{"id":5538,"date":"2026-04-14T16:07:36","date_gmt":"2026-04-14T16:07:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/japan\/5538\/"},"modified":"2026-04-14T16:07:36","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T16:07:36","slug":"twenty-one-demands-japanese-imperialism-chinese-resistance-manchurian-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/japan\/5538\/","title":{"rendered":"Twenty-one Demands | Japanese Imperialism, Chinese Resistance &#038; Manchurian Crisis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\t\t\t\tTable of Contents<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\tTable of Contents<\/p>\n<p>  Ask Anything<\/p>\n<p class=\"topic-paragraph\">Twenty-one Demands,  (Jan. 18, 1915), claims made by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Japan\" class=\"md-crosslink \" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Japanese<\/a> government to special privileges in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\" class=\"md-crosslink autoxref \" data-show-preview=\"true\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">China<\/a> during <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/World-War-I\" class=\"md-crosslink autoxref \" data-show-preview=\"true\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">World War I<\/a>. The major European powers, which already enjoyed similar privileges in China, could not oppose <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Japan\" class=\"md-crosslink autoxref \" data-show-preview=\"true\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Japan\u2019s<\/a> move because of their involvement in the war. On May 7 Japan delivered an ultimatum, to which the Chinese president, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Yuan-Shikai\" class=\"md-crosslink \" data-show-preview=\"true\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Yuan Shikai<\/a>, <a class=\"md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off mw\" data-term=\"capitulated\" href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/capitulated\" data-type=\"MW\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">capitulated<\/a> by signing a series of Sino-Japanese agreements on May 25.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\tQuick Facts<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDate:<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJanuary 18, 1915 <\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(Show\u00a0more)<\/p>\n<p class=\"topic-paragraph\">The demands called for confirmation of Japan\u2019s railway and mining claims in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Shandong-province-China\" class=\"md-crosslink \" data-show-preview=\"true\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Shandong province<\/a>; granting of special <a class=\"md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off mw\" data-term=\"concessions\" href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/concessions\" data-type=\"MW\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">concessions<\/a> in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Manchuria\" class=\"md-crosslink \" data-show-preview=\"true\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Manchuria<\/a>; Sino-Japanese control of the Han-Ye-Ping mining base in central China; access to harbours, bays, and islands along China\u2019s coast; and Japanese control, through advisers, of Chinese financial, political, and police affairs. Yuan\u2019s forced acceptance of all but the last point greatly increased anti-Japanese feeling in China.<\/p>\n<p>This article was most recently revised and updated by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/editor\/Zhihou-Xia\/4725\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Zhihou Xia<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Table of Contents Table of Contents Ask Anything Twenty-one Demands, (Jan. 18, 1915), claims made by the Japanese&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5539,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[176],"tags":[185,184,183,182,177,179,180,178,5083],"class_list":{"0":"post-5538","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-politics","8":"tag-article","9":"tag-britannica","10":"tag-encyclopeadia","11":"tag-encyclopedia","12":"tag-japans-politics","13":"tag-japanese-politics","14":"tag-politics","15":"tag-politics-of-japan","16":"tag-twenty-one-demands"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/japan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5538","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/japan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/japan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/japan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/japan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5538"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/japan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5538\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/japan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5539"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/japan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5538"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/japan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5538"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/japan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}