M\u0101ksl\u012bgais Neirona L\u0113ciens: Zin\u0101tnieki Rad\u012bju\u0161i Sil\u012bcija Kaut Dz\u012bva Izskata \u010cipu<\/p>\n
Aizraujo\u0161a inov\u0101cija n\u0101k no Masa\u010d\u016bsetsas Universit\u0101tes (UMass) Amherst\u0101, kur amerik\u0101\u0146u in\u017eenieri ir sasniegu\u0161i jaunu pav\u0113rsienu m\u0101ksl\u012bg\u0101 intelekta (MI) att\u012bst\u012bb\u0101. Vi\u0146i izstr\u0101d\u0101ju\u0161i m\u0101ksl\u012bgu neironu, kas ne vien atdarina, bet ar\u012b faktiski saska\u0146ojas ar saviem biolo\u0123iskajiem kol\u0113\u0123iem gan izm\u0113ra, gan ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146a, sign\u0101lu stipruma un reakcijas laika zi\u0146\u0101 uz \u0137\u012bmiskiem stimuliem.<\/p>\n
Neironi, tie apbr\u012bnojamie biolo\u0123iskie vien\u012bbas, kas atbild par m\u016bsu dom\u0101m, j\u016bt\u0101m un kust\u012bb\u0101m, veic sare\u017e\u0123\u012btu komunik\u0101ciju milz\u012bgos t\u012bklos, izmantojot gan elektriskus, gan \u0137\u012bmiskus sign\u0101lus. K\u0101 nor\u0101da p\u0113t\u012bjuma vado\u0161ais autors \u0160uai Fu, “M\u016bsu smadzenes apstr\u0101d\u0101 milz\u012bgu datu apjomu. Tom\u0113r to ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146\u0161 ir \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi zems, \u012bpa\u0161i sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar elektr\u012bbas daudzumu, kas nepiecie\u0161ams lielas valodu mode\u013ca, piem\u0113ram, ChatGPT, darb\u012bbai.” \u0160is sal\u012bdzin\u0101jums uzsver biolo\u0123isko sist\u0113mu iespaid\u012bgo efektivit\u0101ti.<\/p>\n
Memristora Nosl\u0113pums: Bakt\u0113riju Sp\u0113ks un Zems Ener\u0123ijas Pat\u0113ri\u0146\u0161<\/p>\n
\u0160\u012b jaun\u0101 m\u0101ksl\u012bg\u0101 neirona rad\u012b\u0161anas pamat\u0101 ir memristors \u2013 atmi\u0146u saturo\u0161s rezistors, kas izgatavots, izmantojot prote\u012bnu nanovadus, kuri ieg\u016bti no mikrobiem Geobacter sulfurreducens. \u0160\u012b unik\u0101l\u0101 bakt\u0113rija sp\u0113j veidot vado\u0161us nanizmiera vadus. Integr\u0113jot tos memristor\u0101, iev\u0113rojami tiek samazin\u0101ts nepiecie\u0161amais spriegums p\u0101rsl\u0113g\u0161anai. Rezult\u0101ts? Memristors sp\u0113j darboties ar aptuveni 60 mV spriegumu un maz\u0101m, aptuveni 1,7 nA str\u0101v\u0101m \u2013 r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ji, kas ir iev\u0113rojami tuvi re\u0101lo neironu parametriem.<\/p>\n
\n“Iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101s m\u0101ksl\u012bgo neironu versijas pat\u0113r\u0113ja desmit reizes vair\u0101k sprieguma un simts reizes vair\u0101k ener\u0123ijas nek\u0101 m\u016bsu izstr\u0101d\u0101jums. M\u016bsu uztver tikai 0,1 V, kas aptuveni atbilst m\u016bsu organism\u0101 eso\u0161o neironu spriegumam,” uzsver p\u0113t\u012bjuma korespond\u0113jotautors Dzjuns Jao.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
Biolo\u0123isk\u0101s Simul\u0101cijas: No Sign\u0101liem L\u012bdz Neirobmodul\u0101cijai<\/p>\n
Lai atdarin\u0101tu neirona elektrisk\u0101s aktivit\u0101tes da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s f\u0101zes, p\u0113tnieki integr\u0113ja memristoru vienk\u0101r\u0161\u0101 rezist\u012bvi-kapacitat\u012bv\u0101 \u0137\u0113d\u0113. \u0160\u012b pieeja \u013c\u0101va memristoram iziet l\u0101di\u0146a integr\u0101cijas posmus: l\u0113nu uzkr\u0101\u0161anos pirms neirona aktiv\u0101cijas, strauju depol\u0101riz\u0101ciju, \u012bsu impulsu aktiv\u0101cijas br\u012bd\u012b un repol\u0101riz\u0101ciju \u2013 atgrie\u0161anos miera st\u0101vokl\u012b un gatav\u012bbu n\u0101kamajam impulsam. Un, glu\u017ei k\u0101 \u012bstam neironam, \u0161\u012b konstrukcija nodro\u0161in\u0101ja ar\u012b refrakter\u0101 perioda jeb \u012bsas pauzes p\u0113c aktiv\u0101cijas iek\u013cau\u0161anu.<\/p>\n
T\u0101l\u0101k tika pievienoti \u0137\u012bmiskie sensori, kas sp\u0113j noteikt jonus, \u012bpa\u0161i n\u0101triju, un neirotransmit\u0113t\u0101jus, piem\u0113ram, dopam\u012bnu. Rea\u0123\u0113jot uz \u0161iem sign\u0101liem, sensori main\u012bja \u0137\u0113des elektrisk\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas. Tas imiti\u0113 to, k\u0101 re\u0101li neironi piel\u0101go savu darb\u012bbu atkar\u012bb\u0101 no apk\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101s vides \u0137\u012bmiskajiem sign\u0101liem \u2013 process, kas paz\u012bstams k\u0101 neirobmodul\u0101cija. Tas atver durvis uz daudz smalk\u0101ku un adapt\u012bv\u0101ku m\u0101ksl\u012bgo kognit\u012bvo sist\u0113mu izveidi.<\/p>\n
Siner\u0123ija Ar Biolo\u0123iju: Sirds \u0160\u016bnas Un Medic\u012bnas Potenci\u0101ls<\/p>\n
Intri\u0123\u0113jo\u0161\u0101kais solis bija m\u0101ksl\u012bg\u0101 neirona savieno\u0161ana ar re\u0101l\u0101m cilv\u0113ka sirds musku\u013cu \u0161\u016bn\u0101m \u2013 saraujo\u0161iem kardiomioc\u012btiem. Zin\u0101tnieki demonstr\u0113ja, k\u0101 vi\u0146u rad\u012btais neirons sp\u0113j atpaz\u012bt biolo\u0123iskus sign\u0101lus re\u0101laj\u0101 laik\u0101, piem\u0113ram, konstat\u0113jot kardiomioc\u012btu aktivit\u0101tes izmai\u0146as, rea\u0123\u0113jot uz noradrenal\u012bnu. \u0160\u012b sp\u0113ja tie\u0161i mijiedarboties ar biolo\u0123isk\u0101m sist\u0113m\u0101m ir milz\u012bgs solis uz priek\u0161u.<\/p>\n
\n“\u0160obr\u012bd mums ir pieejamas da\u017e\u0101das valk\u0101jamas elektronisk\u0101s sensoru sist\u0113mas, ta\u010du t\u0101s ir sal\u012bdzino\u0161i apgr\u016btino\u0161as un neefekt\u012bvas,” skaidro Dzjuns Jao. “Katru reizi, kad t\u0101s uztver sign\u0101lu no m\u016bsu \u0137erme\u0146a, t\u0101m tas ir elektriski j\u0101pastiprina, lai dators to var\u0113tu analiz\u0113t. \u0160is starpposma pastiprin\u0101\u0161anas posms palielina gan ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146u, gan \u0137\u0113des sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u012bbu. Ta\u010du sensori, kas balst\u012bti uz m\u016bsu zemssprieguma neironiem, to var veikt piln\u012bgi bez pastiprin\u0101\u0161anas.”<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
Lai gan prototips ir agr\u012bn\u0101 izstr\u0101des stadij\u0101 un eksperimenti veikti kontrol\u0113tos laboratorijas apst\u0101k\u013cos, nevis dz\u012bva organisma vid\u0113, \u0161\u012b tehnolo\u0123ija ir \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi daudzsolo\u0161a. T\u0101 var\u0113tu k\u013c\u016bt par pamatu n\u0101kotnes ier\u012b\u010du tehnolo\u0123ij\u0101m, kas apvienos elektroniku un biolo\u0123iju. \u0160\u0101di m\u0101ksl\u012bgie neironi n\u0101kotn\u0113 var\u0113tu pal\u012bdz\u0113t atjaunot vai aizst\u0101t boj\u0101tas smadze\u0146u neironu \u0137\u0113des, uzlabot neiro-datoru saskarnes vai kalpot k\u0101 sensori, kas re\u0101l\u0101 laik\u0101 uzrauga \u0161\u016bnu st\u0101vokli un reakciju uz medikamentiem. Pateicoties \u013coti zemajam ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146am un darb\u012bbai biolo\u0123isko sign\u0101lu l\u012bmen\u012b, \u0161\u0101di m\u0101ksl\u012bgie neironi var\u0113tu izrais\u012bt daudz efekt\u012bv\u0101ku skait\u013co\u0161anas apr\u012bkojuma rad\u012b\u0161anu, kas cie\u0161i l\u012bdzin\u0101tos smadze\u0146u darb\u012bbas principiem.<\/p>\n
P\u0113t\u012bjuma rezult\u0101ti public\u0113ti presti\u017eaj\u0101 \u017eurn\u0101l\u0101 Nature Communications.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"M\u0101ksl\u012bgais Neirona L\u0113ciens: Zin\u0101tnieki Rad\u012bju\u0161i Sil\u012bcija Kaut Dz\u012bva Izskata \u010cipu Aizraujo\u0161a inov\u0101cija n\u0101k no Masa\u010d\u016bsetsas Universit\u0101tes (UMass) Amherst\u0101,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11538,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[4240,77,76,590,35,39,38,36,37,34,40,4238,4239,4041],"class_list":{"0":"post-11537","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-bizness","8":"tag-biologiskie-signali","9":"tag-bizness","10":"tag-business","11":"tag-energoefektivitate","12":"tag-latvia","13":"tag-latvian","14":"tag-latviesu","15":"tag-latviesu-valoda","16":"tag-latviesuvaloda","17":"tag-latvija","18":"tag-lv","19":"tag-maksligais-neirons","20":"tag-memristors","21":"tag-mi"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11537","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11537"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11537\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11538"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11537"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11537"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11537"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}