Amerik\u0101\u0146u komp\u0101nija Reflect Orbital pl\u0101no izveidot konstel\u0101ciju no 4000 milz\u012bgiem spogu\u013ciem zem\u0101s Zemes orb\u012bt\u0101, lai nakt\u012b \u00abp\u0101rdotu saules gaismu\u00bb. Pirm\u0101 apar\u0101ta palai\u0161ana pl\u0101nota 2026. gada s\u0101kum\u0101. Tom\u0113r eksperti uzskata \u0161o pl\u0101nu par \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi nepraktisku un pat b\u012bstamu cilv\u0113ku dz\u012bv\u012bbai.<\/p>\n
Baid\u0101s, ka tuvojo\u0161\u0101 orb\u012btu satel\u012btu grup\u0113\u0161an\u0101s un jaunu palai\u0161anu sekas k\u013c\u016bst arvien j\u016btam\u0101kas \u2014 p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 laik\u0101 par to run\u0101 ar satrauco\u0161u regularit\u0101ti. Piem\u0113ram, tie jau s\u0101k trauc\u0113t astronomiskajiem nov\u0113rojumiem, un pla\u0161u av\u0101riju risks pieaug neticami strauji.<\/p>\n
Tom\u0113r dr\u012bzum\u0101 par\u0101d\u012bsies jauns satel\u012btu tips, kas apzin\u0101ti virz\u012bs saules gaismu uz Zemes virsmu nakt\u012b.<\/p>\n
Agr\u0101k ASV jaunuz\u0146\u0113mums Reflect Orbital pazi\u0146oja par pl\u0101niem izveidot konstel\u0101ciju no 4000 milz\u012bgiem spogu\u013ciem zem\u0101 Zemes orb\u012bt\u0101, lai nakt\u012b \u00abp\u0101rdotu saules gaismu\u00bb klientiem. Tie b\u016btu aptuveni no desmit l\u012bdz 55 m malas garum\u0101. Prototips ar nosaukumu Earendil-1, kura garums ir aptuveni 18 m, var\u0113tu tikt palaists jau 2026. gada apr\u012bl\u012b, nor\u0101d\u012bts komp\u0101nijas iesniegum\u0101 Feder\u0101lajai ASV sakaru komisijai (FCC). Tom\u0113r tam bija ar\u012b padomju priek\u0161tecis.<\/p>\n
\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c \u00ab\u0417\u043d\u0430\u043c\u044f\u00bb?<\/p>\n
Tas par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s v\u0113l 1980. gadu beig\u0101s k\u0101 da\u013ca no darba pie saules bur\u0101m \u2014 konstrukcij\u0101m, kas izmanto Saules starojuma spiedienu kosmosa ku\u0123u kust\u012bbai. V\u0113l\u0101k tehnolo\u0123iju p\u0101rorient\u0113ja uz zemes vajadz\u012bb\u0101m: att\u0101lo re\u0123ionu apgaismo\u0161anai, pal\u012bdz\u012bbai \u0101rk\u0101rtas situ\u0101cij\u0101s un ener\u0123ijas ekonom\u0113\u0161anai. Projekta galven\u0101 fig\u016bra kosmisko spogu\u013cu izstr\u0101d\u0113 bija izcils konstruktors Vladimirs Syromyatnikov. P\u0113c vi\u0146a dom\u0101m, tie var\u0113tu apgaismot Sib\u012brijas laukus, \u013caujot audz\u0113t ra\u017eu visu diennakti, vai pal\u012bdz\u0113t gl\u0101b\u0113jiem katastrofu zon\u0101s, kur elektroener\u0123ija nav pieejama.<\/p>\n
Kopum\u0101 notika divi eksperimenti \u2014 veiksm\u012bgais \u00ab\u0417\u043d\u0430\u043c\u044f 2\u00bb un izg\u0101zu\u0161ais \u00ab\u0417\u043d\u0430\u043c\u044f 2,5\u00bb.<\/p>\n
Pirmaj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 20 metrus plata saules spogu\u013ca ier\u012bce tika palaista uz \u00abProgress M-15\u00bb palai\u0161anas bloka no Baikonuras kosmodroma 1992. gada 27. oktobr\u012b. Atstarojo\u0161\u0101 pl\u0101ksne tika veiksm\u012bgi izv\u0113rsta 1993. gada 4. febru\u0101r\u012b. T\u0101 rad\u012bja spo\u017eu plankumu (aptuveni asto\u0146u kilometru platum\u0101), kas \u0161\u0137\u0113rsoja Eiropu no dienvidu Francijas l\u012bdz rietumu Krievijai. Tam bija spo\u017eums, aptuveni ekvivalents pilnam M\u0113nesim. Eksperiments ilga apm\u0113ram piecas stundas. P\u0113c tam apar\u0101ts tika nogremd\u0113ts no orb\u012btas un izdega atmosf\u0113r\u0101 virs Kan\u0101das. Eksperiments tika pasludin\u0101ts par tehniski veiksm\u012bgu, lai gan par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s ar\u012b noteiktas probl\u0113mas. Piem\u0113ram, atstarot\u0101 gaisma izr\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s daudz v\u0101j\u0101ka par cer\u0113to un p\u0101r\u0101k izklied\u0113ta, lai apgaismotu lielu Zemes plat\u012bbu.<\/p>\n
Tom\u0113r pirm\u0101 testa veiksme iedvesmoja uzlabo\u0161anai. Jaunajam spogulim no Zemes b\u016btu j\u0101izskat\u0101s k\u0101 pieciem l\u012bdz desmit pilniem M\u0113ne\u0161iem p\u0113c spo\u017euma un j\u0101veido aptuveni septi\u0146u kilometru diametra sl\u0113dzi. Tom\u0113r tas izg\u0101z\u0101s: 1999. gada 4. febru\u0101r\u012b eksperiments tika p\u0101rtraukt priek\u0161laic\u012bgi autom\u0101tisk\u0101s ku\u0123a vad\u012bbas programmas k\u013c\u016bmes d\u0113\u013c. Rezult\u0101t\u0101 \u00abProgress M-40\u00bb tika nolaists no orb\u012btas un nogremd\u0113ts oke\u0101n\u0101 kop\u0101 ar atstarot\u0101ju.<\/p>\n
Tika pl\u0101nots ar\u012b tre\u0161ais projekts \u00ab\u0417\u043d\u0430\u043c\u044f 3\u00bb, bet neveiksme iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 eksperiment\u0101 izrais\u012bja t\u0101 atcel\u0161anu un programmas aptur\u0113\u0161anu: bud\u017eets izs\u012bkst, un investoru interese izbal\u0113ja.<\/p>\n
\u0417\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438: \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e?<\/p>\n
Reflect Orbital pl\u0101no izs\u016bt\u012bt t\u016bksto\u0161iem satel\u012btu ar atstarojo\u0161\u0101m pl\u0101ksn\u0113m \u2014 b\u016bt\u012bb\u0101 milz\u012bgiem kosmiskajiem spogu\u013ciem \u2014 zem\u0101 Zemes orb\u012bt\u0101, lai novirz\u012btu saules gaismu uz nakts pusi plan\u0113tas.<\/p>\n
Komp\u0101nijas pazi\u0146ojum\u0101 tos var\u0113s izmantot, lai apg\u0101d\u0101tu ar ener\u0123iju saules elektrocentr\u0101les, pal\u012bdz\u0113tu mekl\u0113\u0161anas un gl\u0101b\u0161anas oper\u0101cij\u0101s un pat c\u012bn\u012btos pret sezon\u0101lo depresiju it k\u0101 pagarinot dienasgaismas laiku. Reflect Orbital jau iesniedza pieteikumu Feder\u0101laj\u0101 sakaru komisij\u0101 (FCC) licences sa\u0146em\u0161anai. Pirmo satel\u012btu t\u0101 pl\u0101no palaist 2026. gada s\u0101kum\u0101, novirzot saules gaismu uz desmit punktiem k\u0101 da\u013cu no starta \u00abpasaules t\u016bres\u00bb. Turpm\u0101k komp\u0101nija pl\u0101no izvest orb\u012bt\u0101 t\u016bksto\u0161iem iek\u0101rtu ar spogu\u013ciem desmitu metru lielum\u0101, lai atstarotu gaismu uz Zemi \u00abatt\u0101lin\u0101t\u0101m oper\u0101cij\u0101m, aizsardz\u012bbai, civilajai infrastrukt\u016brai un ener\u0123ijas ra\u017eo\u0161anai\u00bb.<\/p>\n
Tom\u0113r eksperti uzskata \u0161o pl\u0101nu par \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi nepraktisku un nerekomend\u0113jamu \u012bsteno\u0161anai. V\u0113l vair\u0101k \u2014 p\u0113c vi\u0146u dom\u0101m, tas var rad\u012bt re\u0101lu draudu cilv\u0113ku dz\u012bv\u012bbai.<\/p>\n
\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0441 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c? \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442<\/p>\n
Saska\u0146\u0101 ar Reflect Orbital pazi\u0146ojumu, l\u012bdz 2030. gadam komp\u0101nija nodro\u0161in\u0101s t\u0101du satel\u012btu p\u0101rkl\u0101jumu, kas \u013caus novirz\u012bt uz saules elektrostacij\u0101m uz Zemes l\u012bdz 200 vatu uz kvadr\u0101tmetru \u2014 apgaismojuma l\u012bmenim, kas sal\u012bdzin\u0101ms ar kr\u0113slu r\u012btausm\u0101 un kr\u0113sl\u0101 vakarpus\u0113. Tom\u0113r, k\u0101 nor\u0101da New Scientist, saska\u0146\u0101 ar dokumentos FCC iesniegtaj\u0101m pirm\u0101 satel\u012bta tehniskaj\u0101m specifik\u0101cij\u0101m lietder\u012bg\u0101 gaismas daudzuma, kas sasniegs Zemes virsmu, b\u016bs iev\u0113rojami maz\u0101k.<\/p>\n
T\u0101, John Barentine no Dark Sky Consulting un ar\u012b Amerikas Astronomijas biedr\u012bbas astronomi, izmantojot Reflect Orbital pieteikuma datus, apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101ja, k\u0101du jaudu var\u0113tu sa\u0146emt saules ener\u0123\u0113tika uz Zemes.<\/p>\n
\u00abViena atstarojo\u0161\u0101 ier\u012bce \u2014 gaismas daudzums, kas sasniedz virsmu, ir katastrof\u0101li nepietiekams, lai barotu saules elektrostacijas,\u00bb nor\u0101da vi\u0146\u0161, piebilstot, ka apgaismojuma l\u012bmenis b\u016bs aptuveni \u010detru pilnu M\u0113ne\u0161u ekvivalents, kas liel\u0101 teritorij\u0101 praktiski nedos paman\u0101mu elektroener\u0123ijas ra\u017eo\u0161anu. Agr\u0101k Monash Universit\u0101tes astronomijas katedras docents Michael Brown un vi\u0146a kol\u0113\u0123is no Leidenes universit\u0101tes Matthew Kenworthy, v\u0113rt\u0113jot, cik spo\u017ea b\u016bs atstarot\u0101 gaisma, nor\u0101d\u012bja, ka vienam apar\u0101tam ar 54 m spoguli t\u0101 b\u016bs 15 000 reizes v\u0101j\u0101ka par pusdienlaika sauli. Lai sasniegtu komp\u0101nijas deklar\u0113to apgaismojuma l\u012bmeni (20% no saules gaismas), b\u016btu nepiecie\u0161ami 3000 t\u0101du satel\u012btu, un tas ir milz\u012bgs skaits, lai apgaismotu tikai vienu re\u0123ionu.<\/p>\n
\u00abV\u0113l viena probl\u0113ma: satel\u012bti 625 km augstum\u0101 p\u0101rvietojas ar \u0101trumu 7,5 km\/s. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di satel\u012bts atrad\u012bsies 1000 km r\u0101dius\u0101 no punkta uz Zemes ne vair\u0101k k\u0101 3,5 min\u016btes. T\u0101tad 3000 satel\u012bti dos tikai da\u017eas min\u016btes apgaismojuma. Lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu vismaz stundu, b\u016btu vajadz\u012bgas v\u0113l t\u016bksto\u0161iem,\u00bb nor\u0101d\u012bja eksperti.<\/p>\n
Kosm\u0113tikas \u0113tikas speci\u0101liste no D\u0101ramas Universit\u0101tes Fiona Thomson sarun\u0101 ar LiveScience sauca ideju par tehniski \u00abdefekt\u012bvu\u00bb.<\/p>\n
\u00abMaz ticams, ka t\u0101 tiks \u012bstenota dz\u012bv\u0113, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 in\u017eeniertehnisk\u0101s izpildes sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u012bbu un darb\u012bbu p\u0101rpild\u012btaj\u0101s orb\u012bt\u0101s,\u00bb vi\u0146a nor\u0101d\u012bja.<\/p>\n
\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u044f\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/p>\n
Vai spogu\u013csatel\u012bti var b\u016bt praktisks veids, k\u0101 nakt\u012b ieg\u016bt l\u0113tu saules ener\u0123iju? Visticam\u0101k n\u0113, saka eksperti. Toties tie noteikti rad\u012bs posto\u0161u gaismas pies\u0101r\u0146ojumu.<\/p>\n
\u00abPat testa satel\u012bts da\u017ek\u0101rt b\u016bs spo\u017e\u0101ks nek\u0101 pilnais M\u0113ness. \u0160\u0101du spogu\u013cu konstel\u0101cija b\u016btu katastrofa astronomijai un b\u012bstama astronomiem: katra spogu\u013ca virsma var b\u016bt gandr\u012bz tikpat spo\u017ea k\u0101 Saule, past\u0101vot risks past\u0101v\u012bgai acu boj\u0101\u0161anai,\u00bb br\u012bdin\u0101ja Brown un Kenworthy.<\/p>\n
To apstiprina ar\u012b citi speci\u0101listi. John Barentine atsauc\u0101s uz redzes dro\u0161\u012bbas p\u0113t\u012bjumiem, ko veica fizi\u0137is James LaFramboise un optometrijas profesors Ralph Chu, kuros br\u012bdina, ka tik lieli satel\u012bti, kas atstaro saules gaismu, tie\u0161\u0101m var boj\u0101t redzi, raksta SkyAndTelescope.<\/p>\n
Turkl\u0101t tas apgr\u016btin\u0101s zvaig\u017e\u0146u izp\u0113ti, jo debes\u012bs par\u0101d\u012bsies t\u016bksto\u0161iem jaunu spo\u017eu objektu, kas \u0101tri p\u0101rvietosies.<\/p>\n
\u0412\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430<\/p>\n
P\u0113t\u012bjumi ar\u012b r\u0101da, ka gaismas pies\u0101r\u0146ojums ietekm\u0113 dz\u012bvnieku un augu uzved\u012bbu. Astronome no Alabamas universit\u0101tes Birmingem\u0101 Michelle Wooten nor\u0101da, ka jau ierast\u0101s gaismas pies\u0101r\u0146ojuma formas \u2014 no m\u0101j\u0101m, transporta un r\u016bpniec\u012bbas objektiem \u2014 ietekm\u0113 putnus. No orb\u012btas novirz\u012bta gaisma rad\u012bs t\u0101du pa\u0161u dezorient\u0113jo\u0161u efektu k\u0101 pils\u0113tu apgaismojums uz putnu migr\u0101ciju un var novest pie to n\u0101ves.<\/p>\n
Bet tas nav viss. \u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101, ka spogulis var tikt pagriezts uz jebkuru Zemes vietu bez br\u012bdin\u0101juma, izvair\u012bties no t\u0101 ietekmes b\u016bs neiesp\u0113jami. Gaismas uzplaiksn\u012bjumi var nov\u0113rst pilotu uzman\u012bbu pacel\u0161an\u0101s vai nos\u0113\u0161an\u0101s br\u012bd\u012b, radot b\u012bstamas situ\u0101cijas ar draudiem cilv\u0113ku dz\u012bv\u012bbai.<\/p>\n
\u00abViena maza komp\u0101nija Kalifornij\u0101 ar da\u017eiem miljoniem dol\u0101ru un viena feder\u0101las a\u0123ent\u016bras at\u013cauju var main\u012bt nakts debesis visai pasaulei. Tas ir \u0161ausm\u012bgi,\u00bb saka Reginas Universit\u0101tes astronome Samantha Lawler.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Amerik\u0101\u0146u komp\u0101nija Reflect Orbital pl\u0101no izveidot konstel\u0101ciju no 4000 milz\u012bgiem spogu\u013ciem zem\u0101s Zemes orb\u012bt\u0101, lai nakt\u012b \u00abp\u0101rdotu saules…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":100364,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[77,76,35,39,38,36,37,34,40],"class_list":{"0":"post-100363","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-bizness","8":"tag-bizness","9":"tag-business","10":"tag-latvia","11":"tag-latvian","12":"tag-latviesu","13":"tag-latviesu-valoda","14":"tag-latviesuvaloda","15":"tag-latvija","16":"tag-lv"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@lv\/115871856894176768","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100363","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=100363"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100363\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/100364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=100363"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=100363"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=100363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}