{"id":179863,"date":"2026-05-17T04:41:13","date_gmt":"2026-05-17T04:41:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lt\/179863\/"},"modified":"2026-05-17T04:41:13","modified_gmt":"2026-05-17T04:41:13","slug":"po-80-metu-atrastas-naujas-gamtoje-neegzistuojantis-kristalas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lt\/179863\/","title":{"rendered":"po 80 met\u0173 atrastas naujas, gamtoje neegzistuojantis kristalas"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V\u0117liau mokslininkai \u0161\u012f \u0161viesiai \u017eali\u0105 ir raudon\u0105, silpnai radioaktyv\u0173 stikl\u0105 pavadino \u201etrinititu\u201c pagal bandym\u0173 viet\u0105 \u2013 Trinity. Dabar, pra\u0117jus daugiau nei 80 met\u0173, mokslininkai atrado, kad kai kuriame raudoname trinitite yra unikali\u0173 kristal\u0173, kuri\u0173 niekur kitur gamtoje nerasta. Jie i\u0161samiai apra\u0161\u0117 \u0161\u012f atradim\u0105 gegu\u017e\u0117s 11 d. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1073\/pnas.2604165123\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u017eurnale \u201ePNAS\u201c paskelbtame tyrime<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Tyrim\u0105 paskatino kitas mineralas: ne\u012fprastas kvazikristalas, anks\u010diau identifikuotas raudonojo trinitito m\u0117giniuose. Skirtingai nuo daugumos kvazikristal\u0173, kurie daugiausia sudaryti i\u0161 aliuminio, \u0161is kvazikristalas yra turtingas siliciu. Jo egzistavimas leido manyti, kad \u201eTrinity\u201c stikle gali slyp\u0117ti ir kiti keisti kristalai.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eNor\u0117jome toliau tyrin\u0117ti \u0161iuos ekstremaliomis s\u0105lygomis susidariusius produktus\u201c, \u2013 elektroniniu sako mineralogas i\u0161 Florencijos universiteto Italijoje ir naujojo tyrimo pagrindinis autorius Luca Bindi.<\/p>\n<p>Istorija kristale<\/p>\n<p>L. Bindi ir jo komanda, naudodami elektronin\u012f mikrozond\u0105 ir rentgeno difrakcij\u0105, i\u0161tyr\u0117 ret\u0105 raudonojo trinitito variant\u0105, vadinam\u0105 \u201eoxblood\u201c (\u201ejau\u010dio kraujas\u201c). \u012esp\u016bdinga \u0161io m\u0117ginio tamsiai raudona spalva susiformavo i\u0161 suirusio bandym\u0173 bok\u0161to ir j\u012f supusi\u0173 metalini\u0173 \u012frengini\u0173. Metalo la\u0161eliai i\u0161 \u0161i\u0173 konstrukcij\u0173 liko \u012fstrig\u0119 lydyto silicio stiklo viduje, kai jis susiliejo sprogimo metu, pakeisdami jo atspalv\u012f i\u0161 \u0161alavij\u0173 \u017ealios \u012f tamsiai raudon\u0105.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160iame m\u0117ginyje mokslininkai aptiko dar niekada nematyt\u0105 klatrato kristal\u0105. Klatratai yra kristalin\u0117s strukt\u016bros, kuriose vienas elementas sudaro \u201enarvel\u012f\u201c, \u012f kur\u012f \u012fstrig\u0119 kiti atomai. \u0160iuo atveju silicio atomai apgaub\u0117 var\u012f ir kalc\u012f susietuose 12-kamp\u0117se ir 14-kamp\u0117se kristalin\u0117se gardel\u0117se. Komanda teigia, kad tokia strukt\u016bra gamtoje yra reta, ypa\u010d neorganini\u0173 jungini\u0173 atveju.<\/p>\n<p>Tai pirmas kartas, kai klatrat\u0173 kristalai buvo rasti kaip branduolinio sprogimo \u0161alutinis produktas. \u201eTrinity\u201c sprogimo metu temperat\u016bra vir\u0161ijo 1500 laipsni\u0173 Celsijaus, o sl\u0117gis trumpam pakilo iki 8 gigapaskali\u0173 \u2013 tai prilygsta sl\u0117giui giliai po \u017dem\u0117s pluta. Tokios intensyvios s\u0105lygos privert\u0117 atomus susidaryti \u012f konfig\u016bracijas, kuri\u0173 jie paprastai negal\u0117t\u0173 sudaryti.<\/p>\n<p>Komanda taip pat tyr\u0117 galimyb\u0119, kad naujasis klatratas gal\u0117jo b\u016bti anks\u010diau apra\u0161yt\u0173 trinitito kvazikristal\u0173 pirmtakas. Matematin\u0117 analiz\u0117 parod\u0117, kad tai ma\u017eai tik\u0117tina. Ta\u010diau \u0161io ry\u0161io tyrin\u0117jimas padeda i\u0161pl\u0117sti m\u016bs\u0173 \u017einias apie mineral\u0173 susidarymo vir\u0161utines ribas, kurios gerokai pranoksta visk\u0105, k\u0105 galima atkurti laboratorijoje.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eEkstremal\u016bs rei\u0161kiniai \u2013 tokie kaip branduoliniai sprogimai, \u017eaibai ar susid\u016brimai \u2013 gali sukurti naujas mineral\u0173 fazes ir strukt\u016bras, kurios praple\u010dia m\u016bs\u0173 supratim\u0105 apie tai, kaip med\u017eiaga susidaro ekstremaliomis s\u0105lygomis\u201c, \u2013 sako L. Bindi.<\/p>\n<p>Parengta pagal \u201eLive Science\u201c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"V\u0117liau mokslininkai \u0161\u012f \u0161viesiai \u017eali\u0105 ir raudon\u0105, silpnai radioaktyv\u0173 stikl\u0105 pavadino \u201etrinititu\u201c pagal bandym\u0173 viet\u0105 \u2013 Trinity. Dabar,&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":179864,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[25,30,31,34,35,24,32,33,37,39,36,38,40,23,22,44,28,29,26,27,74,75,76],"class_list":{"0":"post-179863","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-pasaulis","8":"tag-antrastes","9":"tag-breaking-news","10":"tag-breakingnews","11":"tag-featured-news","12":"tag-featurednews","13":"tag-headlines","14":"tag-latest-news","15":"tag-latestnews","16":"tag-lietuva","17":"tag-lietuviu","18":"tag-lithuania","19":"tag-lithuanian","20":"tag-lt","21":"tag-naujienos","22":"tag-news","23":"tag-pasaulis","24":"tag-populiariausios-naujienos","25":"tag-populiariausiosnaujienos","26":"tag-top-stories","27":"tag-topstories","28":"tag-world","29":"tag-world-news","30":"tag-worldnews"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@lt\/116588084308125108","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179863","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=179863"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179863\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/179864"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=179863"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=179863"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=179863"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}