Kario K, Alkatiri AA, Aoki J, Wan Ahmad WA, Chia YC, Cruz JNM, et al. Renal Denervation in Asia: 2025 Asia Renal Denervation Consortium (ARDeC) Consensus Statement Endorsed by the Hypertension Cardiovascular Outcome Prevention and Evidence in Asia (HOPE Asia) Network. Hypertension. 2026;83:6–22.
Sato T, Saito Y, Aoki J, Yamamoto E, Maekawa Y, Kario K, et al. Renal Denervation for Hypertension – Mechanisms, Evidence, and Clinical Integration. Circ J. 2025 Dec 27. https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-25-1042.
Kario K, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Okura T, Saito S, Ueno T, et al. SYMPLICITY HTN-Japan Investigators. SYMPLICITY HTN-Japan – first randomized controlled trial of catheter-based renal denervation in asian patients. Circ J. 2015;79:1222–9.
Kario K, Kai H, Rakugi H, Hoshide S, Node K, Maekawa Y, et al. Consensus statement on renal denervation by the Joint Committee of Japanese Society of Hypertension (JSH), Japanese Association of Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics (CVIT), and the Japanese Circulation Society (JCS). Hypertens Res. 2024;47:2624–32.
Ogoyama Y, Abe M, Okamura K, Tada K, Katsurada K, Shibata S, et al. Effects of renal denervation on blood pressure in patients with hypertension: a latest systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized sham-controlled trials. Hypertens Res. 2024;47:2745–59.
Katsurada K, Kario K. Indications for renal denervation in the treatment of hypertension. Hypertens Res. 2024;47:2693–9.
Ogoyama Y, Kario K. Aspects of renal function and renal artery anatomy as indications for renal denervation. Hypertens Res. 2024;47:2711–7.
Kario K, Kandzari DE, Mahfoud F, Weber MA, Schmieder RE, Tsioufis K, et al. Two-year nighttime blood pressure changes after radiofrequency renal denervation: pooled results from the SPYRAL HTN trials. Hypertens Res. 2025;48:1951–62.
Schmieder RE, Hettrick DA, Böhm M, Kandzari DE, Kario K, Mahfoud F, et al. Novel approaches to define responders to interventional treatment in hypertension: insights from the SPYRAL HTN-OFF and HTN-ON MED trials. Hypertens Res. 2025;48:327–35.
Katsurada K, Kario K. Effects of renal denervation on the incidence and severity of cardiovascular diseases. Hypertens Res. 2024;47:2700–10.
Kario K. What are the ideal metrics for assessing the quality of long-term stabilized “perfect” 24-h BP control after renal denervation?. Hypertens Res. 2024;47:2644–51.
Shinohara K. Renal denervation: a key approach to hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Hypertens Res. 2024;47:2671–7.
Kusayama T, Nagamori Y, Takeuchi K, Nakagawa Y, Takamura M. Renal autonomic dynamics in hypertension: how can we evaluate sympathetic activity for renal denervation? Hypertens Res. 2024;47:2685–92.
Okamura K, Matsushima M, Satou S, Ishiya A, Shimada H, Okuda T, et al. Underestimation of renal artery lumen diameter by computed tomography has consequences for the assessment of patient eligibility for renal denervation. Hypertens Res. 2024;47:2784–5.
Katsuki M, Shinohara K, Kinugawa S, Hirooka Y. The effects of renal denervation on blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, and sympathetic activity during the established phase of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res. 2024;47:1073–7.
Guenes-Altan M, Schmid A, Kannenkeril D, Linz P, Ott C, Bosch A, et al. Skin sodium content as a predictor of blood pressure response to renal denervation. Hypertens Res. 2024;47:361–71.
Lo HY, Lee JK, Lin YH. The feasibility, efficacy, and safety of RDN procedure using CO2 angiography through radial artery in severe chronic kidney disease patients. Hypertens Res. 2024;47:760–6.
Okamura K, Shimada H, Imazato K, Sako H, Udo A, Taniguchi K, et al. Impact of renal denervation on quality of life (How does renal denervation contribute to improving hypertension treatment affected by poor medication adherence?). Hypertens Res. 2024;47:2652–8.
Yamazaki D, Konishi Y, Kitada K. Effects of renal denervation on the kidney: albuminuria, proteinuria, and renal function. Hypertens Res. 2024;47:2659–64.
Kario K, Yokoi Y, Okamura K, Fujihara M, Ogoyama Y, Yamamoto E, et al. Catheter-based ultrasound renal denervation in patients with resistant hypertension: the randomized, controlled REQUIRE trial. Hypertens Res. 2022;45:221–31.
Kario K, Kai H, Nanto S, Yokoi H. Anti-hypertensive medication adherence in the REQUIRE trial: post-hoc exploratory evaluation. Hypertens Res. 2023;46:2044–7.
Kiuchi MG, Carnagarin R, Matthews VB, Schlaich MP. Multi-organ denervation: a novel approach to combat cardiometabolic disease. Hypertens Res. 2023;46:1747–58.
Nanto S. Technical aspects should also be fully considered in order to obtain better effectiveness of RDN. Hypertens Res. 2023;46:913–5.
Roubsanthisuk W, Kunanon S, Chattranukulchai P, Panchavinnin P, Wongpraparut N, Chaipromprasit J, et al. Thai Hypertension Society. 2022 Renal denervation therapy for the treatment of hypertension: a statement from the Thai Hypertension Society. Hypertens Res. 2023;46:898–912.
Chia YC, Wan Ahmad WA, Fong AYY, Rosman A, Abdul Rahman AR, Choo GH, et al. 2022 Malaysian Working Group Consensus Statement on Renal Denervation for management of arterial hypertension. Hypertens Res. 2022;45:1111–22.
Panchavinnin P, Wanthong S, Roubsanthisuk W, Tresukosol D, Buranakitjaroen P, Chotruangnapa C, et al. Long-term outcome of renal nerve denervation (RDN) for resistant hypertension. Hypertens Res. 2022;45:962–6.
Ohya Y, et al. The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Elevated Blood Pressure and Hypertension 2025 (JSH2025), (in Japanese) August 29, 2025.
Azizi M, Schmieder RE, Mahfoud F, Weber MA, Daemen J, Davies J, et al. Endovascular ultrasound renal denervation to treat hypertension (RADIANCE-HTN SOLO): a multicentre, international, single-blind, randomised, sham-controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;391:2335–45.
Azizi M, Sanghvi K, Saxena M, Gosse P, Reilly JP, Levy T, et al. Ultrasound renal denervation for hypertension resistant to a triple medication pill (RADIANCE-HTN TRIO): a randomised, multicentre, single-blind, sham-controlled trial. Lancet. 2021;397:2476–86.
Kirtane AJ, Sharp ASP, Mahfoud F, Fisher NDL, Schmieder RE, Daemen J, et al. RADIANCE Investigators and Collaborators. Patient-Level Pooled Analysis of Ultrasound Renal Denervation in the Sham-Controlled RADIANCE II, RADIANCE-HTN SOLO, and RADIANCE-HTN TRIO Trials. JAMA Cardiol. 2023;8:464–73.
Azizi M, Saxena M, Wang Y, Jenkins JS, Devireddy C, Rader F, et al. RADIANCE II Investigators and CollaboratorsEndovascular Ultrasound Renal Denervation to Treat Hypertension: The RADIANCE II Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2023;329:651–61.
Böhm, Kario M, Kandzari K, Mahfoud DE, Weber MA F, Schmieder RE, et al. SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED Pivotal Investigators. Efficacy of catheter-based renal denervation in the absence of antihypertensive medications (SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED Pivotal): a multicentre, randomised, sham-controlled trial. Lancet. 2020;395:1444–51.
Kario K, Böhm M, Mahfoud F, Townsend RR, Weber MA, Patel M, et al. Twenty-Four-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Reduction Patterns After Renal Denervation in the SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED Trial. Circulation. 2018;138:1602–4.
Mahfoud F, Kandzari DE, Kario K, Townsend RR, Weber MA, Schmieder RE, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of renal denervation in the presence of antihypertensive drugs (SPYRAL HTN-ON MED): a randomised, sham-controlled trial. Lancet. 2022;399:1401–10.
Kandzari DE, Townsend RR, Kario K, Mahfoud F, Weber MA, Schmieder RE, et al. Safety and efficacy of renal denervation in patients taking antihypertensive medications. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023;82:1809–23.
Kario K, Kandzari DE, Mahfoud F, Weber MA, Schmieder RE, Tsioufis K, et al. Renal denervation lowers nighttime blood pressure in true resistant hypertension. Hypertension. 2024;81:e200–e202.
Kandzari DE, Mahfoud F, Townsend RR, Kario K, Weber MA, Schmieder RE, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of renal denervation: 24-month results from the spyRAL HTN-ON MED Trial. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2025;18:e015194.
Kario K, Yamamoto E, Tomita H, Okura T, Saito S, Ueno T, et al. Sufficient and persistent blood pressure reduction in the final long-term results from SYMPLICITY HTN-Japan – safety and efficacy of renal denervation at 3 years. Circ J. 2019;83:622–9.
Kario K, Mahfoud F, Kandzari DE, Townsend RR, Weber MA, Schmieder RE, et al. Long-term reduction in morning and nighttime blood pressure after renal denervation: 36-month results from SPYRAL HTN-ON MED trial. Hypertens Res. 2023;46:280–8.
Bloch MJ, Kirtane AJ, Azizi M, Mahfoud F, Basile J, Daemen J, et al. RADIANCE-HTN Investigators. 36-month durability of ultrasound renal denervation for hypertension resistant to combination therapy in RADIANCE-HTN TRIO. Hypertens Res. 2024;47:3467–72.
Kario K, Tomitani N, Wang TD, Park S, Li Y, Shin J, et al. Home blood pressure-centered approach – from digital health to medical practice: HOPE Asia Network consensus statement 2023. Hypertens Res. 2023;46:2561–74.
Fujiwara T, Yano Y, Hoshide S, Kanegae H, Kario K. Association of cardiovascular outcomes with masked hypertension defined by home blood pressure monitoring in a Japanese general practice population. JAMA Cardiol. 2018;3:583–90.
Fujiwara T, Hoshide S, Kario K. Association between home blood pressure control status and cardiovascular prognosis in participants with left ventricular hypertrophy: the J-HOP study. J Hypertens. 2025;43:1793–801.
Wachi S, Narita K, Fujiwara T, Komori T, Hoshide S, Kario K. Association of home blood pressure with asymptomatic Stage B heart failure determined by cardiac biomarkers. Hypertens Res. 2025;48:2654–63.
Kario K, Hoshide S, Chia YC, Buranakitjaroen P, Siddique S, Shin J, et al. Guidance on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: A statement from the HOPE Asia Network. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2021;23:411–21.
Kario K, Hoshide S, Narita K, Okawara Y, Kanegae H. Investigators’ network. Cardiovascular prognosis in drug-resistant hypertension stratified by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure: the JAMP study. Hypertension. 2021;78:1781–90.
Kario K, Okawara Y, Kanegae H, Tomitani N, Hoshide S. Relationship between home blood pressure monitoring-confirmed resistant hypertension and cardiovascular prognosis. Hypertension. 2025;82:2241–51.
Kario K, Tomitani N, Hoshide S, Nishizawa M, Yoshida T, Kabutoya T, et al. Different Home Blood Pressure Thresholds to Predict Perfect 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Control in Treated Hypertension Based on an “All-in-One” Device. Hypertension. 2023;80:2464–72. HI-JAMP Study Group.
Kario K. Catheter-based renal denervation ready for the management of hypertension: evidence, challenges, and perspectives. J Am Heart Assoc. 2024;13:e037099.
Kario K, Nishiyama A, Shibata S, Mogi M, Arima H, Kishi T, et al. Promoting committee of the eradication of morning hypertension. The JSH morning hypertension eradication program project. Hypertens Res. 2025;48:2771–80.
Kario K, Wang JG, Chia YC, Wang TD, Li Y, Siddique S, et al. The HOPE Asia network 2022 up-date consensus statement on morning hypertension management. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2022;24:1112-20.
Hoshide S, Yano Y, Haimoto H, Yamagiwa K, Uchiba K, Nagasaka S, et al. Morning and evening home blood pressure and risks of incident stroke and coronary artery disease in the japanese general practice population: the Japan Morning Surge-Home Blood Pressure Study. Hypertension. 2016;68:54–61.
Kario K, Saito I, Kushiro T, Teramukai S, Tomono Y, Okuda Y, et al. Morning Home Blood Pressure Is a Strong Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease: The HONEST Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:1519–27.
Kario K, Iwashita M, Okuda Y, Sugiyama M, Saito I, Kushiro T, et al. Morning home blood pressure and cardiovascular events in Japanese hypertensive patients. Hypertension. 2018;72:854–61.
Kario K, Kanegae H, Tomitani N, Okawara Y, Fujiwara T, Yano Y, et al. Nighttime blood pressure measured by home blood pressure monitoring as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in general practice. Hypertension. 2019;73:1240–8.
Fujiwara T, Hoshide S, Kanegae H, Kario K. Cardiovascular event risks associated with masked nocturnal hypertension defined by home blood pressure monitoring in the J-HOP nocturnal blood pressure study. Hypertension. 2020;76:259–66.
Staplin N, de la Sierra A, Ruilope LM, Emberson JR, Vinyoles E, Gorostidi M, et al. Relationship between clinic and ambulatory blood pressure and mortality: an observational cohort study in 59 124 patients. Lancet. 2023;401:2041–50.
Kario K, Williams B. Nocturnal hypertension and heart failure: Mechanisms, evidence, and new treatments. Hypertension. 2021;78:564–77.
Kario K, Hoshide S, Mizuno H, Kabutoya T, Nishizawa M, Yoshida T, et al. Nighttime blood pressure phenotype and cardiovascular prognosis: The practitioner-based nationwide JAMP Study. Circulation. 2020;142:1810–20. on behalf of JAMP study group.
Kario K, Hoshide S, Mizuno H, Kabutoya T, Nishizawa M, Yoshida T, et al. Nighttime hemodynamic phenotype. A novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially heart failure: the practitioner-based nationwide JAMP study. Clin Res Cardiol. 2023;112:98–110. JAMP Study Group.
Kario K, Okawara Y, Kanegae H, Tomitani N, Hoshide S. Peak nocturnal home blood pressure as an early and strong novel risk factor for stroke: the practitioner-based nationwide J-HOP Nocturnal BP study. Hypertens Res. 2025;48:622–31.
Kario K, Hettrick DA, Prejbisz A, Januszewicz A. Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Induced Neurogenic Nocturnal Hypertension: A Potential Role of Renal Denervation?. Hypertension. 2021;77:1047–60.
Kario K, Pickering TG, Umeda Y, Hoshide S, Hoshide Y, Morinari M, et al. Morning surge in blood pressure as a predictor of silent and clinical cerebrovascular disease in elderly hypertensives: a prospective study. Circulation. 2003;107:1401–6.
Hoshide S, Kario K. Morning surge in blood pressure and stroke events in a large modern ambulatory blood pressure monitoring cohort: Results of the JAMP Study. Hypertension. 2021;78:894–6.
Kario K. Proposal of a new strategy for ambulatory blood pressure profile-based management of resistant hypertension in the era of renal denervation. Hypertens Res. 2013;36:478–84.
Kario K, Bhatt DL, Brar S, Cohen SA, Fahy M, Bakris GL. Effect of Catheter-Based Renal Denervation on Morning and Nocturnal Blood Pressure: Insights From SYMPLICITY HTN-3 and SYMPLICITY HTN-Japan. Hypertension. 2015;66:1130–7.
Kario K, Bhatt DL, Kandzari DE, Brar S, Flack JM, Gilbert C, et al. Impact of Renal Denervation on Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Resistant Hypertension - Insights From the SYMPLICITY HTN-3 Trial. Circ J. 2016;80:1404–12.
Kario K, Weber MA, Mahfoud F, Kandzari DE, Schmieder RE, Kirtane AJ, et al. Changes in 24-Hour Patterns of Blood Pressure in Hypertension Following Renal Denervation Therapy. Hypertensiong. 2019;74:244–9.
Kario K, Kim BK, Aoki J, Wong AY, Lee YH, Wongpraparut N, et al. Renal Denervation in Asia: Consensus Statement of the Asia Renal Denervation Consortium. Hypertension. 2020;75:590–602.
Kario K, Weber MA, Böhm M, Townsend RR, Mahfoud F, Schmieder RE, et al. Effect of renal denervation in attenuating the stress of morning surge in blood pressure: post-hoc analysis from the SPYRAL HTN-ON MED trial. Clin Res Cardiol. 2021;110:725–31.
Lauder L, Mahfoud F, Azizi M, Bhatt DL, Ewen S, Kario K, et al. Hypertension management in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. Eur Heart J. 2023;44:2066–77.
Kario K. Essential manual of perfect 24-hour blood pressure management from morning to nocturnal hypertension (2nd edition). Pp1-374, London, Wiley, 2022.
Kario K, Kagitani H, Hayashi S, Hanamura S, Ozawa K, Kanegae H. A Japan nationwide web-based survey of patient preference for renal denervation for hypertension treatment. Hypertens Res. 2022;45:232–40.
Schmieder RE, Högerl K, Jung S, Bramlage P, Veelken R, Ott C. Patient preference for therapies in hypertension: a cross-sectional survey of German patients. Clin Res Cardiol. 2019;108:1331–42.
Kario K, Cao KN, Tanaka Y, Ryschon AM, Pietzsch JB. Cost-effectiveness of radiofrequency renal denervation for uncontrolled hypertension in Japan. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2024;26:1502–12.
Sharp ASP, Cao KN, Esler MD, Kandzari DE, Lobo MD, Schmieder RE, et al. Cost-effectiveness of catheter-based radiofrequency renal denervation for the treatment of uncontrolled hypertension: an analysis for the UK based on recent clinical evidence. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes. 2024;10:698–708.
Kario K. Implementation hypertension: a new paradigm for global hypertension control in the JSH 2025, WHO 2025, and AHA/ACC 2025 guideline era. Hypertens Res. 2026;49:1-6.
Kario K. Achievement rate of blood pressure control <130/80 mmHg as the core metric of implementation hypertension, based on the new JSH2025 and AHA/ACC2025 guidelines. Hypertens Res. 2025;48:2784–8.
Kario K, Nishiyama A, Shibata S, Arima H, Furuhashi M, Ichihara A, et al. Digital hypertension, implementation hypertension, and internationalization – 3 pillars of Japanese Society of Hypertension 2024-2026 advancing hypertension science from Japan to the world in the information network era. Hypertens Res. 2025;48:1–5.