Dzenoties p\u0113c reitingiem un c\u012bnoties par viet\u0101m parlament\u0101, Baltijas valstu vald\u012bb\u0101s tiek pie\u0146emti likumi, kas iedz\u012bvot\u0101jiem sniedz \u012bstermi\u0146a ieguvumus, bet ilgtermi\u0146\u0101 var rad\u012bt nopietnus izaicin\u0101jumus.<\/p>\n
Spilgts piem\u0113rs ir pensiju 2. l\u012bmenis. \u0160is noz\u012bm\u012bgais akt\u012bvs, kas tie\u0161i ietekm\u0113 senioru labkl\u0101j\u012bbu vecumdien\u0101s, varas gaite\u0146os tiek uztverts nepiedodami vieglpr\u0101t\u012bgi. Ar ko var r\u0113\u0137in\u0101ties Latvijas, Lietuvas un Igaunijas n\u0101kotnes pension\u0101ri, un ko varam dar\u012bt pa\u0161i, lai ar\u012b sirm\u0101 vecum\u0101 dz\u012bvotu cilv\u0113ka cien\u012bgu dz\u012bvi?<\/p>\n
Igaunij\u0101 dz\u012bres beigu\u0161\u0101s<\/p>\n
L\u012bdz 2021. gadam pensiju 2. l\u012bmenis vis\u0101s Baltijas valst\u012bs bija oblig\u0101ts. Pirm\u0101, at\u013caujot iedz\u012bvot\u0101jiem iz\u0146emt uzkr\u0101to naudu, izmai\u0146as likumdo\u0161an\u0101 ieviesa Igaunija. Reforma paredz\u0113ja tr\u012bs iesp\u0113jas: palikt pensiju 2. l\u012bmen\u012b, iz\u0146emt taj\u0101 uzkr\u0101to naudu vai atv\u0113rt savu pensiju invest\u012bciju kontu, p\u0101rskait\u012bt tur l\u012bdzek\u013cus un invest\u012bciju l\u0113mumus pie\u0146emt pa\u0161iem. Tre\u0161aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 ien\u0101-kuma nodoklis nebija j\u0101maks\u0101, bet otraj\u0101 \u2013 iz\u0146emot naudu priek\u0161laikus, iedz\u012bvot\u0101ja ien\u0101kuma nodoklis bija 20 %.<\/p>\n
Latvij\u0101 un Lietuv\u0101 ar aiztur\u0113tu elpu sekoj\u0101m l\u012bdzi Igaunijas eksperimentam un, likumsakar\u012bgi, ab\u0101s valst\u012bs uzvirmoja diskusijas par l\u012bdz\u012bg\u0101m izmai\u0146\u0101m pensiju 2. l\u012bme\u0146a likumdo\u0161an\u0101. Varam tikai izt\u0113loties, k\u0101du scen\u0101riju paredz\u0113ja Igaunijas vald\u012bba, ta\u010du tikl\u012bdz jaunie noteikumi st\u0101j\u0101s sp\u0113k\u0101, uzkr\u0101tos naudas l\u012bdzek\u013cus pirms pensijas sasnieg\u0161anas iz\u0146\u0113ma vair\u0101k nek\u0101 250 t\u016bksto\u0161i cilv\u0113ku jeb nepilni 30 % iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju. Igaunijas Finan\u0161u ministrijas dati liecina, ka tre\u0161\u0101 opcija \u2013 p\u0101rskait\u012bt l\u012bdzek\u013cus uz savu pensiju invest\u012bciju kontu un to patst\u0101v\u012bgi p\u0101rvald\u012bt, nav guvusi lielu atsauc\u012bbu.<\/p>\n
No 5,7 miljardus eiro liel\u0101 pensiju 2. l\u012bme\u0146a uzkr\u0101juma tika iz\u0146emti 1,34 miljardi eiro. No \u0161\u012bs summas tika ietur\u0113ts 20 % iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju ien\u0101kuma nodoklis un praktiski to cilv\u0113ku kontos, kuri nol\u0113ma izst\u0101ties no pensiju 2. l\u012bme\u0146a, kopum\u0101 iepl\u016bda 1 miljards eiro. Uz person\u012bgajiem pensiju invest\u012bciju kontiem tika p\u0101rskait\u012bti vien 47 miljoni eiro.<\/p>\n
Igaunijas Bankas dati liecina, ka iz\u0146emt uzkr\u0101jumu izmantoja iedz\u012bvot\u0101ji bez uzkr\u0101jumiem, ar lieliem kred\u012btiem vai gr\u016bt\u012bb\u0101m sa\u0146emt no bankas v\u0113lamo aizdevumu. Aptuveni ceturt\u0101 da\u013ca iz\u0146emto naudu izmantoja pat\u0113ri\u0146am \u2013 liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca ieg\u0101d\u0101j\u0101s automa\u0161\u012bnas un sadz\u012bves tehniku. Lai gan pirmaj\u0101 mirkl\u012b \u0161\u0137iet, ka t\u0101 ir iesp\u0113ja apmierin\u0101t aktu\u0101l\u0101s finansi\u0101l\u0101s vajadz\u012bbas vai realiz\u0113t nepiepild\u012btus sap\u0146us, paties\u012bba ir cit\u0101da. Tas ir t\u0101pat k\u0101 aiz\u0146emties naudu, lai nopirktu sv\u0113tku d\u0101vanas un p\u0113c tam gadiem dz\u012bvot par\u0101dos. Dz\u012bres un palielin\u0101tais pat\u0113ri\u0146\u0161 Igaunij\u0101 rezult\u0113j\u0101s paaugstin\u0101t\u0101 infl\u0101cij\u0101, kas ietekm\u0113ja visus iedz\u012bvot\u0101jus, turkl\u0101t paties\u0101 ietekme diem\u017e\u0113l v\u0113l nopietni atsp\u0113l\u0113sies \u0161o cilv\u0113ku vecumdien\u0101s.<\/p>\n
Pa\u0161laik Igaunij\u0101 str\u0101d\u0101jo\u0161ajiem ir iesp\u0113ja br\u012bvpr\u0101t\u012bgi pievienoties otrajam pensiju l\u012bmenim, novirzot tam da\u013cu no algas, vai ar\u012b sa\u0146emt \u0161o summu un izmantot p\u0113c saviem ieskatiem.<\/p>\n
Lietuva n\u0101kotnes izaicin\u0101jumu krustcel\u0113s<\/p>\n
Igaunijas pieredze \u0161\u0137ita labs piem\u0113rs, no kura m\u0101c\u012bties, ta\u010du valstis, t\u0101pat k\u0101 cilv\u0113ki, citu k\u013c\u016bdas nereti atk\u0101rto, nevis g\u016bst m\u0101c\u012bbu. Par sp\u012bti Eiropas Komisijas kritikai, ar\u012b Lietuvas Seims \u0161ovasar pie\u0146\u0113ma l\u0113mumu reform\u0113t pensiju 2. l\u012bme\u0146a uzkr\u0101jumu sist\u0113mu.<\/p>\n
Jaunie noteikumi paredz, ka cilv\u0113ki vairs netiks autom\u0101tiski iek\u013cauti pensiju uzkr\u0101\u0161anas sist\u0113m\u0101, vi\u0146i var\u0113s no t\u0101s piln\u012bb\u0101 izst\u0101ties, vienreiz iz\u0146emt 25 % no uzkr\u0101tajiem l\u012bdzek\u013ciem vai visu summu smagas slim\u012bbas gad\u012bjum\u0101. Tiem, kuri turpin\u0101s uzkr\u0101t pensiju, tiks saglab\u0101ta valsts iemaksa 1,5 % apm\u0113r\u0101.<\/p>\n
Sal\u012bdzinot ar Igauniju, nodok\u013ci par uzkr\u0101jumu iz\u0146em\u0161anu paredz\u0113ti krietni zem\u0101ki \u2013 3 %, ja persona v\u0113l\u0113sies iz\u0146emt 25 % no savas uzkr\u0101t\u0101s pensijas pirms pension\u0113\u0161an\u0101s. Savuk\u0101rt iedz\u012bvot\u0101ji, kuri b\u016bs uzkr\u0101ju\u0161i 5400 \u2013 10 800 eiro, var\u0113s iz\u0146emt visu naudu uzreiz, bet tikai no-teiktaj\u0101 period\u0101 (2026. \u2013 2027. gads). \u0160ie l\u012bdzek\u013ci, t\u0101pat k\u0101 iz\u0146emot uzkr\u0101jumu p\u0113c pension\u0113-\u0161an\u0101s, b\u016bs atbr\u012bvoti no nodok\u013ciem.<\/p>\n
Lietuvas 2. l\u012bme\u0146a pensiju fondu akt\u012bvu apjoms \u0161obr\u012bd sasniedz 9,1 miljardu eiro jeb 11,6 % no valsts iek\u0161zemes kopprodukta. Tiek l\u0113sts, ka no pensiju uzkr\u0101\u0161anas sist\u0113mas var\u0113tu izst\u0101-ties aptuveni 20 % cilv\u0113ku. \u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101 Igaunijas piem\u0113ru, pie\u013cauju, ka \u0161\u012bs apl\u0113ses ir p\u0101r\u0101k optimistiskas. Visticam\u0101k, tiks iz\u0146emta puse no kop\u0113jiem uzkr\u0101jumiem. Apm\u0113ram piekt\u0101 da\u013ca \u0161o l\u012bdzek\u013cu tiks ieguld\u012bti nekustamaj\u0101 \u012bpa\u0161um\u0101, bet liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca vienk\u0101r\u0161i izt\u0113r\u0113ta \u012bstermi\u0146a ieguvumam.<\/p>\n
K\u0101das sekas tas atst\u0101s uz Lietuvas ekonomiku, kas p\u0113d\u0113jos gados uzr\u0101d\u012bjusi izaugsmi? Visticam\u0101k, sagaid\u0101ms strauj\u0101ks IKP pieaugums, augst\u0101ka infl\u0101cija un m\u0101jok\u013cu cenu k\u0101pums. Ei-ropas Komisija ir br\u012bdin\u0101jusi, ka pie\u0146emtais l\u0113mums var rad\u012bt Lietuvas kapit\u0101la tirgus att\u012bst\u012bbas bremz\u0113\u0161anos un ierobe\u017eot mazo un vid\u0113jo uz\u0146\u0113mumu piek\u013cuvi finan\u0161u resursiem. Savuk\u0101rt Starptautiskais Val\u016btas fonds ir pazi\u0146ojis, ka reforma n\u0101kotn\u0113 var\u0113tu samazin\u0101t pensijas un rad\u012bt spiedienu uz valsts finans\u0113m, jo sabiedr\u012bba noveco. Ne tikai Lietuv\u0101, ar\u012b p\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s Baltijas valst\u012bs un Eirop\u0101. N\u0101kotnes pension\u0101ri sa\u0146ems maz\u0101kas pensijas, savuk\u0101rt str\u0101d\u0101jo\u0161ajiem b\u016bs liel\u0101ks nodok\u013cu slogs. Sekas izjut\u012bs visi.<\/p>\n
Ir piln\u012bb\u0101 saprotams, ka cilv\u0113kiem ir gr\u016bti izt\u0113loties n\u0101kotni pensij\u0101 \u2013 tas liekas t\u0101lu un abstrak-ti. Ikdienas r\u016bpes \u0161\u0137iet svar\u012bg\u0101kas. Turkl\u0101t daudzi dz\u012bvo ar p\u0101rliec\u012bbu, ka pensijas jau neb\u016bs tik un t\u0101. Un, ja t\u0101 padom\u0101 \u2013 j\u0101, neb\u016bs, ja r\u012bkosimies bezatbild\u012bgi un dom\u0101sim \u012bstermi\u0146\u0101. Apr\u0113\u0137ini liecina, ka daudzi cilv\u0113ki Igaunij\u0101, kuri izv\u0113l\u0113j\u0101s priek\u0161laikus iz\u0146emt pensiju uzkr\u0101jumus, ilgtermi\u0146\u0101 zaud\u0113ja vair\u0101k nek\u0101 ieguva, jo pensiju fondu vid\u0113j\u0101 pe\u013c\u0146a 20\u201340 gadu period\u0101 sa-sniedz 5\u20138 % gad\u0101, kas p\u0101rsniedz infl\u0101cijas vid\u0113jo l\u012bmeni. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di uzkr\u0101t\u0101s naudas v\u0113rt\u012bba laika gait\u0101 pieaug \u0101tr\u0101k nek\u0101 cenu k\u0101pums.<\/p>\n
Latvij\u0101 ar\u012b iedz\u012bvot\u0101jiem j\u0101uz\u0146emas atbild\u012bba<\/p>\n
Ar\u012b Latvij\u0101 daudz diskut\u0113ts par pensiju 2. l\u012bme\u0146a uzkr\u0101juma \u0101tr\u0101ku iz\u0146em\u0161anu. Savulaik pat vietn\u0113 manabalss.lv tika v\u0101kti paraksti, lai Saeimai iesniegtu iniciat\u012bvu sekot Igaunijas piem\u0113-ram. Par laimi, \u0161\u012bs diskusijas ir norimu\u0161as un j\u0101cer, ka priek\u0161v\u0113l\u0113\u0161anu gaisotn\u0113, dzenoties p\u0113c popularit\u0101tes, pensiju jaut\u0101jums \u0161aj\u0101 griezum\u0101 atkal nenon\u0101ks varas gaite\u0146os.<\/p>\n
Jau p\u0113rn, kad tika pie\u0146emts l\u0113mums par viena procentpunkta p\u0101rnesi no pensiju 2. l\u012bme\u0146a uz valsts nefond\u0113to pensiju sh\u0113mu jeb pensiju 1. l\u012bmeni, tika lauzti \u0161\u0137\u0113pi. Daudzi uzskat\u012bja, ka tas ir nepareizi un ska\u013ci iest\u0101j\u0101s par pensiju uzkr\u0101jumu neaizskaram\u012bbu. Valsts v\u012bri sol\u012bja \u201cpa\u0146emto\u201d procentpunktu p\u0113c \u010detriem gadiem \u201cnolikt atpaka\u013c\u201d pensiju 2. l\u012bmen\u012b. Attiec\u012bgi kop\u0161 \u0161\u012b gada s\u0101kuma Latvij\u0101 pensiju 2. l\u012bmen\u012b tiek novirz\u012bti 5 % no bruto algas (nevis 6 % k\u0101 l\u012bdz \u0161im), savuk\u0101rt 15 % tiek novirz\u012bti pensiju 1. l\u012bmenim.<\/p>\n
J\u0101atz\u012bst, ka Latvij\u0101 valsts l\u012bmen\u012b pa\u0161reiz tiek visvair\u0101k dom\u0101ts par pensiju sist\u0113mas ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bbu. Piem\u0113ram, \u0161ovasar st\u0101j\u0101s sp\u0113k\u0101 izmai\u0146as pensiju 2. l\u012bme\u0146a likumdo\u0161an\u0101, kuru m\u0113r\u0137is ir palielin\u0101t uzkr\u0101jumu ienes\u012bgumu, samazinot iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju izmaksas. Latvijas bankas apl\u0113ses liecina, ka, pateicoties \u0161\u012bm izmai\u0146\u0101m, Latvijas iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju uzkr\u0101jums desmit gadu laik\u0101 palielin\u0101sies vismaz par 60 miljoniem eiro.<\/p>\n
Liel\u0101k\u0101 probl\u0113ma, l\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 p\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s Baltijas valst\u012bs, ir iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju nev\u0113l\u0113\u0161an\u0101s interes\u0113ties par savu pensiju 2. l\u012bme\u0146a uzkr\u0101jumu un dom\u0101t par pensiju k\u0101 t\u0101du. Bankas Citadele meitas uz\u0146\u0113muma CBL Asset Management august\u0101 veikt\u0101 aptauja liecina, ka tikai katrs ceturtais Latvijas iedz\u012bvot\u0101js ir apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101jis, cik daudz naudas vi\u0146am var\u0113tu b\u016bt nepiecie\u0161ams pensij\u0101. Turkl\u0101t finan\u0161u eksperti nov\u0113roju\u0161i, ka aptuveni pusei Latvijas iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju ir tikai virspus\u0113ja izpratne par pensiju 2. l\u012bmeni, par savu pensijas uzkr\u0101jumu kopum\u0101 un to, kur visp\u0101r non\u0101k vi\u0146u l\u012bdzek\u013ci.<\/p>\n
Diem\u017e\u0113l Igaunijas pieredze ir nopietns sign\u0101ls par iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju finan\u0161u prat\u012bbu. Lietuvas iedz\u012bvot\u0101jiem \u0161\u012bs izv\u0113les v\u0113l ir priek\u0161\u0101, savuk\u0101rt Latvij\u0101 j\u0101cer, ka l\u012bdz t\u0101m nekad nenon\u0101ksim un cilv\u0113ki k\u013c\u016bs akt\u012bv\u0101ki, interes\u0113joties par savu uzkr\u0101jumu pensijas 2. l\u012bmen\u012b.<\/p>\n
Idejas par br\u012bvpr\u0101t\u012bgu dal\u012bbu pensiju 2. l\u012bmen\u012b politikas veidot\u0101jiem ir viegli pasniegt sabiedr\u012bbai k\u0101 izdev\u012bgu risin\u0101jumu, kas dod j\u016btamu labumu \u0161odien. Paties\u012bb\u0101 tas ir \u013coti riskants solis, kas rad\u012bs izaicin\u0101jumus n\u0101kamaj\u0101m paaudz\u0113m, n\u0101kotnes pension\u0101riem un valstij. J\u0101apzin\u0101s, ka finansi\u0101l\u0101 dro\u0161\u012bba b\u016bs atkar\u012bga ne tikai no vald\u012bbas l\u0113mumiem, bet ar\u012b no t\u0101, k\u0101 r\u012bkosies katrs iedz\u012bvot\u0101js.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Dzenoties p\u0113c reitingiem un c\u012bnoties par viet\u0101m parlament\u0101, Baltijas valstu vald\u012bb\u0101s tiek pie\u0146emti likumi, kas iedz\u012bvot\u0101jiem sniedz \u012bstermi\u0146a…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":15385,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[23,869,77,870,28,29,867,32,33,22,30,31,35,39,38,36,37,34,871,868,40,20,26,27,24,25,21],"class_list":{"0":"post-15384","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-latvija","8":"tag-aktualitates","9":"tag-biznesa-zinas","10":"tag-bizness","11":"tag-bizness-latvija","12":"tag-breaking-news","13":"tag-breakingnews","14":"tag-dienas-zinas","15":"tag-featured-news","16":"tag-featurednews","17":"tag-headlines","18":"tag-latest-news","19":"tag-latestnews","20":"tag-latvia","21":"tag-latvian","22":"tag-latviesu","23":"tag-latviesu-valoda","24":"tag-latviesuvaloda","25":"tag-latvija","26":"tag-latvijas-biznesa-zinas","27":"tag-latvijas-zinas","28":"tag-lv","29":"tag-news","30":"tag-popularakas-zinas","31":"tag-popularakaszinas","32":"tag-top-stories","33":"tag-topstories","34":"tag-zinas"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15384","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15384"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15384\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15385"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15384"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15384"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15384"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}