{"id":603626,"date":"2026-07-25T13:24:13","date_gmt":"2026-07-25T13:24:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/603626\/"},"modified":"2026-07-25T13:24:13","modified_gmt":"2026-07-25T13:24:13","slug":"a-new-cholesterol-pill-could-change-the-fight-against-heart-disease","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/603626\/","title":{"rendered":"A new cholesterol pill could change the fight against heart disease"},"content":{"rendered":"

Last week, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a small pill called enlicitide<\/a>. It is a tablet you swallow once a day on an empty stomach with a sip of black coffee, water, or tea. But it does something that until now took a needle and a specialist\u2019s prescription: It lowers the most dangerous kind of cholesterol by nearly 60 percent<\/a>, about as much as the strongest injectable drugs on the market.<\/p>\n

If that sounds less innovative than some of the medical advances I sometimes cover here \u2014 there\u2019s no AI or gene editing involved \u2014 you\u2019re missing the story. Enlicitide is just the latest example of how medicine has been quietly making progress against the deadliest thing in the modern world.<\/p>\n

That thing is heart disease. It has been the leading cause of death in the United States<\/a> for essentially a century, and in 2025 it killed 694,708 Americans<\/a> \u2014 about one in five deaths \u2014 more than every form of cancer combined. Around the world, cardiovascular disease kills roughly 20 million people a year<\/a>, the biggest cause of death on the planet.<\/p>\n

But today, our enemy is on the retreat. In the US, the age-adjusted death rate from cardiovascular disease has fallen about three-quarters since 1950<\/a>. In plain terms: A 60-year-old today is roughly four times less likely to die of heart disease this year than a 60-year-old was when Harry Truman was president. As I wrote last year<\/a>, deaths specifically from heart attacks are down 89 percent since 1970.<\/p>\n

That progress comes down to a single number. Low-density lipoprotein, or LDL, aka the \u201cbad\u201d cholesterol your doctor always wants you to lower. Until recently, a high LDL score was all but inescapable, something you could nudge lower with a better diet and willpower but struggle to really fix. What has changed is that we can now lower LDL for nearly anyone who needs it \u2014 further, more easily, and earlier in life than before.<\/p>\n

A lifesaving genetic mutation<\/strong><\/p>\n

It\u2019s a story that goes back 20 years. In the early 2000s, two geneticists at University of Texas Southwestern, Helen Hobbs and Jonathan Cohen<\/a>, wanted to solve a medical mystery: Why did some individuals have striking low cholesterol levels? They combed the Dallas Heart Study<\/a> for an answer. They found a handful \u2014 many of them Black Americans \u2014 carrying a broken copy of a gene called PCSK9. Their bodies cleared LDL from the blood with unusual efficiency, and the payoff was staggering: carriers of the strongest variant had about 28 percent lower LDL and roughly 88 percent lower risk of heart disease<\/a> than people who did not carry the mutation.<\/p>\n

That finding proved lowering LDL prevents heart attacks, and it handed drugmakers a target: copy that gene. Every PCSK9 drug since \u2014 including the new enlicitide \u2014 imitates a mutation a few people in Dallas were simply born with.<\/p>\n

Millions of Americans still take the old cholesterol-lowering workhorses, statins, and they\u2019ve proven highly effective at reducing heart disease<\/a> for most people. But not everyone: Some people can\u2019t tolerate the muscle aches; others take them faithfully and still don\u2019t get their LDL low enough. Enlicitide is built for exactly those people: a pill as cholesterol-lowering as an injection but without the needle, and a drug that spares them the statin muscle aches.<\/p>\n

If the pill is today, gene editing is tomorrow<\/a> \u2014 and it may be the answer to a problem no pill can reliably solve: getting people to keep taking their medicine.<\/p>\n

About half of patients on statins quit them within a year<\/a>, and a daily pill, however potent, only helps the people who actually take it. So that demands a fix you can\u2019t forget. A company called Verve Therapeutics, now owned by Eli Lilly, has been testing a treatment that makes a single-letter edit to the PCSK9 gene in the liver \u2014 one infusion, in theory for life. In its first human trial, published over the spring in the New England Journal of Medicine<\/a>, a single dose cut LDL by as much as 62 percent<\/a>, and held it there for more than a year. Instead of a pill mimicking the effects of the genetic mutation that protected those people in Dallas, gene editing just switches off the gene.<\/p>\n

As important as it is, cholesterol isn\u2019t the whole story when it comes to heart disease. There\u2019s smoking, which declined<\/a> from about 40 percent of US adults in the 1960s to under 15 percent today, sparing countless arteries. High blood pressure \u2014 the silent condition that killed President Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/a> at 63 in 1945, when doctors had few effective ways to treat it \u2014 can now be caught early and treated with cheap generic pills.<\/p>\n

And then there are the GLP-1s. More than one in 10 US adults say they are currently on an anti-obesity drug<\/a>, and whatever else you may think of them, they\u2019ll make a significant dent in heart disease. In one major trial semaglutide cut cardiovascular events by 20 percent<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Still, the war on heart disease won\u2019t be easy to win.<\/p>\n

Just because a pill like enlicitide has been proven to lower a lab value does not mean it\u2019s yet proven to lower deaths. They should \u2014 the injectable versions of these drugs cut heart attacks and strokes by about 20 percent<\/a> in long trials. But enlicitide\u2019s own outcomes study won\u2019t conclude for years.<\/p>\n

Precisely because the condition itself so widespread, treatments for heart disease will only be effective if they are equally widespread.<\/p>\n

Heart disease is shifting, too. The same research showing heart-attack deaths down 89 percent found deaths from other heart conditions \u2014 heart failure, arrhythmias, hypertensive disease \u2014 up 81 percent since 1970<\/a>, though because heart attacks were killing several times as many people, overall heart-disease deaths have still dropped by about two-thirds since 1970. Some of that shift is perversely the result of success: people who might have died of an initial heart attack now live long enough for the heart to wear out in other ways. And some of this is the reverse of progress: As smoking and cholesterol fell, obesity climbed to about 40 percent of US adults<\/a>, pulling diabetes and high blood pressure with it.<\/p>\n

And then there\u2019s perhaps the biggest problem in medicine: access. A 60 percent drop in cholesterol helps only the people who can actually get the drug. Half of patients abandon cheap statins within a year. Enlicitide arrives at about $300 a month<\/a> with uncertain insurance coverage. The gene edit, whenever it becomes available, will certainly cost far more, and at first will reach only the sickest.<\/p>\n

More than 60 percent of US adults are projected<\/a> to have some form of heart disease over the course of their life. Precisely because the condition itself so widespread, treatments for heart disease will only be effective if they are equally widespread.<\/p>\n

Which brings us back to that unassuming little pill. It\u2019s just a tablet, doing what a generation of scientists spent their careers trying to do: turning one of the deadliest numbers in medicine into one you can change. It\u2019s the kind of progress that\u2019s too easy to miss \u2014 until it saves your life.<\/p>\n

A version of this story originally appeared in the Good News newsletter. Sign up here!<\/a><\/p>\n

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Swati Sharma<\/p>\n

Vox Editor-in-Chief<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Last week, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a small pill called enlicitide. It is a tablet…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":603627,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[274],"tags":[18,4863,2953,135,475,19,17,462,12318,2101],"class_list":["post-603626","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-medication","tag-eire","tag-future-perfect","tag-good-news","tag-health","tag-health-care","tag-ie","tag-ireland","tag-medication","tag-policy","tag-public-health"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@ie\/116980841083196101","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/603626","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=603626"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/603626\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/603627"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=603626"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=603626"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=603626"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}