{"id":680770,"date":"2026-09-09T19:11:19","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T19:11:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/680770\/"},"modified":"2026-09-09T19:11:19","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T19:11:19","slug":"novel-insight-into-the-effects-of-the-metabolites-from-gut-microbiota-in-both-unmedicated-depressive-adolescents-and-mice-key-roles-of-indole-derivatives-aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor-signaling-in-neurog","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/680770\/","title":{"rendered":"Novel insight into the effects of the metabolites from gut microbiota in both unmedicated depressive adolescents and mice: key roles of indole derivatives-aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling in neurogenesis and microglial homeostasis"},"content":{"rendered":"<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"1.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">Winter G, Hart RA, Charlesworth RPG, Sharpley CF. Gut microbiome and depression: what we know and what we need to know. Rev Neurosci. 2018;29:629\u201343.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1515\/revneuro-2017-0072\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1515\/revneuro-2017-0072\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515%2Frevneuro-2017-0072\" aria-label=\"Article reference 1\" data-doi=\"10.1515\/revneuro-2017-0072\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=29397391\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 1\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 1\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Gut%20microbiome%20and%20depression%3A%20what%20we%20know%20and%20what%20we%20need%20to%20know&amp;journal=Rev%20Neurosci&amp;doi=10.1515%2Frevneuro-2017-0072&amp;volume=29&amp;pages=629-43&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Winter%2CG&amp;author=Hart%2CRA&amp;author=Charlesworth%2CRPG&amp;author=Sharpley%2CCF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"2.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">Ye X, Wang D, Zhu H, Wang D, Li J, Tang Y, et al. Gut microbiota changes in patients with major depressive disorder treated with vortioxetine. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:641491.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.641491\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.641491\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389%2Ffpsyt.2021.641491\" aria-label=\"Article reference 2\" data-doi=\"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.641491\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=34025474\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 2\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8138160\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 2\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 2\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Gut%20microbiota%20changes%20in%20patients%20with%20major%20depressive%20disorder%20treated%20with%20vortioxetine&amp;journal=Front%20Psychiatry&amp;doi=10.3389%2Ffpsyt.2021.641491&amp;volume=12&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Ye%2CX&amp;author=Wang%2CD&amp;author=Zhu%2CH&amp;author=Wang%2CD&amp;author=Li%2CJ&amp;author=Tang%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"3.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">Dwyer JB, Stringaris A, Brent DA, Bloch MH. Annual research review: defining and treating pediatric treatment-resistant depression. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2020;61:312\u201332.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/jcpp.13202\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/jcpp.13202\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fjcpp.13202\" aria-label=\"Article reference 3\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/jcpp.13202\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32020643\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 3\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8314167\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 3\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 3\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Annual%20research%20review%3A%20defining%20and%20treating%20pediatric%20treatment-resistant%20depression&amp;journal=J%20Child%20Psychol%20Psychiatry&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fjcpp.13202&amp;volume=61&amp;pages=312-32&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Dwyer%2CJB&amp;author=Stringaris%2CA&amp;author=Brent%2CDA&amp;author=Bloch%2CMH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"4.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">K\u00e4mpfen F, Kohler IV, Ciancio A, de Bruin WB, Maurer J, Kohler HP. Predictors of mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic in the US: role of economic concerns, health worries and social distancing. PLoS One. 2020;15:e0241895.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241895\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241895\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0241895\" aria-label=\"Article reference 4\" data-doi=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241895\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=33175894\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7657497\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 4\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Predictors%20of%20mental%20health%20during%20the%20Covid-19%20pandemic%20in%20the%20US%3A%20role%20of%20economic%20concerns%2C%20health%20worries%20and%20social%20distancing&amp;journal=PLoS%20One&amp;doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0241895&amp;volume=15&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=K%C3%A4mpfen%2CF&amp;author=Kohler%2CIV&amp;author=Ciancio%2CA&amp;author=Bruin%2CWB&amp;author=Maurer%2CJ&amp;author=Kohler%2CHP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"5.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR5\">Kuehner C. Why is depression more common among women than among men? Lancet Psychiatry. 2017;4:146\u201358.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30263-2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30263-2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2FS2215-0366%2816%2930263-2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 5\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30263-2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=27856392\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 5\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 5\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Why%20is%20depression%20more%20common%20among%20women%20than%20among%20men%3F&amp;journal=Lancet%20Psychiatry&amp;doi=10.1016%2FS2215-0366%2816%2930263-2&amp;volume=4&amp;pages=146-58&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Kuehner%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"6.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR6\">Avenevoli S, Swendsen J, He JP, Burstein M, Merikangas KR. Major depression in the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement: prevalence, correlates, and treatment. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2015;54:37\u201344 e2.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.10.010\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.10.010\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.jaac.2014.10.010\" aria-label=\"Article reference 6\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.10.010\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=25524788\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 6\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 6\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Major%20depression%20in%20the%20National%20Comorbidity%20Survey-Adolescent%20Supplement%3A%20prevalence%2C%20correlates%2C%20and%20treatment&amp;journal=J%20Am%20Acad%20Child%20Adolesc%20Psychiatry&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.jaac.2014.10.010&amp;volume=54&amp;pages=37-44%20e2&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Avenevoli%2CS&amp;author=Swendsen%2CJ&amp;author=He%2CJP&amp;author=Burstein%2CM&amp;author=Merikangas%2CKR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"7.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR7\">Thapar A, Collishaw S, Pine DS, Thapar AK. Depression in adolescence. Lancet. 2012;379:1056\u201367.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60871-4\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60871-4\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2811%2960871-4\" aria-label=\"Article reference 7\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60871-4\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=22305766\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 7\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3488279\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 7\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 7\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Depression%20in%20adolescence&amp;journal=Lancet&amp;doi=10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2811%2960871-4&amp;volume=379&amp;pages=1056-67&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Thapar%2CA&amp;author=Collishaw%2CS&amp;author=Pine%2CDS&amp;author=Thapar%2CAK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"8.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR8\">Weissman MM, Wolk S, Goldstein RB, Moreau D, Adams P, Greenwald S, et al. Depressed adolescents grown up. JAMA. 1999;281:1707\u201313.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1001\/jama.281.18.1707\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1001\/jama.281.18.1707\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001%2Fjama.281.18.1707\" aria-label=\"Article reference 8\" data-doi=\"10.1001\/jama.281.18.1707\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DyaK1M3lvVKhsA%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 8\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=10328070\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 8\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 8\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Depressed%20adolescents%20grown%20up&amp;journal=JAMA&amp;doi=10.1001%2Fjama.281.18.1707&amp;volume=281&amp;pages=1707-13&amp;publication_year=1999&amp;author=Weissman%2CMM&amp;author=Wolk%2CS&amp;author=Goldstein%2CRB&amp;author=Moreau%2CD&amp;author=Adams%2CP&amp;author=Greenwald%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"9.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR9\">Leone M, Kuja-Halkola R, Leval A, D\u2019Onofrio BM, Larsson H, Lichtenstein P, et al. Association of youth depression with subsequent somatic diseases and premature death. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021;78:302\u201310.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.3786\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.3786\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001%2Fjamapsychiatry.2020.3786\" aria-label=\"Article reference 9\" data-doi=\"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.3786\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=33295952\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 9\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7726699\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 9\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 9\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Association%20of%20youth%20depression%20with%20subsequent%20somatic%20diseases%20and%20premature%20death&amp;journal=JAMA%20Psychiatry&amp;doi=10.1001%2Fjamapsychiatry.2020.3786&amp;volume=78&amp;pages=302-10&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Leone%2CM&amp;author=Kuja-Halkola%2CR&amp;author=Leval%2CA&amp;author=D%E2%80%99Onofrio%2CBM&amp;author=Larsson%2CH&amp;author=Lichtenstein%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"10.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR10\">Knudsen JK, Bundgaard-Nielsen C, Hjerrild S, Nielsen RE, Leutscher P, S\u00f8rensen S. Gut microbiota variations in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder-a systematic review. Brain Behav. 2021;11:e02177.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/brb3.2177\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/brb3.2177\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fbrb3.2177\" aria-label=\"Article reference 10\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/brb3.2177\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XhvF2mtL7I\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 10\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=34047485\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 10\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8323045\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 10\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 10\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Gut%20microbiota%20variations%20in%20patients%20diagnosed%20with%20major%20depressive%20disorder-a%20systematic%20review&amp;journal=Brain%20Behav&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fbrb3.2177&amp;volume=11&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Knudsen%2CJK&amp;author=Bundgaard-Nielsen%2CC&amp;author=Hjerrild%2CS&amp;author=Nielsen%2CRE&amp;author=Leutscher%2CP&amp;author=S%C3%B8rensen%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"11.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR11\">Thapa S, Sheu JC, Venkatachalam A, Runge JK, Luna RA, Calarge CA. Gut microbiome in adolescent depression. J Affect Disord. 2021;292:500\u20137.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.05.107\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.05.107\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.jad.2021.05.107\" aria-label=\"Article reference 11\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.05.107\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhvFyiurbK\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=34146902\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8282757\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 11\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Gut%20microbiome%20in%20adolescent%20depression&amp;journal=J%20Affect%20Disord&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.jad.2021.05.107&amp;volume=292&amp;pages=500-7&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Thapa%2CS&amp;author=Sheu%2CJC&amp;author=Venkatachalam%2CA&amp;author=Runge%2CJK&amp;author=Luna%2CRA&amp;author=Calarge%2CCA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"12.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR12\">Cryan JF, O\u2019Mahony SM. The microbiome-gut-brain axis: from bowel to behavior. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011;23:187\u201392.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01664.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01664.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2982.2010.01664.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 12\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01664.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BC3M7nvVSmtw%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 12\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=21303428\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 12\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 12\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20microbiome-gut-brain%20axis%3A%20from%20bowel%20to%20behavior&amp;journal=Neurogastroenterol%20Motil&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1365-2982.2010.01664.x&amp;volume=23&amp;pages=187-92&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Cryan%2CJF&amp;author=O%E2%80%99Mahony%2CSM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"13.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR13\">Clarke G, Grenham S, Scully P, Fitzgerald P, Moloney RD, Shanahan F, et al. The microbiome-gut-brain axis during early life regulates the hippocampal serotonergic system in a sex-dependent manner. Mol Psychiatry. 2013;18:666\u201373.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/mp.2012.77\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/mp.2012.77\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fmp.2012.77\" aria-label=\"Article reference 13\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/mp.2012.77\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXot1aku7w%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 13\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=22688187\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 13\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 13\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20microbiome-gut-brain%20axis%20during%20early%20life%20regulates%20the%20hippocampal%20serotonergic%20system%20in%20a%20sex-dependent%20manner&amp;journal=Mol%20Psychiatry&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fmp.2012.77&amp;volume=18&amp;pages=666-73&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Clarke%2CG&amp;author=Grenham%2CS&amp;author=Scully%2CP&amp;author=Fitzgerald%2CP&amp;author=Moloney%2CRD&amp;author=Shanahan%2CF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"14.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR14\">Bistoletti M, Caputi V, Baranzini N, Marchesi N, Filpa V, Marsilio I, et al. Antibiotic treatment-induced dysbiosis differently affects BDNF and TrkB expression in the brain and in the gut of juvenile mice. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0212856.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212856\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212856\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0212856\" aria-label=\"Article reference 14\" data-doi=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212856\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXmtFCrt7o%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 14\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30794676\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 14\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6386304\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 14\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 14\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Antibiotic%20treatment-induced%20dysbiosis%20differently%20affects%20BDNF%20and%20TrkB%20expression%20in%20the%20brain%20and%20in%20the%20gut%20of%20juvenile%20mice&amp;journal=PLoS%20One&amp;doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0212856&amp;volume=14&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Bistoletti%2CM&amp;author=Caputi%2CV&amp;author=Baranzini%2CN&amp;author=Marchesi%2CN&amp;author=Filpa%2CV&amp;author=Marsilio%2CI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"15.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR15\">Fan X, Deng H, Qiu J, Ji H, Shen X. Antibiotics-induced depression in mice via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. J Affect Disord. 2022;318:152\u20138.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.08.059\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.08.059\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.jad.2022.08.059\" aria-label=\"Article reference 15\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.08.059\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XisFKit77I\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 15\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=36075400\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 15\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 15\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Antibiotics-induced%20depression%20in%20mice%20via%20the%20microbiota-gut-brain%20axis&amp;journal=J%20Affect%20Disord&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.jad.2022.08.059&amp;volume=318&amp;pages=152-8&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Fan%2CX&amp;author=Deng%2CH&amp;author=Qiu%2CJ&amp;author=Ji%2CH&amp;author=Shen%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"16.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR16\">Chahwan B, Kwan S, Isik A, van Hemert S, Burke C, Roberts L. Gut feelings: a randomised, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial of probiotics for depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord. 2019;253:317\u201326.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.04.097\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.04.097\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.jad.2019.04.097\" aria-label=\"Article reference 16\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.04.097\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=31078831\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 16\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 16\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Gut%20feelings%3A%20a%20randomised%2C%20triple-blind%2C%20placebo-controlled%20trial%20of%20probiotics%20for%20depressive%20symptoms&amp;journal=J%20Affect%20Disord&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.jad.2019.04.097&amp;volume=253&amp;pages=317-26&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Chahwan%2CB&amp;author=Kwan%2CS&amp;author=Isik%2CA&amp;author=Hemert%2CS&amp;author=Burke%2CC&amp;author=Roberts%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"17.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR17\">Ma ZF, Yusof N, Hamid N, Lawenko RM, Mohammad WMZW, Liong MT, et al. Bifidobacterium infantis M-63 improves mental health in victims with irritable bowel syndrome developed after a major flood disaster. Benef Microbes. 2019;10:111\u201320.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3920\/BM2018.0008\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3920\/BM2018.0008\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3920%2FBM2018.0008\" aria-label=\"Article reference 17\" data-doi=\"10.3920\/BM2018.0008\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXitl2qu77O\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 17\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30525951\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 17\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 17\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Bifidobacterium%20infantis%20M-63%20improves%20mental%20health%20in%20victims%20with%20irritable%20bowel%20syndrome%20developed%20after%20a%20major%20flood%20disaster&amp;journal=Benef%20Microbes&amp;doi=10.3920%2FBM2018.0008&amp;volume=10&amp;pages=111-20&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Ma%2CZF&amp;author=Yusof%2CN&amp;author=Hamid%2CN&amp;author=Lawenko%2CRM&amp;author=Mohammad%2CWMZW&amp;author=Liong%2CMT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"18.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR18\">Kazemi A, Noorbala AA, Azam K, Eskandari MH, Djafarian K. Effect of probiotic and prebiotic vs placebo on psychological outcomes in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr. 2019;38:522\u20138.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.04.010\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.04.010\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.clnu.2018.04.010\" aria-label=\"Article reference 18\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.04.010\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXos1Kkt7o%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 18\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=29731182\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 18\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 18\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Effect%20of%20probiotic%20and%20prebiotic%20vs%20placebo%20on%20psychological%20outcomes%20in%20patients%20with%20major%20depressive%20disorder%3A%20a%20randomized%20clinical%20trial&amp;journal=Clin%20Nutr&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.clnu.2018.04.010&amp;volume=38&amp;pages=522-8&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Kazemi%2CA&amp;author=Noorbala%2CAA&amp;author=Azam%2CK&amp;author=Eskandari%2CMH&amp;author=Djafarian%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"19.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR19\">Kilin\u00e7arslan S, Evrensel A. The effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on psychiatric symptoms among patients with inflammatory bowel disease: an experimental study. Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2020;48:1\u20137.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32297646\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 19\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 19\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20effect%20of%20fecal%20microbiota%20transplantation%20on%20psychiatric%20symptoms%20among%20patients%20with%20inflammatory%20bowel%20disease%3A%20an%20experimental%20study&amp;journal=Actas%20Esp%20Psiquiatr&amp;volume=48&amp;pages=1-7&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Kilin%C3%A7arslan%2CS&amp;author=Evrensel%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"20.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR20\">Hou Y, Li J, Ying S. Tryptophan metabolism and gut microbiota: a novel regulatory axis integrating the microbiome, immunity, and cancer. Metabolites. 2023;13:1166.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3390\/metabo13111166\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3390\/metabo13111166\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390%2Fmetabo13111166\" aria-label=\"Article reference 20\" data-doi=\"10.3390\/metabo13111166\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXisVymsrbK\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 20\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=37999261\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 20\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10673612\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 20\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 20\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Tryptophan%20metabolism%20and%20gut%20microbiota%3A%20a%20novel%20regulatory%20axis%20integrating%20the%20microbiome%2C%20immunity%2C%20and%20cancer&amp;journal=Metabolites&amp;doi=10.3390%2Fmetabo13111166&amp;volume=13&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Hou%2CY&amp;author=Li%2CJ&amp;author=Ying%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"21.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR21\">Wang X, Hu M, Wu W, Lou X, Gao R, Ma T, et al. Indole derivatives ameliorated the methamphetamine-induced depression and anxiety via aryl hydrocarbon receptor along \u2018microbiota-brain\u2019 axis. Gut Microbes. 2025;17:2470386.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2470386\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2470386\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F19490976.2025.2470386\" aria-label=\"Article reference 21\" data-doi=\"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2470386\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=39996473\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 21\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC11864316\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 21\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 21\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Indole%20derivatives%20ameliorated%20the%20methamphetamine-induced%20depression%20and%20anxiety%20via%20aryl%20hydrocarbon%20receptor%20along%20%E2%80%98microbiota-brain%E2%80%99%20axis&amp;journal=Gut%20Microbes&amp;doi=10.1080%2F19490976.2025.2470386&amp;volume=17&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Wang%2CX&amp;author=Hu%2CM&amp;author=Wu%2CW&amp;author=Lou%2CX&amp;author=Gao%2CR&amp;author=Ma%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"22.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR22\">Brydges CR, Fiehn O, Mayberg HS, Schreiber H, Dehkordi SM, Bhattacharyya S, et al. Indoxyl sulfate, a gut microbiome-derived uremic toxin, is associated with psychic anxiety and its functional magnetic resonance imaging-based neurologic signature. Sci Rep. 2021;11:21011.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41598-021-99845-1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41598-021-99845-1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41598-021-99845-1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 22\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41598-021-99845-1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXitlWmtrjO\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 22\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=34697401\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 22\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8546034\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 22\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 22\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Indoxyl%20sulfate%2C%20a%20gut%20microbiome-derived%20uremic%20toxin%2C%20is%20associated%20with%20psychic%20anxiety%20and%20its%20functional%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging-based%20neurologic%20signature&amp;journal=Sci%20Rep&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41598-021-99845-1&amp;volume=11&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Brydges%2CCR&amp;author=Fiehn%2CO&amp;author=Mayberg%2CHS&amp;author=Schreiber%2CH&amp;author=Dehkordi%2CSM&amp;author=Bhattacharyya%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"23.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR23\">Chen Y, Tian P, Wang Z, Pan R, Shang K, Wang G, et al. Indole acetic acid exerts anti-depressive effects on an animal model of chronic mild stress. Nutrients. 2022;14:5019.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3390\/nu14235019\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3390\/nu14235019\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390%2Fnu14235019\" aria-label=\"Article reference 23\" data-doi=\"10.3390\/nu14235019\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XjtFCmsrnK\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 23\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=36501051\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 23\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9737131\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 23\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 23\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Indole%20acetic%20acid%20exerts%20anti-depressive%20effects%20on%20an%20animal%20model%20of%20chronic%20mild%20stress&amp;journal=Nutrients&amp;doi=10.3390%2Fnu14235019&amp;volume=14&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Chen%2CY&amp;author=Tian%2CP&amp;author=Wang%2CZ&amp;author=Pan%2CR&amp;author=Shang%2CK&amp;author=Wang%2CG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"24.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR24\">Philippe C, Szabo de Edelenyi F, Naudon L, Druesne-Pecollo N, Hercberg S, Kesse-Guyot E, et al. Relation between mood and the host-microbiome co-metabolite 3-indoxylsulfate: results from the observational prospective NutriNet-Sant\u00e9 study. Microorganisms. 2021;9:716.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3390\/microorganisms9040716\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3390\/microorganisms9040716\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390%2Fmicroorganisms9040716\" aria-label=\"Article reference 24\" data-doi=\"10.3390\/microorganisms9040716\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhvFygsbnN\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 24\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=33807160\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 24\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8065611\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 24\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 24\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Relation%20between%20mood%20and%20the%20host-microbiome%20co-metabolite%203-indoxylsulfate%3A%20results%20from%20the%20observational%20prospective%20NutriNet-Sant%C3%A9%20study&amp;journal=Microorganisms&amp;doi=10.3390%2Fmicroorganisms9040716&amp;volume=9&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Philippe%2CC&amp;author=Szabo%20de%20Edelenyi%2CF&amp;author=Naudon%2CL&amp;author=Druesne-Pecollo%2CN&amp;author=Hercberg%2CS&amp;author=Kesse-Guyot%2CE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"25.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR25\">Pan S, Ma Y, Yang R, Lu X, You Q, Ye T, et al. Indole-3-carbinol selectively prevents chronic stress-induced depression-but not anxiety-like behaviors via suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine production and oxido-nitrosative stress in the brain. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:829966.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3389\/fphar.2022.829966\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3389\/fphar.2022.829966\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389%2Ffphar.2022.829966\" aria-label=\"Article reference 25\" data-doi=\"10.3389\/fphar.2022.829966\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XhtlWjtrjM\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 25\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=35242039\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 25\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8886242\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 25\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 25\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Indole-3-carbinol%20selectively%20prevents%20chronic%20stress-induced%20depression-but%20not%20anxiety-like%20behaviors%20via%20suppressing%20pro-inflammatory%20cytokine%20production%20and%20oxido-nitrosative%20stress%20in%20the%20brain&amp;journal=Front%20Pharmacol&amp;doi=10.3389%2Ffphar.2022.829966&amp;volume=13&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Pan%2CS&amp;author=Ma%2CY&amp;author=Yang%2CR&amp;author=Lu%2CX&amp;author=You%2CQ&amp;author=Ye%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"26.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR26\">Tintelnot J, Xu Y, Lesker TR, Sch\u00f6nlein M, Konczalla L, Giannou AD, et al. Microbiota-derived 3-IAA influences chemotherapy efficacy in pancreatic cancer. Nature. 2023;615:168\u201374.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41586-023-05728-y\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41586-023-05728-y\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41586-023-05728-y\" aria-label=\"Article reference 26\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41586-023-05728-y\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXjslGis7s%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 26\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=36813961\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 26\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9977685\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 26\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 26\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Microbiota-derived%203-IAA%20influences%20chemotherapy%20efficacy%20in%20pancreatic%20cancer&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-023-05728-y&amp;volume=615&amp;pages=168-74&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Tintelnot%2CJ&amp;author=Xu%2CY&amp;author=Lesker%2CTR&amp;author=Sch%C3%B6nlein%2CM&amp;author=Konczalla%2CL&amp;author=Giannou%2CAD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"27.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR27\">Rothhammer V, Borucki DM, Tjon EC, Takenaka MC, Chao CC, Ardura-Fabregat A, et al. Microglial control of astrocytes in response to microbial metabolites. Nature. 2018;557:724\u20138.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41586-018-0119-x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41586-018-0119-x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41586-018-0119-x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 27\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41586-018-0119-x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXpvVSjtrw%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 27\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=29769726\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 27\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6422159\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 27\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 27\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Microglial%20control%20of%20astrocytes%20in%20response%20to%20microbial%20metabolites&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-018-0119-x&amp;volume=557&amp;pages=724-8&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Rothhammer%2CV&amp;author=Borucki%2CDM&amp;author=Tjon%2CEC&amp;author=Takenaka%2CMC&amp;author=Chao%2CCC&amp;author=Ardura-Fabregat%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"28.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR28\">Kim CS, Jung S, Hwang GS, Shin DM. Gut microbiota indole-3-propionic acid mediates neuroprotective effect of probiotic consumption in healthy elderly: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial and in vitro study. Clin Nutr. 2023;42:1025\u201333.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.04.001\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.04.001\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.clnu.2023.04.001\" aria-label=\"Article reference 28\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.04.001\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXpsV2ntL4%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 28\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=37150125\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 28\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 28\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Gut%20microbiota%20indole-3-propionic%20acid%20mediates%20neuroprotective%20effect%20of%20probiotic%20consumption%20in%20healthy%20elderly%3A%20a%20randomized%2C%20double-blind%2C%20placebo-controlled%2C%20multicenter%20trial%20and%20in%20vitro%20study&amp;journal=Clin%20Nutr&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.clnu.2023.04.001&amp;volume=42&amp;pages=1025-33&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Kim%2CCS&amp;author=Jung%2CS&amp;author=Hwang%2CGS&amp;author=Shin%2CDM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"29.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR29\">Tian P, Chen Y, Zhu H, Wang L, Qian X, Zou R, et al. Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1025 attenuates major depression disorder via regulating gut microbiome and tryptophan metabolism: a randomized clinical trial. Brain Behav Immun. 2022;100:233\u201341.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.11.023\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.11.023\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.bbi.2021.11.023\" aria-label=\"Article reference 29\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.11.023\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XpvVKjsr8%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 29\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=34875345\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 29\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 29\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Bifidobacterium%20breve%20CCFM1025%20attenuates%20major%20depression%20disorder%20via%20regulating%20gut%20microbiome%20and%20tryptophan%20metabolism%3A%20a%20randomized%20clinical%20trial&amp;journal=Brain%20Behav%20Immun&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.bbi.2021.11.023&amp;volume=100&amp;pages=233-41&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Tian%2CP&amp;author=Chen%2CY&amp;author=Zhu%2CH&amp;author=Wang%2CL&amp;author=Qian%2CX&amp;author=Zou%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"30.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR30\">Yu W, Xiao Y, Jayaraman A, Yen YC, Lee HU, Pettersson S, et al. Microbial metabolites tune amygdala neuronal hyperexcitability and anxiety-linked behaviors. EMBO Mol Med. 2025;17:249\u201364.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s44321-024-00179-y\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s44321-024-00179-y\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs44321-024-00179-y\" aria-label=\"Article reference 30\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s44321-024-00179-y\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2MXjtVOhuro%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 30\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=39910348\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 30\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC11821874\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 30\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 30\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Microbial%20metabolites%20tune%20amygdala%20neuronal%20hyperexcitability%20and%20anxiety-linked%20behaviors&amp;journal=EMBO%20Mol%20Med&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs44321-024-00179-y&amp;volume=17&amp;pages=249-64&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Yu%2CW&amp;author=Xiao%2CY&amp;author=Jayaraman%2CA&amp;author=Yen%2CYC&amp;author=Lee%2CHU&amp;author=Pettersson%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"31.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR31\">Rothhammer V, Mascanfroni ID, Bunse L, Takenaka MC, Kenison JE, Mayo L, et al. Type I interferons and microbial metabolites of tryptophan modulate astrocyte activity and central nervous system inflammation via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Nat Med. 2016;22:586\u201397.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nm.4106\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nm.4106\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnm.4106\" aria-label=\"Article reference 31\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nm.4106\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XnsV2ksLg%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 31\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=27158906\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 31\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4899206\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 31\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 31\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Type%20I%20interferons%20and%20microbial%20metabolites%20of%20tryptophan%20modulate%20astrocyte%20activity%20and%20central%20nervous%20system%20inflammation%20via%20the%20aryl%20hydrocarbon%20receptor&amp;journal=Nat%20Med&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnm.4106&amp;volume=22&amp;pages=586-97&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Rothhammer%2CV&amp;author=Mascanfroni%2CID&amp;author=Bunse%2CL&amp;author=Takenaka%2CMC&amp;author=Kenison%2CJE&amp;author=Mayo%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"32.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR32\">Li H, Xiang Y, Zhu Z, Wang W, Jiang Z, Zhao M, et al. Rifaximin-mediated gut microbiota regulation modulates the function of microglia and protects against CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors in adolescent rat. J Neuroinflammation. 2021;18:254.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1186\/s12974-021-02303-y\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1186\/s12974-021-02303-y\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1186\/s12974-021-02303-y\" aria-label=\"Article reference 32\" data-doi=\"10.1186\/s12974-021-02303-y\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38Xjt12rs78%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=34736493\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8567657\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 32\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Rifaximin-mediated%20gut%20microbiota%20regulation%20modulates%20the%20function%20of%20microglia%20and%20protects%20against%20CUMS-induced%20depression-like%20behaviors%20in%20adolescent%20rat&amp;journal=J%20Neuroinflammation&amp;doi=10.1186%2Fs12974-021-02303-y&amp;volume=18&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Li%2CH&amp;author=Xiang%2CY&amp;author=Zhu%2CZ&amp;author=Wang%2CW&amp;author=Jiang%2CZ&amp;author=Zhao%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"33.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR33\">Wong ML, Inserra A, Lewis MD, Mastronardi CA, Leong L, Choo J, et al. Inflammasome signaling affects anxiety- and depressive-like behavior and gut microbiome composition. Mol Psychiatry. 2016;21:797\u2013805.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/mp.2016.46\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/mp.2016.46\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fmp.2016.46\" aria-label=\"Article reference 33\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/mp.2016.46\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XmvVSjs7k%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 33\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=27090302\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 33\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4879188\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 33\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 33\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Inflammasome%20signaling%20affects%20anxiety-%20and%20depressive-like%20behavior%20and%20gut%20microbiome%20composition&amp;journal=Mol%20Psychiatry&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fmp.2016.46&amp;volume=21&amp;pages=797-805&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Wong%2CML&amp;author=Inserra%2CA&amp;author=Lewis%2CMD&amp;author=Mastronardi%2CCA&amp;author=Leong%2CL&amp;author=Choo%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"34.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR34\">Erny D, Hrab\u011b de Angelis AL, Jaitin D, Wieghofer P, Staszewski O, David E, et al. Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS. Nat Neurosci. 2015;18:965\u201377.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nn.4030\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nn.4030\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnn.4030\" aria-label=\"Article reference 34\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nn.4030\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhtFeisrjL\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 34\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=26030851\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 34\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5528863\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 34\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 34\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Host%20microbiota%20constantly%20control%20maturation%20and%20function%20of%20microglia%20in%20the%20CNS&amp;journal=Nat%20Neurosci&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnn.4030&amp;volume=18&amp;pages=965-77&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Erny%2CD&amp;author=Hrab%C4%9B%20de%20Angelis%2CAL&amp;author=Jaitin%2CD&amp;author=Wieghofer%2CP&amp;author=Staszewski%2CO&amp;author=David%2CE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"35.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR35\">Pearson-Leary J, Zhao C, Bittinger K, Eacret D, Luz S, Vigderman AS, et al. The gut microbiome regulates the increases in depressive-type behaviors and in inflammatory processes in the ventral hippocampus of stress vulnerable rats. Mol Psychiatry. 2020;25:1068\u201379.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41380-019-0380-x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41380-019-0380-x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41380-019-0380-x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 35\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41380-019-0380-x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30833676\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 35\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 35\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20gut%20microbiome%20regulates%20the%20increases%20in%20depressive-type%20behaviors%20and%20in%20inflammatory%20processes%20in%20the%20ventral%20hippocampus%20of%20stress%20vulnerable%20rats&amp;journal=Mol%20Psychiatry&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41380-019-0380-x&amp;volume=25&amp;pages=1068-79&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Pearson-Leary%2CJ&amp;author=Zhao%2CC&amp;author=Bittinger%2CK&amp;author=Eacret%2CD&amp;author=Luz%2CS&amp;author=Vigderman%2CAS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"36.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR36\">Chen X, Cui QQ, Hu XH, Ye J, Liu ZC, Mei YX, et al. CD200 in dentate gyrus improves depressive-like behaviors of mice through enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis via alleviation of microglia hyperactivation. J Neuroinflammation. 2023;20:157.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1186\/s12974-023-02836-4\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1186\/s12974-023-02836-4\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1186\/s12974-023-02836-4\" aria-label=\"Article reference 36\" data-doi=\"10.1186\/s12974-023-02836-4\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXhsVSltbfO\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 36\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=37391731\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 36\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10314496\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 36\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 36\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=CD200%20in%20dentate%20gyrus%20improves%20depressive-like%20behaviors%20of%20mice%20through%20enhancing%20hippocampal%20neurogenesis%20via%20alleviation%20of%20microglia%20hyperactivation&amp;journal=J%20Neuroinflammation&amp;doi=10.1186%2Fs12974-023-02836-4&amp;volume=20&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Chen%2CX&amp;author=Cui%2CQQ&amp;author=Hu%2CXH&amp;author=Ye%2CJ&amp;author=Liu%2CZC&amp;author=Mei%2CYX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"37.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR37\">Lucassen PJ, Oomen CA, Naninck EF, Fitzsimons CP, van Dam AM, Czeh B, et al. Regulation of adult neurogenesis and plasticity by (early) stress, glucocorticoids, and inflammation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2015;7:a021303.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021303\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021303\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101%2Fcshperspect.a021303\" aria-label=\"Article reference 37\" data-doi=\"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021303\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=26330520\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 37\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4563706\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 37\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 37\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Regulation%20of%20adult%20neurogenesis%20and%20plasticity%20by%20%28early%29%20stress%2C%20glucocorticoids%2C%20and%20inflammation&amp;journal=Cold%20Spring%20Harb%20Perspect%20Biol&amp;doi=10.1101%2Fcshperspect.a021303&amp;volume=7&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Lucassen%2CPJ&amp;author=Oomen%2CCA&amp;author=Naninck%2CEF&amp;author=Fitzsimons%2CCP&amp;author=Dam%2CAM&amp;author=Czeh%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"38.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR38\">Zhang J, Rong P, Zhang L, He H, Zhou T, Fan Y, et al. IL4-driven microglia modulate stress resilience through BDNF-dependent neurogenesis. Sci Adv. 2021;7:eabb9888.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/sciadv.abb9888\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/sciadv.abb9888\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fsciadv.abb9888\" aria-label=\"Article reference 38\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/sciadv.abb9888\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXpsVaru7c%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 38\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=33731342\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 38\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7968840\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 38\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 38\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=IL4-driven%20microglia%20modulate%20stress%20resilience%20through%20BDNF-dependent%20neurogenesis&amp;journal=Sci%20Adv&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fsciadv.abb9888&amp;volume=7&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Zhang%2CJ&amp;author=Rong%2CP&amp;author=Zhang%2CL&amp;author=He%2CH&amp;author=Zhou%2CT&amp;author=Fan%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"39.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR39\">Snyder JS, Soumier A, Brewer M, Pickel J, Cameron HA. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis buffers stress responses and depressive behaviour. Nature. 2011;476:458\u201361.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nature10287\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nature10287\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnature10287\" aria-label=\"Article reference 39\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nature10287\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtVOmsLjI\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 39\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=21814201\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 39\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3162077\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 39\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 39\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Adult%20hippocampal%20neurogenesis%20buffers%20stress%20responses%20and%20depressive%20behaviour&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnature10287&amp;volume=476&amp;pages=458-61&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Snyder%2CJS&amp;author=Soumier%2CA&amp;author=Brewer%2CM&amp;author=Pickel%2CJ&amp;author=Cameron%2CHA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"40.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR40\">Kreisel T, Frank MG, Licht T, Reshef R, Ben-Menachem-Zidon O, Baratta MV, et al. Dynamic microglial alterations underlie stress-induced depressive-like behavior and suppressed neurogenesis. Mol Psychiatry. 2014;19:699\u2013709.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/mp.2013.155\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/mp.2013.155\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fmp.2013.155\" aria-label=\"Article reference 40\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/mp.2013.155\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhvFOitrnL\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 40\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=24342992\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 40\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 40\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Dynamic%20microglial%20alterations%20underlie%20stress-induced%20depressive-like%20behavior%20and%20suppressed%20neurogenesis&amp;journal=Mol%20Psychiatry&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fmp.2013.155&amp;volume=19&amp;pages=699-709&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Kreisel%2CT&amp;author=Frank%2CMG&amp;author=Licht%2CT&amp;author=Reshef%2CR&amp;author=Ben-Menachem-Zidon%2CO&amp;author=Baratta%2CMV\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"41.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR41\">Zonis S, Pechnick RN, Ljubimov VA, Mahgerefteh M, Wawrowsky K, Michelsen KS, et al. Chronic intestinal inflammation alters hippocampal neurogenesis. J Neuroinflammation. 2015;12:65.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1186\/s12974-015-0281-0\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1186\/s12974-015-0281-0\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1186\/s12974-015-0281-0\" aria-label=\"Article reference 41\" data-doi=\"10.1186\/s12974-015-0281-0\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=25889852\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 41\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4403851\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 41\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 41\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Chronic%20intestinal%20inflammation%20alters%20hippocampal%20neurogenesis&amp;journal=J%20Neuroinflammation&amp;doi=10.1186%2Fs12974-015-0281-0&amp;volume=12&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Zonis%2CS&amp;author=Pechnick%2CRN&amp;author=Ljubimov%2CVA&amp;author=Mahgerefteh%2CM&amp;author=Wawrowsky%2CK&amp;author=Michelsen%2CKS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"42.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR42\">Chesnokova V, Pechnick RN, Wawrowsky K. Chronic peripheral inflammation, hippocampal neurogenesis, and behavior. Brain Behav Immun. 2016;58:1\u20138.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.01.017\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.01.017\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.bbi.2016.01.017\" aria-label=\"Article reference 42\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.01.017\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XitlCgtLY%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 42\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=26802985\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 42\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4956598\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 42\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 42\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Chronic%20peripheral%20inflammation%2C%20hippocampal%20neurogenesis%2C%20and%20behavior&amp;journal=Brain%20Behav%20Immun&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.bbi.2016.01.017&amp;volume=58&amp;pages=1-8&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Chesnokova%2CV&amp;author=Pechnick%2CRN&amp;author=Wawrowsky%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"43.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR43\">Wei ZX, Xie GJ, Mao X, Zou XP, Liao YJ, Liu QS, et al. Exosomes from patients with major depression cause depressive-like behaviors in mice with involvement of miR-139-5p-regulated neurogenesis. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2020;45:1050\u20138.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41386-020-0622-2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41386-020-0622-2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41386-020-0622-2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 43\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41386-020-0622-2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXjvFyjurs%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 43\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=31986519\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 43\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7162931\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 43\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 43\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Exosomes%20from%20patients%20with%20major%20depression%20cause%20depressive-like%20behaviors%20in%20mice%20with%20involvement%20of%20miR-139-5p-regulated%20neurogenesis&amp;journal=Neuropsychopharmacology&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41386-020-0622-2&amp;volume=45&amp;pages=1050-8&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Wei%2CZX&amp;author=Xie%2CGJ&amp;author=Mao%2CX&amp;author=Zou%2CXP&amp;author=Liao%2CYJ&amp;author=Liu%2CQS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"44.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR44\">Deng Y, Zhou M, Wang J, Yao J, Yu J, Liu W, et al. Involvement of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in chronic restraint stress: disturbances of the kynurenine metabolic pathway in both the gut and brain. Gut Microbes. 2021;13:1869501.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1869501\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1869501\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F19490976.2020.1869501\" aria-label=\"Article reference 44\" data-doi=\"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1869501\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=33535879\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 44\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7872056\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 44\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 44\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Involvement%20of%20the%20microbiota-gut-brain%20axis%20in%20chronic%20restraint%20stress%3A%20disturbances%20of%20the%20kynurenine%20metabolic%20pathway%20in%20both%20the%20gut%20and%20brain&amp;journal=Gut%20Microbes&amp;doi=10.1080%2F19490976.2020.1869501&amp;volume=13&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Deng%2CY&amp;author=Zhou%2CM&amp;author=Wang%2CJ&amp;author=Yao%2CJ&amp;author=Yu%2CJ&amp;author=Liu%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"45.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR45\">Wang X, Hu M, Chen J, Lou X, Zhang H, Li M, et al. Key roles of autophagosome\/endosome maturation mediated by Syntaxin17 in methamphetamine-induced neuronal damage in mice. Mol Med. 2024;30:4.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1186\/s10020-023-00765-9\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1186\/s10020-023-00765-9\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1186\/s10020-023-00765-9\" aria-label=\"Article reference 45\" data-doi=\"10.1186\/s10020-023-00765-9\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXmtFeiuw%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 45\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=38172666\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 45\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10765725\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 45\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 45\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Key%20roles%20of%20autophagosome%2Fendosome%20maturation%20mediated%20by%20Syntaxin17%20in%20methamphetamine-induced%20neuronal%20damage%20in%20mice&amp;journal=Mol%20Med&amp;doi=10.1186%2Fs10020-023-00765-9&amp;volume=30&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Wang%2CX&amp;author=Hu%2CM&amp;author=Chen%2CJ&amp;author=Lou%2CX&amp;author=Zhang%2CH&amp;author=Li%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"46.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR46\">Douglas GM, Maffei VJ, Zaneveld JR, Yurgel SN, Brown JR, Taylor CM, et al. PICRUSt2 for prediction of metagenome functions. Nat Biotechnol. 2020;38:685.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41587-020-0548-6\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41587-020-0548-6\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41587-020-0548-6\" aria-label=\"Article reference 46\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41587-020-0548-6\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtVGmtb3I\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 46\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32483366\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 46\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7365738\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 46\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 46\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=PICRUSt2%20for%20prediction%20of%20metagenome%20functions&amp;journal=Nat%20Biotechnol&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41587-020-0548-6&amp;volume=38&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Douglas%2CGM&amp;author=Maffei%2CVJ&amp;author=Zaneveld%2CJR&amp;author=Yurgel%2CSN&amp;author=Brown%2CJR&amp;author=Taylor%2CCM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"47.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR47\">Wang X, Wu W, Liu J, Hu M, Cheng J, Xiong J, et al. Neurotransmitter metabolic disturbance in methamphetamine abusers: focus on tryptophan and tyrosine metabolic pathways. Toxics. 2024;12:912.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3390\/toxics12120912\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3390\/toxics12120912\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390%2Ftoxics12120912\" aria-label=\"Article reference 47\" data-doi=\"10.3390\/toxics12120912\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2MXmvFeisb0%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 47\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=39771127\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 47\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC11728700\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 47\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 47\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Neurotransmitter%20metabolic%20disturbance%20in%20methamphetamine%20abusers%3A%20focus%20on%20tryptophan%20and%20tyrosine%20metabolic%20pathways&amp;journal=Toxics&amp;doi=10.3390%2Ftoxics12120912&amp;volume=12&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Wang%2CX&amp;author=Wu%2CW&amp;author=Liu%2CJ&amp;author=Hu%2CM&amp;author=Cheng%2CJ&amp;author=Xiong%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"48.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR48\">Yao J, Lu H, Wang Z, Wang T, Fang F, Wang J, et al. A sensitive method for the determination of the gender difference of neuroactive metabolites in tryptophan and dopamine pathways in mouse serum and brain by UHPLC-MS\/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2018;1093\u20131094:91\u201399.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2018.06.054\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2018.06.054\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.jchromb.2018.06.054\" aria-label=\"Article reference 48\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2018.06.054\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30005419\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 48\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 48\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20sensitive%20method%20for%20the%20determination%20of%20the%20gender%20difference%20of%20neuroactive%20metabolites%20in%20tryptophan%20and%20dopamine%20pathways%20in%20mouse%20serum%20and%20brain%20by%20UHPLC-MS%2FMS&amp;journal=J%20Chromatogr%20B%20Analyt%20Technol%20Biomed%20Life%20Sci&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.jchromb.2018.06.054&amp;volume=1093%E2%80%931094&amp;pages=91-99&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Yao%2CJ&amp;author=Lu%2CH&amp;author=Wang%2CZ&amp;author=Wang%2CT&amp;author=Fang%2CF&amp;author=Wang%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"49.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR49\">Liu L, Wang H, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Xie P. Gut microbiota and its metabolites in depression: from pathogenesis to treatment. EBioMedicine. 2023;90:104527.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104527\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104527\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.ebiom.2023.104527\" aria-label=\"Article reference 49\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104527\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXlvFGksL0%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 49\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=36963238\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 49\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10051028\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 49\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 49\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Gut%20microbiota%20and%20its%20metabolites%20in%20depression%3A%20from%20pathogenesis%20to%20treatment&amp;journal=EBioMedicine&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.ebiom.2023.104527&amp;volume=90&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Liu%2CL&amp;author=Wang%2CH&amp;author=Chen%2CX&amp;author=Zhang%2CY&amp;author=Zhang%2CH&amp;author=Xie%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"50.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR50\">Nikolova VL, Smith MRB, Hall LJ, Cleare AJ, Stone JM, Young AH. Perturbations in gut microbiota composition in psychiatric disorders: a review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021;78:1343\u201354.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.2573\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.2573\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001%2Fjamapsychiatry.2021.2573\" aria-label=\"Article reference 50\" data-doi=\"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.2573\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=34524405\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 50\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8444066\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 50\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 50\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Perturbations%20in%20gut%20microbiota%20composition%20in%20psychiatric%20disorders%3A%20a%20review%20and%20meta-analysis&amp;journal=JAMA%20Psychiatry&amp;doi=10.1001%2Fjamapsychiatry.2021.2573&amp;volume=78&amp;pages=1343-54&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Nikolova%2CVL&amp;author=Smith%2CMRB&amp;author=Hall%2CLJ&amp;author=Cleare%2CAJ&amp;author=Stone%2CJM&amp;author=Young%2CAH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"51.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR51\">Simpson CA, Diaz-Arteche C, Eliby D, Schwartz OS, Simmons JG, Cowan CSM. The gut microbiota in anxiety and depression-a systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2021;83:101943.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101943\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101943\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.cpr.2020.101943\" aria-label=\"Article reference 51\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101943\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=33271426\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 51\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 51\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20gut%20microbiota%20in%20anxiety%20and%20depression-a%20systematic%20review&amp;journal=Clin%20Psychol%20Rev&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.cpr.2020.101943&amp;volume=83&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Simpson%2CCA&amp;author=Diaz-Arteche%2CC&amp;author=Eliby%2CD&amp;author=Schwartz%2COS&amp;author=Simmons%2CJG&amp;author=Cowan%2CCSM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"52.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR52\">Xie J, Wu W, Chen J, Zhong Q, Wu D, Niu L, et al. Tryptophan metabolism as bridge between gut microbiota and brain in chronic social defeat stress-induced depression mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023;13:1121445.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1121445\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1121445\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389%2Ffcimb.2023.1121445\" aria-label=\"Article reference 52\" data-doi=\"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1121445\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXit1SgtrfI\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 52\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=36909723\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 52\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9999000\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 52\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 52\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Tryptophan%20metabolism%20as%20bridge%20between%20gut%20microbiota%20and%20brain%20in%20chronic%20social%20defeat%20stress-induced%20depression%20mice&amp;journal=Front%20Cell%20Infect%20Microbiol&amp;doi=10.3389%2Ffcimb.2023.1121445&amp;volume=13&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Xie%2CJ&amp;author=Wu%2CW&amp;author=Chen%2CJ&amp;author=Zhong%2CQ&amp;author=Wu%2CD&amp;author=Niu%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"53.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR53\">Vogel CF, Winkle LSV, Esser C, Haarmann-Stemmann T. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a target of environmental stressors-implications for pollution-mediated stress and inflammatory responses. Redox Biol. 2020;34:101530.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101530\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101530\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.redox.2020.101530\" aria-label=\"Article reference 53\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101530\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXotlSns74%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 53\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32354640\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 53\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7327980\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 53\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 53\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20aryl%20hydrocarbon%20receptor%20as%20a%20target%20of%20environmental%20stressors-implications%20for%20pollution-mediated%20stress%20and%20inflammatory%20responses&amp;journal=Redox%20Biol&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.redox.2020.101530&amp;volume=34&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Vogel%2CCF&amp;author=Winkle%2CLSV&amp;author=Esser%2CC&amp;author=Haarmann-Stemmann%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"54.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR54\">Wei GZ, Martin KA, Xing PY, Agrawal R, Whiley L, Wood TK, et al. Tryptophan-metabolizing gut microbes regulate adult neurogenesis via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2021;118:e2021091118.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1073\/pnas.2021091118\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1073\/pnas.2021091118\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073%2Fpnas.2021091118\" aria-label=\"Article reference 54\" data-doi=\"10.1073\/pnas.2021091118\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhsFSns7bM\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 54\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=34210797\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 54\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8271728\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 54\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 54\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Tryptophan-metabolizing%20gut%20microbes%20regulate%20adult%20neurogenesis%20via%20the%20aryl%20hydrocarbon%20receptor&amp;journal=Proc%20Natl%20Acad%20Sci%20USA&amp;doi=10.1073%2Fpnas.2021091118&amp;volume=118&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Wei%2CGZ&amp;author=Martin%2CKA&amp;author=Xing%2CPY&amp;author=Agrawal%2CR&amp;author=Whiley%2CL&amp;author=Wood%2CTK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"55.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR55\">Pappolla MA, Perry G, Fang X, Zagorski M, Sambamurti K, Poeggeler B. Indoles as essential mediators in the gut-brain axis: their role in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Dis. 2021;156:105403.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105403\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105403\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.nbd.2021.105403\" aria-label=\"Article reference 55\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105403\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhsV2lsrjM\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 55\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=34087380\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 55\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 55\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Indoles%20as%20essential%20mediators%20in%20the%20gut-brain%20axis%3A%20their%20role%20in%20Alzheimer%E2%80%99s%20disease&amp;journal=Neurobiol%20Dis&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.nbd.2021.105403&amp;volume=156&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Pappolla%2CMA&amp;author=Perry%2CG&amp;author=Fang%2CX&amp;author=Zagorski%2CM&amp;author=Sambamurti%2CK&amp;author=Poeggeler%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"56.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR56\">Lin YT, Wu PH, Lee HH, Mubanga M, Chen CS, Kuo MC, et al. Indole-3 acetic acid increased risk of impaired cognitive function in patients receiving hemodialysis. Neurotoxicology. 2019;73:85\u201391.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.neuro.2019.02.019\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.neuro.2019.02.019\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.neuro.2019.02.019\" aria-label=\"Article reference 56\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.neuro.2019.02.019\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXks12gtLw%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 56\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30826344\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 56\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 56\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Indole-3%20acetic%20acid%20increased%20risk%20of%20impaired%20cognitive%20function%20in%20patients%20receiving%20hemodialysis&amp;journal=Neurotoxicology&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.neuro.2019.02.019&amp;volume=73&amp;pages=85-91&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Lin%2CYT&amp;author=Wu%2CPH&amp;author=Lee%2CHH&amp;author=Mubanga%2CM&amp;author=Chen%2CCS&amp;author=Kuo%2CMC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"57.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR57\">Cheng L, Wu H, Cai X, Zhang Y, Yu S, Hou Y, et al. A Gpr35-tuned gut microbe-brain metabolic axis regulates depressive-like behavior. Cell Host Microbe. 2024;32:227\u2013243 e6.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.12.009\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.12.009\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.chom.2023.12.009\" aria-label=\"Article reference 57\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.12.009\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXotVGhtA%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 57\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=38198925\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 57\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 57\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20Gpr35-tuned%20gut%20microbe-brain%20metabolic%20axis%20regulates%20depressive-like%20behavior&amp;journal=Cell%20Host%20Microbe&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.chom.2023.12.009&amp;volume=32&amp;pages=227-243%20e6&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Cheng%2CL&amp;author=Wu%2CH&amp;author=Cai%2CX&amp;author=Zhang%2CY&amp;author=Yu%2CS&amp;author=Hou%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"58.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR58\">Wang Y, Zhou J, Ye J, Sun Z, He Y, Zhao Y, et al. Multi-omics reveal microbial determinants impacting the treatment outcome of antidepressants in major depressive disorder. Microbiome. 2023;11:195.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1186\/s40168-023-01635-6\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1186\/s40168-023-01635-6\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1186\/s40168-023-01635-6\" aria-label=\"Article reference 58\" data-doi=\"10.1186\/s40168-023-01635-6\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXhvVCjtrvI\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 58\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=37641148\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 58\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10464022\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 58\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 58\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Multi-omics%20reveal%20microbial%20determinants%20impacting%20the%20treatment%20outcome%20of%20antidepressants%20in%20major%20depressive%20disorder&amp;journal=Microbiome&amp;doi=10.1186%2Fs40168-023-01635-6&amp;volume=11&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Wang%2CY&amp;author=Zhou%2CJ&amp;author=Ye%2CJ&amp;author=Sun%2CZ&amp;author=He%2CY&amp;author=Zhao%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"59.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR59\">Chen J, Zhou C, Zheng P, Cheng K, Wang H, Li J, et al. Differential urinary metabolites related with the severity of major depressive disorder. Behav Brain Res. 2017;332:280\u20137.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.06.012\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.06.012\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.bbr.2017.06.012\" aria-label=\"Article reference 59\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.06.012\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhtVKgt7bI\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 59\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=28624318\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 59\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 59\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Differential%20urinary%20metabolites%20related%20with%20the%20severity%20of%20major%20depressive%20disorder&amp;journal=Behav%20Brain%20Res&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.bbr.2017.06.012&amp;volume=332&amp;pages=280-7&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Chen%2CJ&amp;author=Zhou%2CC&amp;author=Zheng%2CP&amp;author=Cheng%2CK&amp;author=Wang%2CH&amp;author=Li%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"60.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR60\">Wong CB, Tanaka A, Kuhara T, Xiao J. Potential effects of indole-3-lactic acid, a metabolite of human bifidobacteria, on NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Microorganisms. 2020;8:398.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3390\/microorganisms8030398\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3390\/microorganisms8030398\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390%2Fmicroorganisms8030398\" aria-label=\"Article reference 60\" data-doi=\"10.3390\/microorganisms8030398\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsVWjsLvI\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 60\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32178456\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 60\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7143819\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 60\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 60\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Potential%20effects%20of%20indole-3-lactic%20acid%2C%20a%20metabolite%20of%20human%20bifidobacteria%2C%20on%20NGF-induced%20neurite%20outgrowth%20in%20PC12%20cells&amp;journal=Microorganisms&amp;doi=10.3390%2Fmicroorganisms8030398&amp;volume=8&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Wong%2CCB&amp;author=Tanaka%2CA&amp;author=Kuhara%2CT&amp;author=Xiao%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"61.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR61\">Sun J, Zhang Y, Kong Y, Ye T, Yu Q, Kumaran Satyanarayanan S, et al. Microbiota-derived metabolite indoles induced aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation and inhibited neuroinflammation in APP\/PS1 mice. Brain Behav Immun. 2022;106:76\u201388.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.bbi.2022.08.003\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.bbi.2022.08.003\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.bbi.2022.08.003\" aria-label=\"Article reference 61\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.bbi.2022.08.003\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XisVCks7nI\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 61\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=35961580\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 61\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 61\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Microbiota-derived%20metabolite%20indoles%20induced%20aryl%20hydrocarbon%20receptor%20activation%20and%20inhibited%20neuroinflammation%20in%20APP%2FPS1%20mice&amp;journal=Brain%20Behav%20Immun&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.bbi.2022.08.003&amp;volume=106&amp;pages=76-88&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Sun%2CJ&amp;author=Zhang%2CY&amp;author=Kong%2CY&amp;author=Ye%2CT&amp;author=Yu%2CQ&amp;author=Kumaran%20Satyanarayanan%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"62.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR62\">Nourbakhsh B, Bhargava P, Tremlett H, Hart J, Graves J, Waubant E. Altered tryptophan metabolism is associated with pediatric multiple sclerosis risk and course. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2018;5:1211\u201321.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/acn3.637\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/acn3.637\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Facn3.637\" aria-label=\"Article reference 62\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/acn3.637\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhvFeqsb3M\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 62\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30349856\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 62\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6186945\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 62\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 62\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Altered%20tryptophan%20metabolism%20is%20associated%20with%20pediatric%20multiple%20sclerosis%20risk%20and%20course&amp;journal=Ann%20Clin%20Transl%20Neurol&amp;doi=10.1002%2Facn3.637&amp;volume=5&amp;pages=1211-21&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Nourbakhsh%2CB&amp;author=Bhargava%2CP&amp;author=Tremlett%2CH&amp;author=Hart%2CJ&amp;author=Graves%2CJ&amp;author=Waubant%2CE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"63.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR63\">Kwidzinski E, Bechmann I. IDO expression in the brain: a double-edged sword. J Mol Med (Berl). 2007;85:1351\u20139.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s00109-007-0229-7\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s00109-007-0229-7\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00109-007-0229-7\" aria-label=\"Article reference 63\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s00109-007-0229-7\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=17594069\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 63\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 63\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=IDO%20expression%20in%20the%20brain%3A%20a%20double-edged%20sword&amp;journal=J%20Mol%20Med%20%28Berl%29&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs00109-007-0229-7&amp;volume=85&amp;pages=1351-9&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;author=Kwidzinski%2CE&amp;author=Bechmann%2CI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"64.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR64\">Suzuki H, Ohgidani M, Kuwano N, Chr\u00e9tien F, de la Grandmaison GL, Onaya M, et al. Suicide and microglia: recent findings and future perspectives based on human studies. Front Cell Neurosci. 2019;13:31.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00031\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00031\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389%2Ffncel.2019.00031\" aria-label=\"Article reference 64\" data-doi=\"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00031\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXitlWmt7rI\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 64\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30814929\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 64\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6381042\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 64\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 64\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Suicide%20and%20microglia%3A%20recent%20findings%20and%20future%20perspectives%20based%20on%20human%20studies&amp;journal=Front%20Cell%20Neurosci&amp;doi=10.3389%2Ffncel.2019.00031&amp;volume=13&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Suzuki%2CH&amp;author=Ohgidani%2CM&amp;author=Kuwano%2CN&amp;author=Chr%C3%A9tien%2CF&amp;author=Grandmaison%2CGL&amp;author=Onaya%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"65.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR65\">Rothhammer V, Quintana FJ. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: an environmental sensor integrating immune responses in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2019;19:184\u201397.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41577-019-0125-8\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41577-019-0125-8\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41577-019-0125-8\" aria-label=\"Article reference 65\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41577-019-0125-8\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXmtFKhtrY%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 65\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30718831\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 65\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 65\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20aryl%20hydrocarbon%20receptor%3A%20an%20environmental%20sensor%20integrating%20immune%20responses%20in%20health%20and%20disease&amp;journal=Nat%20Rev%20Immunol&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41577-019-0125-8&amp;volume=19&amp;pages=184-97&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Rothhammer%2CV&amp;author=Quintana%2CFJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"66.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR66\">Wang Y, Sun J, Zhu K, Wang D, Zhao X, Zhang H, et al. Microglial aryl hydrocarbon receptor enhances phagocytic function via SYK and promotes remyelination in the cuprizone mouse model of demyelination. J Neuroinflammation. 2023;20:83.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1186\/s12974-023-02764-3\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1186\/s12974-023-02764-3\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1186\/s12974-023-02764-3\" aria-label=\"Article reference 66\" data-doi=\"10.1186\/s12974-023-02764-3\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXmt1Shtrs%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 66\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=36966295\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 66\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10040134\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 66\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 66\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Microglial%20aryl%20hydrocarbon%20receptor%20enhances%20phagocytic%20function%20via%20SYK%20and%20promotes%20remyelination%20in%20the%20cuprizone%20mouse%20model%20of%20demyelination&amp;journal=J%20Neuroinflammation&amp;doi=10.1186%2Fs12974-023-02764-3&amp;volume=20&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Wang%2CY&amp;author=Sun%2CJ&amp;author=Zhu%2CK&amp;author=Wang%2CD&amp;author=Zhao%2CX&amp;author=Zhang%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"67.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR67\">P\u00e9rez-Rodr\u00edguez DR, Blanco-Luquin I, Mendioroz M. The participation of microglia in neurogenesis: a review. Brain Sci. 2021;11:658.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3390\/brainsci11050658\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3390\/brainsci11050658\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390%2Fbrainsci11050658\" aria-label=\"Article reference 67\" data-doi=\"10.3390\/brainsci11050658\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=34070012\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 67\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8157831\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 67\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 67\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20participation%20of%20microglia%20in%20neurogenesis%3A%20a%20review&amp;journal=Brain%20Sci&amp;doi=10.3390%2Fbrainsci11050658&amp;volume=11&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=P%C3%A9rez-Rodr%C3%ADguez%2CDR&amp;author=Blanco-Luquin%2CI&amp;author=Mendioroz%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Winter G, Hart RA, Charlesworth RPG, Sharpley CF. Gut microbiome and depression: what we know and what we&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":680771,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[78],"tags":[5800,25098,164,18,910,135,19,17,7482,1867,1281,5801,25097,171],"class_list":["post-680770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-health","tag-behavioral-sciences","tag-biological-psychology","tag-depression","tag-eire","tag-general","tag-health","tag-ie","tag-ireland","tag-medicine-public-health","tag-molecular-biology","tag-neuroscience","tag-neurosciences","tag-pharmacotherapy","tag-psychiatry"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@ie\/117242671228470952","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/680770","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=680770"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/680770\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/680771"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=680770"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=680770"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=680770"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}