Kam\u0113r Ir\u0101na ir pazi\u0146ojusi, ka \u013caus da\u017eiem ku\u0123iem \u0161\u0137\u0113rsot Hormuza \u0161aurumu, ja tie samaks\u0101s 2 miljonus ASV dol\u0101ru kriptoval\u016bt\u0101, izskan inform\u0101cija, ka Teher\u0101na apsver iesp\u0113ju piepras\u012bt samaksu ar\u012b \u0136\u012bnas jua\u0146\u0101s. Tas iedrag\u0101tu ASV izveidoto t\u0101 saukt\u0101 petrodol\u0101ra sist\u0113mu, uz kuras balst\u0101s glob\u0101lais ener\u0123\u0113tikas tirgus. LSM skaidro, kas ir petrodol\u0101ra sist\u0113ma, kas to apdraud un k\u0101p\u0113c kar\u0161 Tuvajos Austrumos var\u0113tu veicin\u0101t \u0136\u012bnas val\u016btas nostiprin\u0101\u0161anos.\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0136\u012bna g\u016bst labumus no Hormuza \u0161auruma blok\u0101des<\/a><\/p>\n Ku\u0123u satiksme Hormuza \u0161aurum\u0101 faktiski ir blo\u0137\u0113ta kop\u0161 28. febru\u0101ra. Ir\u0101na apgalvo, ka Hormuza \u0161aurums ir sl\u0113gts tikai “t\u0101s ienaidniekiem”, bet citi ku\u0123i to var \u0161\u0137\u0113rsot, ieg\u016bstot Ir\u0101nas Revolucion\u0101r\u0101s gvardes korpusa at\u013cauju.\u00a0<\/p>\n Iepriek\u0161 Teher\u0101na ir pazi\u0146ojusi, ka \u013caus noteiktiem ku\u0123iem \u0161\u0137\u0113rsot Hormuza \u0161aurumu, ja tie samaks\u0101s divus\u00a0miljonus dol\u0101ru kriptoval\u016bt\u0101. Teher\u0101na \u0161\u0101du l\u0113mumu pamatoja ar nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu pasarg\u0101t dar\u012bjumus no izseko\u0161anas un iesp\u0113jam\u0101m sankcij\u0101m. Ja samaksa par Hormuza \u0161aurumu tiks ieviesta, Teher\u0101na var\u0113tu ieg\u016bt no 40 l\u012bdz 50 miljardiem ASV dol\u0101ru gad\u0101.\u00a0<\/p>\n Arvien bie\u017e\u0101k izskan inform\u0101cija, ka Ir\u0101na var\u0113tu samaksu par Hormuza \u0161auruma \u0161\u0137\u0113rso\u0161anu piepras\u012bt ar\u012b \u0136\u012bnas jua\u0146\u0101s. Tas var\u0113tu ietekm\u0113t glob\u0101l\u0101s ener\u0123\u0113tikas finans\u0113\u0161anas strukt\u016bru, iedrag\u0101jot ASV dol\u0101ra\u00a0poz\u012bciju glob\u0101laj\u0101 ener\u0123\u0113tikas tirg\u016b<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n Lai gan \u0161obr\u012bd glob\u0101lajos tirgos turpina domin\u0113t ASV dol\u0101rs, \u0136\u012bna ir ieinteres\u0113ta to v\u0101jin\u0101t.\u00a0<\/p>\n Jua\u0146as nostiprin\u0101\u0161ana ener\u0123\u0113tikas tirg\u016b \u013cautu \u0136\u012bnai sasniegt divus valsts ilgtermi\u0146a m\u0113r\u0137us \u2013 val\u016btas internacionaliz\u0101ciju un ener\u0123\u0113tisk\u0101s dro\u0161\u012bbas stiprin\u0101\u0161anu, mazinot atkar\u012bbu no ASV dol\u0101ra.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n \u0136\u012bna import\u0113 lielu apjomu naftas no Tuvajiem Austrumiem, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c t\u0101 ir ieinteres\u0113ta jua\u0146as nostiprin\u0101\u0161an\u0101, kas \u013cautu mazin\u0101t ASV ietekmi un sp\u0113ju veikt spiedienu gan pret Pekinu, gan pret t\u0101s partneriem.\u00a0<\/p>\n Ir\u0101na ieinteres\u0113ta piepras\u012bt samaksu jua\u0146\u0101s vair\u0101ku iemeslu d\u0113\u013c <\/a><\/p>\n Samaksa par Hormuza \u0161auruma \u0161\u0137\u0113rso\u0161anu jua\u0146\u0101s galvenok\u0101rt \u013cautu Ir\u0101nai apiet sankcijas. Rietumvalstu noteiktaj\u0101m sankcij\u0101m ir ietekme, jo ASV dol\u0101ram ir noteico\u0161\u0101 loma glob\u0101laj\u0101 finan\u0161u sist\u0113m\u0101. T\u0101 k\u0101 j\u0113lnaftas cenas tiek noteiktas un liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca starptautisko ener\u0123\u0113tisko dar\u012bjumu tiek apmaks\u0101ti ASV dol\u0101ros, tie\u0161i Va\u0161ingtonai ir ietekme glob\u0101lajos tirgos.<\/p>\n Lai gan naftas tirdzniec\u012bba jua\u0146\u0101s neatceltu Rietumu noteikt\u0101s sankcijas pret Ir\u0101nu, tas var\u0113tu mazin\u0101t to ietekmi, jo ener\u0123\u0113tikas tirdzniec\u012bba notiktu val\u016bt\u0101, kuru neuzrauga un nekontrol\u0113 ASV.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n T\u0101pat p\u0101reja no dol\u0101riem uz jua\u0146\u0101m ener\u0123\u0113tikas tirdzniec\u012bb\u0101 stiprin\u0101tu Ir\u0101nas un \u0136\u012bnas attiec\u012bbas. \u0136\u012bna ir k\u013cuvusi par liel\u0101ko Ir\u0101nas naftas pirc\u0113ju, pal\u012bdzot Teher\u0101nai uztur\u0113t t\u0101s ekonomiku laik\u0101, kad sp\u0113k\u0101 ir rietumvalstu noteikt\u0101s sankcijas. Ja ener\u0123\u0113tikas tirdzniec\u012bba notiks jua\u0146\u0101s, tas veicin\u0101tu Pekinas lomas nostiprin\u0101\u0161anos ener\u0123\u0113tikas tirgos, radot konkurenci ASV.<\/p>\n \u0136\u012bnas val\u016btas nostiprin\u0101\u0161ana rad\u012btu izaicin\u0101jumus ASV izveidotajai petrodol\u0101ra sist\u0113mai. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di Hormuza \u0161auruma \u0161\u0137\u0113rso\u0161anas apmaksa jua\u0146\u0101s ir ne tikai tehnisks jaut\u0101jums, bet ar\u012b sign\u0101ls par varas l\u012bdzsvara izmai\u0146\u0101m, \u0136\u012bnai palielinot savu ietekmi ne tikai \u0100zij\u0101, bet ar\u012b citos re\u0123ionos.\u00a0<\/p>\n Kas ir petrodol\u0101ra sist\u0113ma?\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n Petrodol\u0101ra sist\u0113ma tika izveidota 1970. gados p\u0113c Bretonvudas sist\u0113mas sabrukuma.<\/p>\n 1944. gad\u0101 tika izveidota Bretonvudas sist\u0113ma, proti, starptautisk\u0101 val\u016btas sist\u0113ma, kur\u0101 valstis savas val\u016btas piesaist\u012bja ASV dol\u0101ram. Savuk\u0101rt ASV dol\u0101rs k\u013cuva par val\u016btu, kas bija konvert\u0113jama zelt\u0101, \u2013 35 dol\u0101ri par unci. \u0160\u012b sist\u0113ma \u013c\u0101va nodro\u0161in\u0101t glob\u0101lo finan\u0161u stabilit\u0101ti p\u0113c Otr\u0101 pasaules kara un nostiprin\u0101t ASV dol\u0101ru k\u0101 finan\u0161u rezerves val\u016btu.\u00a0<\/p>\n Strauji att\u012bstoties Eiropas ekonomikai, 1960.\u20131970. gados pieauga piepras\u012bjums p\u0113c ASV dol\u0101ra. Tom\u0113r ASV ekonomisko probl\u0113mu d\u0113\u013c, prec\u012bz\u0101k, infl\u0101cijas un bud\u017eeta defic\u012bta d\u0113\u013c, nesp\u0113ja izdot dol\u0101rus nepiecie\u0161am\u0101 apjom\u0101. Uztic\u012bba un l\u012bdz ar to ar\u012b dol\u0101ra kurss s\u0101ka strauji krist. 1971.\u00a0gad\u0101 ASV eksprezidents Ri\u010dards Niksons atc\u0113la fiks\u0113to dol\u0101ra konvert\u0113\u0161anu zelt\u0101, izraisot Bretonvudas sist\u0113mas sabrukumu.\u00a0<\/p>\n P\u0113c Bretonvudas sist\u0113mas sabrukuma ASV vienoj\u0101s ar Persijas l\u012b\u010da valstu sadarb\u012bbas padomes (GCC) dal\u012bbvalst\u012bm, ka naftas cenas tiks noteiktas dol\u0101ros. Saska\u0146\u0101 ar vieno\u0161anos GCC valstis ap\u0146\u0113m\u0101s ieguld\u012bt ie\u0146\u0113mumus ASV Valsts kases v\u0113rtspap\u012bros, bet ASV nodro\u0161in\u0101tu valst\u012bm milit\u0101ro aizsardz\u012bbu un modernu iero\u010du p\u0101rdo\u0161anu.\u00a0<\/p>\n Vair\u0101k nek\u0101 50 gadus petrodol\u0101ra sist\u0113ma garant\u0113ja glob\u0101lu piepras\u012bjumu p\u0113c ASV dol\u0101riem, palielinot Va\u0161ingtonas ekonomisko un politisko ietekmi.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n \u0160\u012b sist\u0113ma rad\u012bja papildu varas sviras Va\u0161ingtonai<\/a>, jo cit\u0101m valst\u012bm bija nepiecie\u0161ams uzkr\u0101t ASV dol\u0101rus, nevis zeltu, lai veiktu ener\u0123\u0113tikas dar\u012bjumus.\u00a0<\/p>\n Petrodol\u0101ra sist\u0113ma nesabruks, tom\u0113r plaisas k\u013c\u016bst arvien redzam\u0101kas\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n ASV prezidenta Donalda Trampa \u0101rpolitika ir mazin\u0101jusi daudzu valstu politisko uztic\u012bbu Va\u0161ingtonai, tom\u0113r ASV dol\u0101rs, p\u0113c Starptautisk\u0101 Val\u016btas fonda (SVF) datiem, joproj\u0101m veido liel\u0101ko da\u013cu no pasaules val\u016btas rezerv\u0113m. ASV dol\u0101ra \u012bpatsvars laika gait\u0101 ir samazin\u0101jies no 71\u00a0% 2008. gad\u0101 l\u012bdz 56,3\u00a0% 2025. gad\u0101, tom\u0113r ir maz ticams, ka tuv\u0101kaj\u0101 laik\u0101 to var\u0113tu aizst\u0101t k\u0101da cita val\u016bta, piem\u0113ram, jua\u0146a.\u00a0<\/p>\n Neraugoties uz Trampa administr\u0101cijas nestabilo \u0101rpolitiku, daudzas valstis neb\u016btu gatavas tuv\u0101kaj\u0101 laik\u0101 p\u0101riet no dar\u012bjumiem dol\u0101ros uz jua\u0146\u0101m. Tom\u0113r glob\u0101lajos finan\u0161u tirgos ir v\u0113rojamas izmai\u0146as. Piem\u0113ram, Krievija fosilos kurin\u0101mos arvien bie\u017e\u0101k p\u0101rdod \u0136\u012bnai tie\u0161i jua\u0146\u0101s, bet BRICS sprie\u017e par alternat\u012bvo samaksas iesp\u0113ju izveido\u0161anu, kas \u013cautu atteikties no ASV dol\u0101riem.\u00a0<\/p>\n N\u0101kotn\u0113 ar\u012b p\u0101reja uz atjaun\u012bgiem energoresursiem var\u0113tu rad\u012bt apdraud\u0113jumu petrodol\u0101ra sist\u0113mai. T\u0101 k\u0101 arvien vair\u0101k valstu s\u0101k izmantot za\u013co ener\u0123iju,\u00a0ilgtermi\u0146\u0101 \u0161o valstu atkar\u012bba no fosilajiem kurin\u0101majiem mazin\u0101sies, samazinot ar\u012b piepras\u012bjumu p\u0113c ASV dol\u0101riem j\u0113lnaftas produktu ieg\u0101dei.\u00a0<\/p>\n Lai gan petrodol\u0101ra sist\u0113m\u0101 ir redzamas plaisas, \u0161obr\u012bd nav alternat\u012bvas val\u016btas<\/a>, kuras izmanto\u0161anai piekristu pietiekami liels valstu skaits, lai aizst\u0101tu ASV dol\u0101ru.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Neraugoties uz ASV piedero\u0161aj\u0101m varas svir\u0101m, to rad\u012bt\u0101 glob\u0101l\u0101 finan\u0161u sist\u0113ma ir uzticama. \u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101 \u0136\u012bnas sl\u0113gto iek\u0161\u0113jo tirgu un\u00a0vald\u012bbas cie\u0161o kontroli p\u0101r finan\u0161u instit\u016bcij\u0101m, daudzas valstis nesteidzas ener\u0123\u0113tikas dar\u012bjumus apmaks\u0101t petrojua\u0146\u0101s, baidoties atkar\u012bbu no vienas valsts val\u016btas nomain\u012bt uz atkar\u012bbu no citas, nedemokr\u0101tisk\u0101s valsts val\u016btas.\u00a0<\/p>\n Petrodol\u0101ra sist\u0113mai jauna konkurente \u2013 petrojua\u0146a<\/a><\/p>\n\n
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