AMD 50 gadu jubileja: sp\u0113les maino\u0161ais klons un ce\u013c\u0161 uz dominanci<\/p>\n
\u0160ogad tiek atz\u012bm\u0113ta AMD (Advanced Micro Devices) 50 gadu jubileja, un t\u0101s pirms\u0101kumi ir apbr\u012bnojami un par\u0101da, cik \u013coti tehnolo\u0123iju pasaule ir main\u012bjusies. Komp\u0101nijas pirmais iev\u0113rojamais produkts, AMD Am9080, bija atspogu\u013cojums t\u0101 laika progres\u012bv\u0101s, ta\u010du ar\u012b visai nepilnv\u0113rt\u012bg\u0101s tehnolo\u0123iju vides. Tas bija veiksm\u012bgs Intel 8080 procesora klons, kas, lai ar\u012b \u0161odien \u0161\u0101ds ce\u013c\u0161 \u0161\u0137istu neiedom\u0101jams, tolaik bija noz\u012bm\u012bgs solis uz\u0146\u0113muma att\u012bst\u012bb\u0101 un procesoru industrijas nostiprin\u0101\u0161an\u0101.<\/p>\n
Am9080 rad\u012b\u0161ana nebija vienk\u0101r\u0161s kop\u0113\u0161anas process. T\u0101 pirms\u0101kumi mekl\u0113jami 1973. gad\u0101, kad tr\u012bs Xerox darbinieki, A\u0161ona Geilija, Kima Geilija un D\u017eejs Kumars, savas p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101s darba dienas Xerox ietvaros izmantoja, lai detaliz\u0113ti nofotograf\u0113tu v\u0113l neizlaistu Intel 8080 prototipu. Aptuveni 400 r\u016bp\u012bgi uz\u0146emto att\u0113lu k\u013cuva par pamatu sh\u0113mu un lo\u0123isko diagrammu izstr\u0101dei, kuras v\u0113l\u0101k tika pied\u0101v\u0101tas potenci\u0101lajiem partneriem. \u0160is v\u0113sturiskais br\u012bdis un t\u0101 aug\u013ci dr\u012bz vien non\u0101ca AMD r\u012bc\u012bb\u0101, radot pamatu Am9080.<\/p>\n
Tom\u0113r vissvar\u012bg\u0101kais \u0161aj\u0101 st\u0101st\u0101 ir tas, ka, lai ar\u012b s\u0101kum\u0101 AMD darboj\u0101s \u0161\u0137ietami str\u012bd\u012bg\u0101 lauci\u0146\u0101, patentu p\u0101rk\u0101pumu un nelikum\u012bgas kop\u0113\u0161anas jaut\u0101jumi tika atrisin\u0101ti ar v\u0113sturisku vieno\u0161anos starp AMD un Intel. 1976. gad\u0101 nosl\u0113gtais licen\u010du l\u012bgums ne tikai legaliz\u0113ja AMD darb\u012bbu, bet ar\u012b nodro\u0161in\u0101ja stabilu pamatu turpm\u0101kai sadarb\u012bbai un savstarp\u0113jai tehnolo\u0123iju att\u012bst\u012bbai. \u0160\u012b vieno\u0161an\u0101s, kas v\u0113l\u0101k tika papla\u0161in\u0101ta 1982. gad\u0101, \u013c\u0101va AMD rad\u012bt un licenc\u0113t savus x86 procesorus, ieskaitot pirmo pa\u0161u izstr\u0101d\u0101to Am286, kas balst\u012bj\u0101s uz Intel 80286 arhitekt\u016bru. Tas bija pagrieziena punkts, kas pav\u0113ra durvis AMD ce\u013cam uz k\u013c\u016b\u0161anu par vienu no pasaules vado\u0161ajiem procesoru ra\u017eot\u0101jiem.<\/p>\n
Neiedom\u0101jama pe\u013c\u0146a un tehnolo\u0123iskais p\u0101rsvars<\/p>\n
AMD Am9080 non\u0101ca tirg\u016b 1975. gad\u0101, kad Intel jau bija s\u0101cis pied\u0101v\u0101t savu 8080. Tom\u0113r AMD sp\u0113ja ra\u017eot \u0161os procesorus ar neticami zem\u0101m izmaks\u0101m \u2013 aptuveni 50 centi par vienu vien\u012bbu. \u0160\u012b efektivit\u0101te \u013c\u0101va komp\u0101nijai pied\u0101v\u0101t \u0161os procesorus milit\u0101rajiem pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101jiem un cit\u0101m organiz\u0101cij\u0101m, kur\u0101m bija nepiecie\u0161ami lieli apjomi, par iev\u0113rojami augst\u0101ku cenu, kas da\u017eos gad\u012bjumos sasniedza pat 700 dol\u0101rus. \u0160\u012b strat\u0113\u0123ija ne tikai nodro\u0161in\u0101ja AMD iev\u0113rojamu pe\u013c\u0146u, bet ar\u012b pozicion\u0113ja to k\u0101 uzticamu pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju, \u012bpa\u0161i gad\u012bjumos, kad bija nepiecie\u0161ami vair\u0101ki rezerves pieg\u0101des avoti.<\/p>\n
Interesanti, ka AMD Am9080 bija ne tikai l\u0113t\u0101ks ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101, bet ar\u012b tehnolo\u0123iski p\u0101r\u0101ks par savu s\u0101kotn\u0113jo prototipu. Pateicoties AMD izmantotajai progres\u012bv\u0101kajai un kompakt\u0101kajai N-kan\u0101lu MOS tranzistoru ra\u017eo\u0161anas tehnolo\u0123ijai, Am9080 procesora krist\u0101ls bija iev\u0113rojami maz\u0101ks nek\u0101 Intel 8080. \u0160\u012b priek\u0161roc\u012bba \u013c\u0101va AMD sasniegt augst\u0101kas takts frekvences \u2013 kam\u0113r Intel 8080 reti p\u0101rsniedza 3,125 MHz, AMD pied\u0101v\u0101ja Am9080 versijas ar takts frekvenc\u0113m l\u012bdz pat 4,0 MHz. Kopum\u0101 tika izlaistas 28 da\u017e\u0101das Am9080 versijas, kas pied\u0101v\u0101ja da\u017e\u0101das darba temperat\u016bras diapazonus \u2013 no komerci\u0101laj\u0101m versij\u0101m ar 0\u00b0C l\u012bdz 70\u00b0C, l\u012bdz pat milit\u0101r\u0101 standarta MIL-STD-883 pras\u012bb\u0101m atbilsto\u0161\u0101m ier\u012bc\u0113m, kas sp\u0113ja darboties temperat\u016br\u0101 no -70\u00b0C l\u012bdz 125\u00b0C.<\/p>\n
\u0160odien \u0161\u0101ds atkl\u0101ts un gandr\u012bz identisks kop\u0113\u0161anas ce\u013c\u0161 b\u016btu praktiski neiesp\u0113jams. M\u016bsdienu tehnolo\u0123ijas ir iev\u0113rojami sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u0101kas, un intelektu\u0101lais \u012bpa\u0161ums ir daudz lab\u0101k aizsarg\u0101ts. Tom\u0113r Am9080 st\u0101sts ir spilgts piem\u0113rs tam, k\u0101 s\u0101kotn\u0113jas inov\u0101cijas, strat\u0113\u0123iska partner\u012bba un tehnolo\u0123iskais talants var rad\u012bt pamatus milzu pan\u0101kumiem. AMD 50 gadu jubileja ir ne tikai atskats uz pag\u0101tni, bet ar\u012b apliecin\u0101jums komp\u0101nijas sp\u0113jai piel\u0101goties un att\u012bst\u012bties, vienm\u0113r cen\u0161oties izaicin\u0101t tradicion\u0101los sp\u0113les noteikumus un pied\u0101v\u0101t arvien lab\u0101kus risin\u0101jumus.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"AMD 50 gadu jubileja: sp\u0113les maino\u0161ais klons un ce\u013c\u0161 uz dominanci \u0160ogad tiek atz\u012bm\u0113ta AMD (Advanced Micro Devices)…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":31900,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[9580,5089,89,196,90,35,39,38,36,37,34,40,9579,9581],"class_list":{"0":"post-31899","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-izklaide","8":"tag-am9080","9":"tag-amd","10":"tag-entertainment","11":"tag-intel","12":"tag-izklaide","13":"tag-latvia","14":"tag-latvian","15":"tag-latviesu","16":"tag-latviesu-valoda","17":"tag-latviesuvaloda","18":"tag-latvija","19":"tag-lv","20":"tag-procesors","21":"tag-tehnologiju-vesture"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@lv\/115442590885042472","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31899","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31899"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31899\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31900"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31899"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31899"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31899"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}