020&amp;volume=13&amp;pages=3571-3605&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Meinshausen%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"18.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR18\">Belliard, J., Gourgue, O., Govers, G., Kirwan, M. L. &amp; Temmerman, S. Coastal wetland adaptability to sea level rise: the neglected role of semi-diurnal vs. diurnal tides. Limnol. Oceanogr. Lett. <b>8<\/b>, 340\u2013349 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/lol2.10298\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/lol2.10298\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Flol2.10298\" aria-label=\"Article reference 18\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/lol2.10298\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 18\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Coastal%20wetland%20adaptability%20to%20sea%20level%20rise%3A%20the%20neglected%20role%20of%20semi-diurnal%20vs.%20diurnal%20tides&amp;journal=Limnol.%20Oceanogr.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Flol2.10298&amp;volume=8&amp;pages=340-349&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Belliard%2CJ&amp;author=Gourgue%2CO&amp;author=Govers%2CG&amp;author=Kirwan%2CML&amp;author=Temmerman%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"19.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR19\">Kirwan, M. L. et al. Limits on the adaptability of coastal marshes to rising sea level. Geophys. Res. Lett. <b>37<\/b>, L23401 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2010GL045489\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2010GL045489\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2010GL045489\" aria-label=\"Article reference 19\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2010GL045489\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 19\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Limits%20on%20the%20adaptability%20of%20coastal%20marshes%20to%20rising%20sea%20level&amp;journal=Geophys.%20Res.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2010GL045489&amp;volume=37&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Kirwan%2CML\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"20.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR20\">Peterson, E. A. et al. Determining physiological responses of mussels (Mytilus edulis) to hypoxia by combining multiple sensor techniques. Conserv. Physiol. <b>13<\/b>, coaf023 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/conphys\/coaf023\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/conphys\/coaf023\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fconphys%2Fcoaf023\" aria-label=\"Article reference 20\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/conphys\/coaf023\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 20\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Determining%20physiological%20responses%20of%20mussels%20%28Mytilus%20edulis%29%20to%20hypoxia%20by%20combining%20multiple%20sensor%20techniques&amp;journal=Conserv.%20Physiol.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fconphys%2Fcoaf023&amp;volume=13&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Peterson%2CEA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"21.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR21\">Babarro, J. M. F., Labarta, U. &amp; Reiriz, M. J. F. Energy metabolism and performance of Mytilus galloprovincialis under anaerobiosis. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK <b>87<\/b>, 941\u2013946 (2007).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1017\/S0025315407053726\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1017\/S0025315407053726\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017%2FS0025315407053726\" aria-label=\"Article reference 21\" data-doi=\"10.1017\/S0025315407053726\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXotlSlu7g%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 21\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 21\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Energy%20metabolism%20and%20performance%20of%20Mytilus%20galloprovincialis%20under%20anaerobiosis&amp;journal=J.%20Mar.%20Biol.%20Assoc.%20UK&amp;doi=10.1017%2FS0025315407053726&amp;volume=87&amp;pages=941-946&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;author=Babarro%2CJMF&amp;author=Labarta%2CU&amp;author=Reiriz%2CMJF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"22.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR22\">Wethey, D. S. et al. Response of intertidal populations to climate: effects of extreme events versus long term change. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. <b>400<\/b>, 132\u2013144 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2011.02.008\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2011.02.008\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.jembe.2011.02.008\" aria-label=\"Article reference 22\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2011.02.008\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 22\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Response%20of%20intertidal%20populations%20to%20climate%3A%20effects%20of%20extreme%20events%20versus%20long%20term%20change&amp;journal=J.%20Exp.%20Mar.%20Biol.%20Ecol.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.jembe.2011.02.008&amp;volume=400&amp;pages=132-144&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Wethey%2CDS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"23.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR23\">Pendleton, R. M., Hoeinghaus, D. J., Gomes, L. C. &amp; Agostinho, A. A. Trophic downgrading results in complex ecosystem dynamics in experimental tropical floodplain food webs. Hydrobiologia <b>760<\/b>, 15\u201328 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s10750-015-2299-9\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s10750-015-2299-9\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s10750-015-2299-9\" aria-label=\"Article reference 23\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s10750-015-2299-9\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 23\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Trophic%20downgrading%20results%20in%20complex%20ecosystem%20dynamics%20in%20experimental%20tropical%20floodplain%20food%20webs&amp;journal=Hydrobiologia&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs10750-015-2299-9&amp;volume=760&amp;pages=15-28&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Pendleton%2CRM&amp;author=Hoeinghaus%2CDJ&amp;author=Gomes%2CLC&amp;author=Agostinho%2CAA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"24.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR24\">Strain, E. M. et al. The role of changing climate in driving the shift from perennial grasses to annual succulents in a Mediterranean saltmarsh. J. Ecol. <b>105<\/b>, 1374\u20131385 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/1365-2745.12799\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/1365-2745.12799\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2F1365-2745.12799\" aria-label=\"Article reference 24\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/1365-2745.12799\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 24\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20role%20of%20changing%20climate%20in%20driving%20the%20shift%20from%20perennial%20grasses%20to%20annual%20succulents%20in%20a%20Mediterranean%20saltmarsh&amp;journal=J.%20Ecol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2F1365-2745.12799&amp;volume=105&amp;pages=1374-1385&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Strain%2CEM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"25.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR25\">Estes, J. A. et al. Trophic downgrading of planet Earth. Science <b>333<\/b>, 301\u2013306 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.1205106\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.1205106\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.1205106\" aria-label=\"Article reference 25\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.1205106\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXos1ylur0%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 25\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 25\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Trophic%20downgrading%20of%20planet%20Earth&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.1205106&amp;volume=333&amp;pages=301-306&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Estes%2CJA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"26.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR26\">Hart-Davis, M. G. et al. EOT20: a global ocean tide model from multi-mission satellite altimetry. Earth Syst. Sci. Data <b>13<\/b>, 3869\u20133884 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.5194\/essd-13-3869-2021\" data-track-item_id=\"10.5194\/essd-13-3869-2021\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194%2Fessd-13-3869-2021\" aria-label=\"Article reference 26\" data-doi=\"10.5194\/essd-13-3869-2021\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 26\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=EOT20%3A%20a%20global%20ocean%20tide%20model%20from%20multi-mission%20satellite%20altimetry&amp;journal=Earth%20Syst.%20Sci.%20Data&amp;doi=10.5194%2Fessd-13-3869-2021&amp;volume=13&amp;pages=3869-3884&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Hart-Davis%2CMG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"27.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR27\">Piccioni, G., Dettmering, D., Bosch, W. &amp; Seitz, F. TICON: TIdal CONstants based on GESLA sea-level records from globally located tide gauges. Geosci. Data J. <b>6<\/b>, 97\u2013104 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/gdj3.72\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/gdj3.72\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fgdj3.72\" aria-label=\"Article reference 27\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/gdj3.72\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 27\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=TICON%3A%20TIdal%20CONstants%20based%20on%20GESLA%20sea-level%20records%20from%20globally%20located%20tide%20gauges&amp;journal=Geosci.%20Data%20J.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fgdj3.72&amp;volume=6&amp;pages=97-104&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Piccioni%2CG&amp;author=Dettmering%2CD&amp;author=Bosch%2CW&amp;author=Seitz%2CF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"28.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR28\">Hasselmann, K. Stochastic climate models part I. Theory. tellus <b>28<\/b>, 473\u2013485 (1976).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 28\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Stochastic%20climate%20models%20part%20I&amp;journal=Theory.%20tellus&amp;volume=28&amp;pages=473-485&amp;publication_year=1976&amp;author=Hasselmann%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"29.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR29\">Uhlenbeck, G. E. &amp; Ornstein, L. S. On the theory of the Brownian motion. Phys. Rev. <b>36<\/b>, 823 (1930).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRev.36.823\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRev.36.823\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRev.36.823\" aria-label=\"Article reference 29\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRev.36.823\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DyaA3MXitFKr\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 29\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 29\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=On%20the%20theory%20of%20the%20Brownian%20motion&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRev.36.823&amp;volume=36&amp;publication_year=1930&amp;author=Uhlenbeck%2CGE&amp;author=Ornstein%2CLS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"30.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR30\">Gardiner, C. W. Stochastic Methods: A Handbook for the Natural and Social Sciences (Springer, 2009).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"31.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR31\">Hermans, T. Annual sea-level cycle changes based on CMIP6 simulations (v1.0). Zenodo <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.17223309\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.5281\/zenodo.17223309\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.17223309<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"32.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR32\">Eyring, V. et al. Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization. Geosci. Model Dev. <b>9<\/b>, 1937\u20131958 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.5194\/gmd-9-1937-2016\" data-track-item_id=\"10.5194\/gmd-9-1937-2016\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194%2Fgmd-9-1937-2016\" aria-label=\"Article reference 32\" data-doi=\"10.5194\/gmd-9-1937-2016\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 32\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Overview%20of%20the%20Coupled%20Model%20Intercomparison%20Project%20Phase%206%20%28CMIP6%29%20experimental%20design%20and%20organization&amp;journal=Geosci.%20Model%20Dev.&amp;doi=10.5194%2Fgmd-9-1937-2016&amp;volume=9&amp;pages=1937-1958&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Eyring%2CV\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"33.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR33\">Fivash, G. S. &amp; Hermans, T. H. J. Timh37\/aslc_intertidal: analysis of intertidal exposure due to the ASLC (v1.1). Zenodo <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.18731490\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.5281\/zenodo.18731490\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.18731490<\/a> (2026).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Hoegh-Guldberg, O. &amp; Bruno, J. F. The impact of climate change on the world\u2019s marine ecosystems. Science 328,&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":485071,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[269],"tags":[442,6134,39116,11880,18,440,29959,910,19,17,6234,133],"class_list":{"0":"post-485070","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-environment","8":"tag-climate-change","9":"tag-climate-change-climate-change-impacts","10":"tag-climate-change-ecology","11":"tag-climate-change-impacts","12":"tag-eire","13":"tag-environment","14":"tag-environmental-law-policy-ecojustice","15":"tag-general","16":"tag-ie","17":"tag-ireland","18":"tag-physical-oceanography","19":"tag-science"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@ie\/116575422745373373","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/485070","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=485070"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/485070\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/485071"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=485070"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=485070"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=485070"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}