{"id":34194,"date":"2025-10-29T10:19:11","date_gmt":"2025-10-29T10:19:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/34194\/"},"modified":"2025-10-29T10:19:11","modified_gmt":"2025-10-29T10:19:11","slug":"kas-patiesiba-zinams-par-pirmo-gramatu-latviesu-valoda-stasta-petnieks-gustavs-strenga-raksts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/34194\/","title":{"rendered":"Kas paties\u012bb\u0101 zin\u0101ms par pirmo gr\u0101matu latvie\u0161u valod\u0101? St\u0101sta p\u0113tnieks Gustavs Strenga \/ Raksts"},"content":{"rendered":"

Oktobra vid\u016b V\u0101cij\u0101 norisin\u0101j\u0101s konference par gr\u0101mat\u0101m un Reform\u0101ciju Livonij\u0101 1525. gad\u0101 \u2013 tas ir laiks, kad \u0161\u0137ietami tapusi ar\u012b pirm\u0101 latvie\u0161u gr\u0101mata. K\u0101das ir svaig\u0101k\u0101s atzi\u0146as par Reform\u0101cijas laiku R\u012bg\u0101 un kas paties\u012bb\u0101 zin\u0101ms par pirmo gr\u0101matu latvie\u0161u valod\u0101? Ar atzi\u0146\u0101m\u00a0p\u0113c konferences “Cenz\u016bra un pelni. Aizliegt\u0101s gr\u0101matas un Reform\u0101cija Livonij\u0101 1525. gad\u0101” Latvijas Radio raid\u012bjum\u0101 “Kult\u016bras rondo” dal\u0101s Latvijas Kult\u016bras akad\u0113mijas Kult\u016bras un m\u0101kslu instit\u016bta vado\u0161ais p\u0113tnieks Gustavs Strenga.<\/p>\n

No 15. l\u012bdz 17. oktobrim\u00a0pils\u0113t\u0101, kur\u0101 M\u0101rti\u0146\u0161 Luters publiskoja 95 t\u0113zes, \u2013 Vitenberg\u0101 \u2013 norisin\u0101j\u0101s konference “Cenz\u016bra un pelni. Aizliegt\u0101s gr\u0101matas un Reform\u0101cija Livonij\u0101 1525. gad\u0101”. Konferenc\u0113 14 v\u0113sturnieki no Latvijas, Igaunijas, V\u0101cijas un D\u0101nijas da\u017e\u0101dos aspektos apl\u016bkoja laikmetu Livonij\u0101 un Eiropas zieme\u013cos pirms 500 gadiem.<\/p>\n

Konferenci apmekl\u0113ja ar\u012b kult\u016bras v\u0113stures p\u0113tnieks Gustavs Strenga un citi cilv\u0113ki, kas nodarbojas ar 16. gadsimta s\u0101kuma v\u0113stures p\u0113tniec\u012bbu ne tikai Livonijas, bet ar\u012b L\u012bbekas un Hanzas kontekst\u0101. “\u0160aj\u0101 konferenc\u0113 m\u0113s cent\u0101mies graut da\u017e\u0101dus ar \u0161o laiku saist\u012btus m\u012btus,” vi\u0146\u0161 st\u0101sta.<\/p>\n

Vai st\u0101sts par pirmo latvie\u0161u gr\u0101matu ir patiess?<\/p>\n

Viens no m\u012btiem, kas konferenc\u0113 tika apspriests, bija saist\u012bts ar pirmo latvie\u0161u gr\u0101matu, kurai \u0161ogad \u2013\u00a0p\u0113c v\u0113sturnieku apr\u0113\u0137iniem \u2013\u00a0aprit 500 gadu un kuras iespie\u0161anas fakts tiek atz\u012bm\u0113ts ar bag\u0101t\u012bgu pas\u0101kumu kl\u0101stu vis\u0101 Latvij\u0101. “Lai gan \u0161\u012b doma, ka latvie\u0161u, igau\u0146u un, iesp\u0113jams,\u00a0pat l\u012bbie\u0161u pirm\u0101 gr\u0101mata ir tikusi iespiesta 1525. gad\u0101, ir jauka,<\/p>\n

\n

tur ir diezgan daudz argumentu, kas liecina, k\u0101p\u0113c tas varb\u016bt tom\u0113r nemaz nav bijis iesp\u0113jams,” st\u0101sta Gustavs Strenga.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Pa\u0161laik vien\u012bgais skaidri zin\u0101mais fakts saist\u012bb\u0101 ar notikumiem pirms 500 gadiem ir rakstiskas liec\u012bbas no 1525. gada 8. novembra, kur\u0101s teikts, ka L\u012bbekas r\u0101te ir p\u0101rtv\u0113rusi mucu ar gr\u0101mat\u0101m. “K\u0101 raksta L\u012bbekas Doma dek\u0101ns Johans Brandess, t\u0101s bija livonie\u0161u vai l\u012bbie\u0161u, latvie\u0161u un igau\u0146u valod\u0101s. Vi\u0146\u0161 raksta, ka t\u0101s esot biju\u0161as luter\u0101\u0146u mises. \u0160\u012bs gr\u0101matas nav saglab\u0101ju\u0161\u0101s nevien\u0101 eksempl\u0101r\u0101,” skaidro p\u0113tnieks.<\/p>\n

L\u012bbekas r\u0101t\u0113 tolaik valdo\u0161\u0101 bija kato\u013cu tic\u012bba, t\u0101p\u0113c gr\u0101matas ar luter\u0101\u0146u mis\u0113m v\u0113l\u0113j\u0101s sadedzin\u0101t. Tom\u0113r, visticam\u0101k, tas netika izdar\u012bts, jo pils\u0113t\u0101 bija iepl\u016bdu\u0161i ar\u012b sp\u0113c\u012bgi luteriskie st\u0101vojumi. Gustavs Strenga pr\u0101to \u2013 kaut ar\u012b tolaik Hanz\u0101 un L\u012bbek\u0101 bez \u0161aub\u0101m atrad\u0101s cilv\u0113ki, kuriem bija zin\u0101\u0161anas latvie\u0161u vai igau\u0146u valod\u0101,<\/p>\n

\n

vai tie\u0161\u0101m zin\u0101\u0161anas b\u016btu biju\u0161as tik labas, ka vi\u0146iem b\u016btu skaidrs ar\u012b gr\u0101matu saturs?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Luter\u0101\u0146u dievkalpojumiem bija j\u0101notiek tautas valod\u0101<\/p>\n

Jaut\u0101jumus raisa ar\u012b tas, vai jau 1525. gad\u0101 k\u0101ds b\u016btu piemin\u0113jis v\u0101rdu “latvie\u0161u”, jo pie\u0146emts, ka \u0161\u0101ds apz\u012bm\u0113jums par\u0101d\u0101s tikai 17. gadsimt\u0101, t\u0101tad \u2013 veselu gadsimtu v\u0113l\u0101k. “Livonijas kontekst\u0101 l\u012bdz pat 17. gadsimtam faktiski neviens nelieto v\u0101rdu “latvie\u0161u”. Parasti t\u0101 viet\u0101 lieto \u2013 “nev\u0101cu” vai “aug\u0161v\u0101cu”. [\u0160is ir] \u013coti agrs v\u0101rda “latvie\u0161u” dat\u0113jums, un tas ir neparasti. Tas piev\u0113r\u0161 uzman\u012bbu,” nor\u0101da Gustavs Strenga.<\/p>\n

\"Gustavs<\/p>\n

Gustavs Strenga un Gustavs Terzens<\/p>\n

Foto: Reina Rasmane \/ Latvijas Radio<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Tom\u0113r tam var pretnostat\u012bt jaut\u0101jumu \u2013\u00a0k\u0101d\u0113\u013c gan k\u0101ds neb\u016btu izmantojis v\u0101rdu “latvie\u0161u”? Reform\u0101cijas kontekst\u0101\u00a0R\u012bga visai agri k\u013cuva par t\u0101s procesam noz\u012bm\u012bgu pils\u0113tu. Un viena no M\u0101rti\u0146a Lutera pamatdom\u0101m bija \u2013 spredi\u0137o\u0161anai un dievkalpojumam j\u0101notiek tautas, nevis lat\u012b\u0146u valod\u0101.<\/p>\n

\n

“Vienalga, vai t\u0101 ir viduslejasv\u0101cu valoda, kur\u0101 run\u0101 Hanzas tirgot\u0101ji, vai t\u0101 ir latvie\u0161u un igau\u0146u valoda,” ar t\u0101laika rosin\u0101jumu iepaz\u012bstina Strenga.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Atrast\u0101s gr\u0101matas saturs, iesp\u0113jams, bijis cit\u0101ds<\/p>\n

16. gadsimt\u0101 iespiestais saturs bija \u013coti daudzveid\u012bgs \u2013 no reli\u0123iska rakstura tekstiem l\u012bdz pat karikat\u016br\u0101m par laika aktualit\u0101t\u0113m. Tom\u0113r da\u013ca konferenc\u0113 san\u0101ku\u0161o p\u0113tnieku izc\u0113lu\u0161i, ka, vi\u0146upr\u0101t, luter\u0101\u0146u dievkalpojumu gr\u0101matu latvie\u0161u valod\u0101 1525. gad\u0101 neb\u016btu bijis iesp\u0113jams iespiest.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\n

Gr\u0101matu iespie\u0161anas process esot bijis \u013coti d\u0101rgs, turkl\u0101t neizdev\u012bgs, jo tolaik R\u012bg\u0101 las\u012bja vien 10\u201315 procenti iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

“Tiek pie\u0146emts, ka iespied\u0113js, visticam\u0101k, bija\u00a0Hanss Lufts Vitenberg\u0101 \u2013 \u013coti piepras\u012bts gr\u0101matu izdev\u0113js, kur\u0161 liel\u0101 daudzum\u0101 izdeva Lutera tekstus. Bet \u0161\u0101dam dievkalpojumu tekstam, par ko run\u0101jam pirm\u0101s latvie\u0161u gr\u0101matas kontekst\u0101, vajadz\u0113ja finans\u0113t\u0101ju, un m\u0113s nezin\u0101m, kas bija tie finans\u0113t\u0101ji,” st\u0101sta Gustavs Strenga.<\/p>\n

\"Gustavs<\/p>\n

Gustavs Strenga<\/p>\n

Foto: Reina Rasmane \/ Latvijas Radio<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

T\u0101p\u0113c konferences p\u0113tnieki esot spriedu\u0161i \u2013 ja 1525. gad\u0101 patie\u0161\u0101m tika atrasta gr\u0101mata latvie\u0161u valod\u0101, visdr\u012bz\u0101k tas bija\u00a0k\u0101ds visp\u0101r\u012bgs M\u0101rti\u0146a Lutera v\u0113st\u012bjums aug\u0161v\u0101cu valod\u0101. T\u0101di bija krietni popul\u0101r\u0101ki un t\u0101p\u0113c ar\u012b izdev\u012bg\u0101ki gr\u0101matu izdev\u0113jam. Turkl\u0101t\u00a0Gustavs Strenga uzskata:<\/p>\n

\n

16. gadsimt\u0101 latvie\u0161u\u00a0valoda\u00a0rakstiskaj\u0101 form\u0101 v\u0113l nebija tikt\u0101l att\u012bst\u012bjusies, lai taj\u0101\u00a0var\u0113tu rakst\u012bt un izdot veselas gr\u0101matas. L\u012bdz\u012bgi ar igau\u0146u valodu.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

“M\u0113s varam pie\u0146emt, ka ap to laiku cirkul\u0113 ar roku rakst\u012btas l\u016bg\u0161anas latvie\u0161u un igau\u0146u valod\u0101, un varb\u016bt ar\u012b l\u012bbie\u0161u valod\u0101. Dievkalpojumu teksts tika pausts mutisk\u0101 veid\u0101, l\u012bdz ar to ar\u012b da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s formulas var\u0113ja gan pierakst\u012bt, gan izdot. Piem\u0113ram, krist\u012bbu tekstus. Bet\u00a0tie\u00a0noteikti nav biju\u0161i pla\u0161\u0101ki teksti,” p\u0113tnieks apgalvo.<\/p>\n

Par tautas kult\u016bras ra\u0161anos faktiski zin\u0101m maz<\/p>\n

Konferences laik\u0101 p\u0113tnieki non\u0101ca pie atzi\u0146as \u2013 par 16. gadsimta Livoniju v\u0113l daudz kas ir neskaidrs. “K\u0101ds var teikt \u2013 ko tie p\u0113tnieki tur visp\u0101r dara? Tikai dz\u012bvo neskaidr\u012bb\u0101s un nodarbojas ar neskaidr\u0101m t\u0113m\u0101m. Bet tas ir m\u016bsu uzdevums \u2013 run\u0101t par sare\u017e\u0123\u012bto un ieraudz\u012bt to. Ar\u012b latvie\u0161u gr\u0101matas piecsimtgades kontekst\u0101 m\u0113s varam teikt, ka \u2013 patie\u0161\u0101m \u2013 pirm\u0101 gr\u0101mata ir iespiesta 1525. gad\u0101. Un tas ir labi, run\u0101jam par to.<\/p>\n

\n

Bet mans k\u0101 p\u0113tnieka uzdevums ir par\u0101d\u012bt ar\u012b laikmeta sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u012bbu. Latvie\u0161u iespiest\u0101s rakstu kult\u016bras ra\u0161anos k\u0101 br\u012bdi, kur\u0101 ir ne tikai labais un skaistais, bet ar\u012b vardarb\u012bba,<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

ja atceramies sv\u0113tbil\u017eu un citus grauti\u0146us. [Br\u012bdi],\u00a0kur\u0101 ir daudz neskaidr\u012bbu,” st\u0101sta Strenga.<\/p>\n

Tom\u0113r, vi\u0146apr\u0101t, liel\u0101s neskaidr\u012bbas nemaina faktu, ka pirmie iespiestie teksti latvie\u0161u valod\u0101 patie\u0161\u0101m radu\u0161ies 16. gadsimt\u0101, jo par to liecina ar\u012b Latvijas teritorij\u0101\u00a0tulkotie bazn\u012bcas dzied\u0101jumi un kop\u0113j\u0101 nepiecie\u0161am\u012bba p\u0113c teksta latvie\u0161u valod\u0101:\u00a0“Pirm\u0101 gr\u0101mata nav l\u012bdz m\u016bsdien\u0101m saglab\u0101jusies, bet m\u0113s varam turpin\u0101t mekl\u0113t.”<\/p>\n

\"Gustavs<\/p>\n

Gustavs Strenga un Gustavs Terzens<\/p>\n

Foto: Reina Rasmane \/ Latvijas Radio<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Lai turpin\u0101tu mekl\u0113t un p\u0113t\u012bt, ir nepiecie\u0161ami resursi. P\u0113tnieks ir p\u0101rliecin\u0101ts, ka mums ar savas v\u0113stures apzin\u0101\u0161anu veiktos lab\u0101k, ja humanit\u0101raj\u0101m zin\u0101tn\u0113m tiktu pie\u0161\u0137irts\u00a0finans\u0113jums pietiekam\u0101 apjom\u0101.\u00a0Tas nozares p\u0101rst\u0101vjiem \u013cautu pilnv\u0113rt\u012bgi str\u0101d\u0101t: “Par 16. gadsimtu un par Reform\u0101ciju p\u0113t\u012bjumu latvie\u0161u valod\u0101 faktiski nav. Ir public\u0113ti atsevi\u0161\u0137i raksti, bet mums paties\u012bb\u0101 vienk\u0101r\u0161i tr\u016bkst zin\u0101\u0161anu par 16. gadsimta notikumiem.<\/p>\n

\n

Bet tie\u0161i tas ir latvie\u0161u tautas kult\u016bras ra\u0161an\u0101s br\u012bdis. Es varu tikai vaic\u0101t, vai tie\u0161\u0101m m\u0113s esam mier\u0101 ar to, ka faktiski \u013coti maz zin\u0101m par to laiku?”<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Vi\u0146\u0161 uzskata \u2013 m\u016bsu pag\u0101tne un v\u0113sture sniedzas daudz t\u0101l\u0101k\u00a0par 19. gadsimtu, k\u0101 daudzk\u0101rt pie\u0146emts dom\u0101t. “Ja m\u0113s t\u0101 uzskat\u0101m, tikpat labi k\u0101ds var pateikt, ka esam Krievijas imp\u0113rijas produkts, bet m\u0113s neesam! Tie\u0161i Reform\u0101cija m\u016bs ar\u012b saista ar\u00a0Eiropas lielaj\u0101m gar\u012bgaj\u0101m v\u0113tr\u0101m, nojausm\u0101m un idej\u0101m. Tas ir laiks, kas zin\u0101m\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 m\u016bs padara par eiropie\u0161iem,” nor\u0101da p\u0113tnieks.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Oktobra vid\u016b V\u0101cij\u0101 norisin\u0101j\u0101s konference par gr\u0101mat\u0101m un Reform\u0101ciju Livonij\u0101 1525. gad\u0101 \u2013 tas ir laiks, kad \u0161\u0137ietami…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":34195,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[23,28,29,32,33,22,30,31,35,39,38,36,37,34,40,20,26,27,24,25,21],"class_list":{"0":"post-34194","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-latvija","8":"tag-aktualitates","9":"tag-breaking-news","10":"tag-breakingnews","11":"tag-featured-news","12":"tag-featurednews","13":"tag-headlines","14":"tag-latest-news","15":"tag-latestnews","16":"tag-latvia","17":"tag-latvian","18":"tag-latviesu","19":"tag-latviesu-valoda","20":"tag-latviesuvaloda","21":"tag-latvija","22":"tag-lv","23":"tag-news","24":"tag-popularakas-zinas","25":"tag-popularakaszinas","26":"tag-top-stories","27":"tag-topstories","28":"tag-zinas"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@lv\/115456951315205457","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34194","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34194"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34194\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34195"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34194"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34194"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34194"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}