Oil prices have soared in recent months as a result of the almost complete closure of the Strait of Hormuz, a key trade corridor connecting Asia and Europe. High fossil fuel prices have helped to drive up the profits of oil and gas companies around the globe, particularly in the United States and Europe. As a few companies boost production to fill the gap, some oil majors have seen record earnings in the first half of the year, a trend that is expected to continue for as long as Hormuz trade remains restricted.<\/p>\n
Eight of the largest oil firms achieved combined profits of over $90 billion in the three months from April to June, following the U.S.-Israeli attack on Iran and the subsequent war. Iran\u2019s decision to close the Strait of Hormuz, the waterway between Oman and Iran that connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea, has led to the biggest disruption of fossil fuel supplies in the market\u2019s history<\/a>. As a few oil majors from the United States, Europe, and the Middle East step in to fill the gap and oil prices are pushed higher, a few companies have come out on top.<\/p>\n The phenomenon has also demonstrated that the world remains overly dependent on fossil fuels, with countries willing to pay a premium to secure their oil and gas supplies in the face of major global shortages. Environmentalists are concerned about what this reliance means for climate change, as greenhouse emissions remain high. The lack of energy diversification and the heavy dependence on fossil fuels also poses a threat to energy security for many countries.<\/p>\n The eight companies assessed \u2013 Aramco, BP, Shell, Equinor, TotalEnergies, Eni, Chevron, and ExxonMobil \u2013 have almost doubled their combined profits, from just below $50 billion in the second quarter of 2025. The increase in oil prices has driven up consumer energy bills worldwide, while oil companies continue to profit. This has reignited the discussion around windfall tax, as governments call for oil companies to pay higher levies to subsidise energy bills and environmentalists believe extra taxes could help pay to address the environmental damage caused by oil operations.<\/p>\n The Brent Benchmark<\/a> put oil prices at around $68 a barrel at the end of February, rising to highs of nearly $100 a barrel in May. Saudi Arabia\u2019s Aramco benefited the most from the price increase over the spring, reporting a 34 per cent rise in its quarterly net income, at over $33 billion. Aramco saw high profits even following damage to its infrastructure by drone and missile strikes<\/a> from Iranian and Houthi forces. The company\u2019s record oil sales meant that it was responsible for more carbon emissions than any company in history<\/a>, according to the database Carbon Majors.<\/p>\n British oil major BP reported a second-quarter profit of $5.73 billion<\/a>, almost double that of the same period last year and higher than forecasts predicted. BP saw its highest quarterly net profit since the third quarter of 2022, and second-quarter profits across all units surpassed expectations.<\/p>\n The fossil fuel lead at the international NGO Global Witness, Patrick Galey, stated<\/a>, \u201cBP\u2019s sky-high profits are a scandalous reminder of who\u2019s been cashing in on human misery this year. While wildfires threaten communities across the world, drought bites and energy costs spiral, ordinary families are paying the price for big oil\u2019s prioritisation of shareholder wealth over a livable planet.\u201d Galey added, \u201cIt\u2019s time to make oil giants pay up to repair the climate breakdown they\u2019re driving.\u201d<\/p>\n Meanwhile, the U.S. oil major Chevron reported its highest quarterly profit in at least six years, surpassing analyst estimates. Chevron posted adjusted earnings of $12 billion, with $8.2 billion from upstream operations, marking a 200% increase compared to the previous year.<\/p>\n Chevron\u2019s Chief Financial Officer, Eimear Bonner, said in an interview<\/a>, \u201cAmid all the geopolitical uncertainty and market volatility that’s still upon us, we continue to deliver the reliable energy that the world has needed.\u201d<\/p>\n While oil company CEOs defend their record profits, many others are criticising the earnings that come at a time when consumers are facing rising inflation and other economic challenges. Even U.S. President Donald Trump critiqued oil firms for profiting from high oil prices, which came as a surprise to many due to Trump\u2019s unwavering support for oil and gas.<\/p>\n On August 3, President Trump criticised the U.S. oil majors ExxonMobil and Chevron for making \u201ctoo much money\u201d on high crude prices. \u201cThey\u2019re making too much money based on a shortage,\u201d Trump told reporters<\/a> at the White House. \u201cI don\u2019t like it, and I should be the last one to say because I\u2019m a big free enterprise guy \u2014 nobody bigger.\u201d<\/p>\n The record profits experienced by oil and gas companies in the wake of the Iran war have led to backlash from environmentalists, consumers, and political leaders, as governments worldwide float the possibility of introducing or increasing windfall taxes on higher-than-normal earnings.\u00a0<\/p>\n By Felicity Bradstock for Oilprice.com<\/p>\n