Egypt

Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi called for the continued flow of humanitarian aid to the nearly 2.3 million Palestinians living in the Gaza Strip in October 2023. Sisi has also been a proponent of reviving the peace process to allow for Palestinian statehood. Egypt hosted the Gaza Peace Summit last year, which included regional leaders and U.S. President Donald Trump. As of February 2026, Egypt had provided more than eight hundred thousand tons of aid to Gaza since the war’s outbreak.

Sisi is balancing the anger of the Egyptian public—which includes media reports suggesting that Egypt is blocking aid to Gaza through the Rafah border crossing—with his foreign policy interests. 

“Egypt is one of the most-indebted countries in the world and a strategic partner of the United States, forcing Sisi to walk a fine line between criticism of U.S. policy and the outrage of Egyptians over the bloodshed in Gaza,” CFR Middle East expert Steven Cook told CFR. “This is why Egypt has positioned itself as a critical link providing humanitarian aid to Gazans, even if it has not always lived up to this role.”

Egypt’s lack of resources to support an influx of Palestinian refugees from Gaza strains its ability to accept fleeing civilians. In addition to Palestinians leaving Gaza, another wave of refugees is coming from nearby Sudan, leaving Egypt struggling to accommodate the regional refugee influx. At the same time, Israeli attacks have forcibly displaced Palestinians to Egypt’s northern Sinai governorate, which borders Gaza, creating significant political consequences and security risks.

Jordan

Since October 7, 2023, Jordan has funneled food, water, and medical supplies to Gaza through the nonprofit Jordan Hashemite Charity Organization (JHCO), delivered in collaboration with Jordanian Armed Forces and the foreign ministry. 

As of May 2025, JHCO Secretary-General Hussein al-Shibli said that Jordan has directed more than $428 million in aid to Gaza. The last major delivery was in August 2025, when JHCO dispatched thirty-eight food supply trucks to the territory, assisted by the Jordanian Armed Forces and the UN World Food Program.

Prior to that delivery, the country’s military had resumed airdrops of aid from C-130 Hercules planes and helicopters after Israeli authorities lifted a nine-month ban. Overall, Jordan has carried out 164 airdrops of aid and assisted in nearly 400 additional airdrops conducted with international partners. 

In addition, Jordan has taken on a diplomatic role. King Abdullah II spoke on the phone with Trump to help broker a ceasefire in the days leading up to the truce’s announcement. Jordan also worked with Egypt and other members of the Arab League to create Gaza reconstruction plans that would prevent Palestinian displacement. It also announced it would train police for the peace plan’s International Stabilization Force with Egypt. (Egypt has reportedly begun this training, but there have been no reports that confirm Jordan has done so yet).