IBM kvantu sasniegums: 120 kubiti un draudi kriptoval\u016bt\u0101m<\/p>\n
P\u0113d\u0113jais IBM kvantu skait\u013co\u0161anas sasniegums ir pav\u0113ris durvis uz kriptoval\u016btu \u013caun\u0101ko murgu \u2013 rad\u012bts kvantu dators, kas potenci\u0101li sp\u0113tu uzlauzt Bitcoin \u0161ifr\u0113\u0161anu. P\u0113tnieki ir veiksm\u012bgi sasniegu\u0161i jaunu rekordu, savienojot 120 kubitus vienlaic\u012bgi. \u0160is grandiozais sasniegums \u013cauj sagatavot st\u0101vokli, ko d\u0113v\u0113 par “kvantu ka\u0137i” (ang\u013cu: “quantum cat”), ar iev\u0113rojamu 0,56 precizit\u0101ti, kas apstiprina piln\u012bgu kubitu savienojumu jeb sap\u012b\u0161anos.<\/p>\n
Decembra s\u0101kum\u0101 IBM zin\u0101tnieki publiskoja zi\u0146ojumu, kur\u0101 dokument\u0113ts visnoz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101kais un stabil\u0101kais sap\u012btais kvantu st\u0101voklis l\u012bdz \u0161im. Publik\u0101cija ar nosaukumu “Lielie ka\u0137i: 120 kubitu un t\u0101l\u0101k” demonstr\u0113 patiesi daudzkubitu sap\u012b\u0161anos starp visiem iesaist\u012btajiem kubitiem. Tie\u0161i \u0161\u012b atkl\u0101juma p\u0101rbaude ir \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi sare\u017e\u0123\u012bta \u2013 visu 120 kubitu konfigur\u0101ciju izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101\u0161ana aiz\u0146emtu vair\u0101k laika nek\u0101 Visuma past\u0101v\u0113\u0161ana. K\u0101 skaidro IBM p\u0113tnieki, vi\u0146u m\u0113r\u0137is ir rad\u012bt lielus, troksni nom\u0101co\u0161us, sap\u012btu resursu kvantu dator\u0101, izmantojot metodes no grafu teorijas, stabilizatoru grupu un apr\u0113\u0137inu sh\u0113mu jom\u0101m.<\/p>\n
K\u0101p\u0113c tas ir drauds kriptoval\u016bt\u0101m un blok\u0137\u0113dei?<\/p>\n
Kvantu tehnolo\u0123ijas piedz\u012bvo nepieredz\u0113tu izr\u0101vienu, un \u0161ogad pat tika pie\u0161\u0137irta Nobela pr\u0113mija kvantu p\u0113t\u012bjumu autoram. Kriptoval\u016btu, piem\u0113ram, Bitcoin, dro\u0161\u012bba balst\u0101s uz eliptisko l\u012bk\u0146u kriptogr\u0101fiju (ECC), kas ir pamats gan ECDSA, gan \u0160norra parakstiem. Lai gan \u0161\u012bs metodes tiek uzskat\u012btas par dro\u0161\u0101m pret klasiskaj\u0101m apr\u0113\u0137inu uzbrukumiem, m\u016bsdienu kvantu datori, izmantojot \u0160ora algoritmu, sp\u0113j efekt\u012bvi atrisin\u0101t diskr\u0113t\u0101 logaritm\u0113\u0161anas uzdevumu, kas ir ECC pamat\u0101. Tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka uzbruc\u0113js var\u0113tu da\u017eu stundu vai dienu laik\u0101 ieg\u016bt priv\u0101to atsl\u0113gu no publisk\u0101s atsl\u0113gas, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di kompromit\u0113jot Bitcoin dar\u012bjumu dro\u0161\u012bbu.<\/p>\n
V\u0113l nopietn\u0101ka draudu aina ir strat\u0113\u0123ija “sav\u0101c tagad, uzlauz v\u0113l\u0101k”. Hakeri jau tagad var sav\u0101kt \u0161ifr\u0113tus Bitcoin dar\u012bjumus un glab\u0101t tos. Tikl\u012bdz par\u0101d\u012bsies pietiekami jaud\u012bgi kvantu datori, \u0161ie sav\u0101ktie dar\u012bjumi var\u0113tu tikt uzlauzti, \u013caujot neat\u013cauti piek\u013c\u016bt l\u012bdzek\u013ciem. Pa\u0161laik aptuveni 25% no visiem Bitcoin var\u0113tu b\u016bt neaizsarg\u0101ti pret \u0161\u0101diem kvantu uzbrukumiem, \u012bpa\u0161i ja tie glab\u0101jas adres\u0113s, kur publisk\u0101s atsl\u0113gas jau ir atkl\u0101tas.<\/p>\n
Ce\u013c\u0161 uz kvantu iztur\u012bbu<\/p>\n
Lai mazin\u0101tu \u0161os riskus, Bitcoin kopiena un citas blok\u0137\u0113\u017eu sist\u0113mas akt\u012bvi str\u0101d\u0101 pie postkvantu kriptogr\u0101fijas risin\u0101jumiem. Piem\u0113ram, projekts Quantum Resistant Ledger (QRL) izmanto papla\u0161in\u0101to Merkle Tree Signature Scheme (XMSS) \u2013 digit\u0101lo parakstu sh\u0113mu, ko Nacion\u0101lais standartu un tehnolo\u0123iju instit\u016bts (NIST) ir apstiprin\u0101jis postkvantu kriptogr\u0101fijai, lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu ilgtermi\u0146a aizsardz\u012bbu digit\u0101lajiem akt\u012bviem. \u0160ie centieni ir nepiecie\u0161ami, lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu kriptoval\u016btu un digit\u0101lo finan\u0161u n\u0101kotni.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"IBM kvantu sasniegums: 120 kubiti un draudi kriptoval\u016bt\u0101m P\u0113d\u0113jais IBM kvantu skait\u013co\u0161anas sasniegums ir pav\u0113ris durvis uz kriptoval\u016btu…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":36353,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[4234,77,76,10648,10649,10647,35,39,38,36,37,34,40,10650],"class_list":{"0":"post-36352","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-bizness","8":"tag-bitcoin","9":"tag-bizness","10":"tag-business","11":"tag-ibm","12":"tag-kriptovalutu-drosiba","13":"tag-kvantu-datori","14":"tag-latvia","15":"tag-latvian","16":"tag-latviesu","17":"tag-latviesu-valoda","18":"tag-latviesuvaloda","19":"tag-latvija","20":"tag-lv","21":"tag-postkvantu-kriptografija"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@lv\/115469758149465022","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36352","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36352"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36352\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36353"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36352"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36352"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36352"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}