![\"figure](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/12879_2025_11681_Fig1_HTML.png\")
<\/a><\/p>\nFlow chart of the population studied for influenza with fever and convulsion symptoms<\/p>\n
Inclusion criteria<\/p>\n
\u2460 Oropharyngeal swab pathogen detection indicates type A (type B) antigen (RNA) positivity; \u2461 Clinical symptoms include both fever and seizures. Exclusion criteria: \u2460development of encephalopathy\/neurological complications after 7 days of admission (to focus only on acute course IAES; \u2461 Presence of underlying diseases: brain trauma, post-viral encephalitis, metabolic disorders; \u2462 Patients with missing information\u2009>\u200930%.<\/p>\n
The diagnostic criteria for IAES
\n Clinical manifestations<\/p>\n
Presence of central nervous system dysfunction (consciousness disturbance with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)\u2009\u200924\u00a0h.<\/p>\n
Imaging findings<\/p>\n
Head CT or MRI showing cerebral edema, symmetric lesions in bilateral deep gray matter (e.g., basal ganglia, thalamus), or multifocal hemorrhagic necrosis (in acute necrotizing encephalopathy).<\/p>\n
Epidemiological link<\/p>\n
Illness occurring during the influenza season or within 7 days of confirmed\/suspected influenza infection.<\/p>\n
Exclusion of other causes<\/p>\n
Ruling out other CNS infections, autoimmune encephalitis, or metabolic encephalopathy.<\/p>\n
Research methods<\/p>\n
Clinical data includes baseline information (gender, age, weight, height), symptoms and signs (fever peak, number of convulsions, DFOC, duration of convulsions, body temperature during convulsions, nasal congestion, runny nose, cough, wheezing, vomiting, diarrhea, altered consciousness, respiration and heart rate), medical history (febrile seizures, epilepsy), invasive treatment methods (mechanical ventilation (MV), blood purification), laboratory tests upon admission (pathogen detection (Influenza A, Influenza B), complete blood count (white blood cells(WBC), neutrophils(NEU), lymphocytes(LYM), monocytes(MONO), red blood cells(RBC), hemoglobin(Hb), platelets(PLT)), inflammatory markers (procalcitonin(PCT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)), organ function indicators (liver function, myocardial enzymes, kidney function, electrolytes, coagulation function), full immune test (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, C3, C4), immune function monitoring (CD3\u2009+\u2009CD4\u2009+\u2009T, CD3\u2009+\u2009T, NK, CD19\u2009+\u2009B, CD3\u2009+\u2009CD8\u2009+\u2009T, CD4+\/CD8\u2009+\u2009ratio), cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-2, TNF-a, IL-4)).<\/p>\n
Statistical analysis<\/p>\n
Statistical analyses were performed using R 4.4.3 and SPSS 25.0 software. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test whether the data followed a normal distribution. Measurement data conforming to a normal distribution were expressed as mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard deviation (SD), and compared with Student\u2019s t-test. For non-normal data, they used Mann-Whitney U (reporting median [IQR]), and for categorical data \u03c7\u00b2 or Fisher (frequencies and percentages). Variables with statistically significant differences in univariate analysis (p\u2009P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted to evaluate the predictive performance of the model. The Bootstrap resampling method was used for 1,000 internal resamples to plot the calibration curve and calculate the mean square error (MSE) for evaluating model accuracy. Additionally, decision curve analysis was utilized to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the model.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Research subjects This study is a retrospective case-control study. Data of 6,647 pediatric influenza patients treated at Wuhan…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":98904,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[78],"tags":[63077,18,63076,135,19,4381,24622,1911,17,4383,4382,4384],"class_list":{"0":"post-98903","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-health","8":"tag-acute-encephalopathy-syndrome","9":"tag-eire","10":"tag-febrile-seizures","11":"tag-health","12":"tag-ie","13":"tag-infectious-diseases","14":"tag-influenza","15":"tag-internal-medicine","16":"tag-ireland","17":"tag-medical-microbiology","18":"tag-parasitology","19":"tag-tropical-medicine"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98903","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98903"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98903\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/98904"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98903"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98903"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98903"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}