Jau gadu tre\u0161\u0101s grupas publiski finans\u0113t\u0101s \u0113k\u0101s Latvij\u0101 oblig\u0101ti j\u0101izmanto b\u016bvniec\u012bbas inform\u0101cijas model\u0113\u0161ana (BIM). Tas ir b\u016btisks un ilgi gaid\u012bts solis nozares digitaliz\u0101cijas virzien\u0101, ta\u010du praks\u0113 joproj\u0101m past\u0101v b\u016btiska plaisa starp pras\u012bb\u0101m un to izpildi. BIM bie\u017ei tiek ieviests tikai form\u0101li \u2014 dokument\u0101cija joproj\u0101m top manu\u0101li, inform\u0101cija starp discipl\u012bn\u0101m nav savietota vienot\u0101 vid\u0113, projektu termi\u0146i kav\u0113jas, un da\u013cai nozares dal\u012bbnieku tr\u016bkst kompetences str\u0101d\u0101t BIM vid\u0113.<\/p>\n
To visvair\u0101k izj\u016bt ne tikai projekt\u0113t\u0101ji un b\u016bvnieki, bet ar\u012b gala lietot\u0101ji \u2014 pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ji, investori un n\u0101kamie \u0113kas ekspluat\u0113t\u0101ji, kuri saskaras ar nepiln\u012bgu dokument\u0101ciju, neskaidr\u0101m izmaks\u0101m un zem\u0101ku procesa caursp\u012bd\u012bbu. L\u012bdz ar to aktualiz\u0113jas jaut\u0101jums, k\u0101 l\u012bdz \u0161im veicies ar BIM ievie\u0161anu un k\u0101di so\u013ci nepiecie\u0161ami, lai tas k\u013c\u016btu par re\u0101lu nozares standartu ne tikai normat\u012bvos, bet ar\u012b praks\u0113?<\/p>\n
1. Tr\u016bkst zin\u0101\u0161anu un sist\u0113mas, kas str\u0101d\u0101 praks\u0113<\/p>\n
L\u012bdz \u0161im BIM pielieto\u0161ana Latvij\u0101 bija br\u012bvpr\u0101t\u012bga. Ekonomikas ministrijas izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101 BIM ievie\u0161anas \u201cCe\u013ca karte\u201d 2019. gad\u0101 paredz\u0113ja p\u0101reju uz oblig\u0101tu BIM izmanto\u0161anu publiskaj\u0101 sektor\u0101 no 2025. gada, un \u0161is m\u0113r\u0137is ir sasniegts. Ta\u010du praks\u0113 redzam, ka p\u0101reja uz jaunu darba metodi ir daudz izaicino\u0161\u0101ka nek\u0101 normat\u012bvo aktu ievie\u0161ana. B\u016bvniekiem joproj\u0101m bie\u017ei tr\u016bkst pieredzes darb\u0101 ar BIM, savuk\u0101rt discipl\u012bnas \u2014 arhitekt\u016bra, konstrukcijas, in\u017eenierkomunik\u0101cijas un interjers \u2014 str\u0101d\u0101 savrupi, nevis k\u0101 vienots process. Rezult\u0101t\u0101 BIM modelis tiek izmantots galvenok\u0101rt tehnisk\u0101m sadursmju p\u0101rbaud\u0113m, nevis k\u0101 koordin\u0101cijas un l\u0113mumu pie\u0146em\u0161anas instruments, k\u0101dam tas paties\u012bb\u0101 ir paredz\u0113ts.<\/p>\n
\u0160\u012bs nepiln\u012bbas praktiski noz\u012bm\u0113, ka ar\u012b dizaineriem nereti j\u0101str\u0101d\u0101 ar dokument\u0101ciju, kas nav savietota starp discipl\u012bn\u0101m. Inform\u0101cija bie\u017ei l\u012bdz mums non\u0101k 2D form\u0101t\u0101, vai 3D modelim pietr\u016bkst b\u016btisku datu, turkl\u0101t izmai\u0146u vad\u012bba notiek manu\u0101li, nevis centraliz\u0113ti BIM vid\u0113. Tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka mode\u013ci j\u0101atjauno vair\u0101k\u0101s platform\u0101s, dokument\u0101cija nav sinhroniz\u0113ta, un neatbilst\u012bbas tiek paman\u012btas nov\u0113loti \u2014 nereti jau b\u016bvdarbu laik\u0101, kad to nov\u0113r\u0161ana ir gan laikietilp\u012bga, gan d\u0101rga. M\u0113s k\u0101 dizaineri \u0161obr\u012bd esam tie, kuri kompens\u0113 sist\u0113mas v\u0101j\u0101s vietas, bie\u017ei str\u0101d\u0101jot ilg\u0101k nek\u0101 pl\u0101nots un risinot neatbilst\u012bbas, kas pret\u0113j\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 tiktu identific\u0113tas jau projekt\u0113\u0161anas s\u0101kumposm\u0101.<\/p>\n
Un tas nav p\u0101rmetums \u2014 tas ir piln\u012bgi dabisks att\u012bst\u012bbas process, kur\u0101 sist\u0113ma un nozare v\u0113l aug. Nozarei vienk\u0101r\u0161i nepiecie\u0161ama liel\u0101ka pieredze un praktiski piem\u0113ri. Tie\u0161i t\u0101p\u0113c b\u016btiska ir profesion\u0101\u013cu savstarp\u0113j\u0101 pieredzes apmai\u0146a un sadarb\u012bba ar uz\u0146\u0113mumiem, kuri BIM procesu p\u0101rvald\u012bb\u0101 ir t\u0101l\u0101k\u0101 att\u012bst\u012bbas posm\u0101. K\u0101 piem\u0113ru var min\u0113t ar\u012b m\u016bsu apvien\u012bbu br.ook BIM ar London\u0101 b\u0101z\u0113to airc.digital \u2014 pieredz\u0113ju\u0161iem BIM speci\u0101listiem un ievie\u0161anas ekspertiem. \u0160\u0101da sadarb\u012bba ir viens no risin\u0101jumiem, kas var pal\u012bdz\u0113t sist\u0113mai Latvij\u0101 att\u012bst\u012bties pareizaj\u0101 virzien\u0101.<\/p>\n
2. BIM maina sp\u0113les noteikumus \u2014 ar\u012b dizain\u0101<\/p>\n
BIM iesaist\u012bto procesu \u0137\u0113d\u0113 dizaineri bie\u017ei tiek uzl\u016bkoti k\u0101 p\u0113d\u0113jais posms. \u0160\u0101da lo\u0123ika ir saprotama tradicion\u0101laj\u0101 b\u016bvniec\u012bbas skat\u012bjum\u0101 \u2014 vispirms tiek izb\u016bv\u0113tas pamatkonstrukcijas, tad veikti iek\u0161darbi un tikai nosl\u0113gum\u0101 risin\u0101ts interjers. Ta\u010du m\u016bsdienu pieej\u0101 \u0161\u0101da sec\u012bba vairs nav efekt\u012bva. Pareiza prakse b\u016btu dizainerus iesaist\u012bt jau pl\u0101no\u0161anas un projekt\u0113\u0161anas f\u0101z\u0113, jo tie\u0161i \u0161aj\u0101 posm\u0101 tiek pie\u0146emti l\u0113mumi, kas v\u0113l\u0101k nosaka telpas funkcion\u0113\u0161anu, piel\u0101gojam\u012bbu un izmaksas. Darbs ar BIM \u013cauj prec\u012bzi model\u0113t, k\u0101 telpas darbosies re\u0101laj\u0101 vid\u0113, k\u0101 taj\u0101s notiks cilv\u0113ki kust\u012bba, k\u0101 tiks integr\u0113ti in\u017eeniert\u012bkli, vai telpas b\u016bs pietiekami elast\u012bgas da\u017e\u0101du nomnieku vai \u012bpa\u0161nieku vajadz\u012bb\u0101m. \u0160ie faktori tie\u0161\u0101 veid\u0101 ietekm\u0113 \u0113kas pievienoto v\u0113rt\u012bbu un investora ieguld\u012bjumu atdevi.<\/p>\n
T\u0101pat BIM nodro\u0161ina augst\u0101ku materi\u0101lu, apdares un apr\u012bkojuma specifik\u0101ciju precizit\u0101ti. Tas \u013cauj sagatavot ticam\u0101kas t\u0101mes un izvair\u012bties no bud\u017eeta sv\u0101rst\u012bb\u0101m b\u016bvniec\u012bbas gait\u0101. Ja interjera un apdares risin\u0101jumi tiek model\u0113ti BIM vid\u0113, b\u016bvnieks var sagatavot prec\u012bz\u0101ku izmaksu apr\u0113\u0137inu, pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js jau s\u0101kotn\u0113ji ieg\u016bst skaidru priek\u0161statu par re\u0101laj\u0101m izmaks\u0101m, un visa projekta komanda var efekt\u012bv\u0101k pl\u0101not b\u016bvniec\u012bbas grafiku.<\/p>\n
L\u012bdz ar to BIM dizain\u0101 nav tikai tehniska pras\u012bba, bet gan darba metodolo\u0123ija, kas paaugstina projektu kvalit\u0101ti, uzlabo l\u0113mumu pie\u0146em\u0161anu, samazina k\u013c\u016bdu risku un \u013cauj veidot funkcion\u0101las, piel\u0101gojamas un tirgus zi\u0146\u0101 konkur\u0113tsp\u0113j\u012bgas telpas. Tas ir b\u016btisks priek\u0161noteikums ar\u012b projekta ekonomiskajai pamatot\u012bbai.<\/p>\n
3. Ar br\u012bvpr\u0101t\u012bbas principu nepietiek \u2014 vajadz\u012bga visaptvero\u0161a pieeja<\/p>\n
Lai gan Latvij\u0101 ir p\u0101r\u0146emti starptautiskie BIM standarti, tostarp LVS EN ISO 19650 s\u0113rija un LVS 1052:2018, ar normat\u012bvajiem aktiem vien nepietiek. \u0100rpus publisk\u0101 sektora priv\u0101tais tirgus joproj\u0101m str\u0101d\u0101 p\u0113c \u013coti at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgas prakses. Da\u013ca b\u016bvnieku ir m\u0113r\u0137tiec\u012bgi ieguld\u012bju\u0161i kvalit\u0101tes vad\u012bbas sist\u0113m\u0101s un integr\u0113ju\u0161i BIM savos procesos, ta\u010du kop\u0113j\u0101 nozares kapacit\u0101te ir fragment\u0101ra. Lielajos projektos bie\u017ei tiek piesaist\u012bti vair\u0101ki apak\u0161uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113ji, kuru ikdienas darbs ar BIM nav ierasta prakse. Rezult\u0101t\u0101 form\u0101li BIM pras\u012bba tiek izpild\u012bta, ta\u010du faktiski liela da\u013ca procesa notiek \u0101rpus BIM, kas pilnv\u0113rt\u012bgu sadarb\u012bbu b\u016btiski ierobe\u017eo.<\/p>\n
L\u012bdz ar to nozare joproj\u0101m liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 pa\u013caujas uz pa\u0161regul\u0101ciju, un bez past\u0101v\u012bgas kvalit\u0101tes kontroles BIM netiek izmantots t\u0101 piln\u0101 potenci\u0101l\u0101. Darbs \u201cpa vecam\u201d pagarina projekt\u0113\u0161anas laiku, palielina k\u013c\u016bdu risku un ilgtermi\u0146\u0101 rada finansi\u0101lus zaud\u0113jumus visiem iesaist\u012btajiem. Tas ir ar\u012b viens no iemesliem, k\u0101p\u0113c liel\u0101kiem projektiem termi\u0146i tiek regul\u0101ri pagarin\u0101ti un izmaksas \u201cp\u0101rsteidzo\u0161i\u201d p\u0101rsniedz s\u0101kotn\u0113ji pl\u0101noto.<\/p>\n
Savuk\u0101rt valstis, kur BIM ir ieviests konsekventi un ar stingru uzraudz\u012bbu, demonstr\u0113 ar\u012b skaidrus ieguvumus. Piem\u0113ram, Lielbrit\u0101nij\u0101 publisko projektu izmaksas p\u0113c BIM ievie\u0161anas ir samazin\u0101ju\u0161\u0101s l\u012bdz 20 %, un projektu izpildes termi\u0146i ir k\u013cuvu\u0161i prognoz\u0113jam\u0101ki.<\/p>\n
Ja Latvija v\u0113las sasniegt l\u012bdz\u012bgu efektivit\u0101ti, \u012bpa\u0161i gaid\u0101majos Eiropas noz\u012bmes projektos BIM j\u0101uztver ne tikai k\u0101 form\u0101la pras\u012bba, bet k\u0101 nozares pamatprincips. Tas noz\u012bm\u0113 ne vien ieguld\u012bt profesion\u0101\u013cu apm\u0101c\u012bb\u0101s, standartiz\u0113t darba procesus un stiprin\u0101t kvalit\u0101tes kontroli, bet ar\u012b b\u016btiski uzlabot sadarb\u012bbu starp discipl\u012bn\u0101m. Jau projekt\u0113\u0161anas s\u0101kumposm\u0101 ir j\u0101nosaka skaidri BIM uzdevumi, datu pras\u012bbas un atbild\u012bbas, lai mode\u013ci b\u016btu izmantojami vis\u0101 projekta cikl\u0101 un BIM kalpotu k\u0101 praktisks un \u201cgudrs\u201d darba r\u012bks, nevis formalit\u0101te. Ar \u0101tr\u0101ku un konsekventu BIM ievie\u0161anu vis\u0101 b\u016bvniec\u012bbas vertik\u0101l\u0113 Latvijai ir potenci\u0101ls k\u013c\u016bt par v\u0113l vienu pozit\u012bvu piem\u0113ru Eiropas m\u0113rog\u0101.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Jau gadu tre\u0161\u0101s grupas publiski finans\u0113t\u0101s \u0113k\u0101s Latvij\u0101 oblig\u0101ti j\u0101izmanto b\u016bvniec\u012bbas inform\u0101cijas model\u0113\u0161ana (BIM). Tas ir b\u016btisks un…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":58130,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[869,77,870,76,867,35,39,38,36,37,34,871,868,40,21],"class_list":{"0":"post-58129","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-bizness","8":"tag-biznesa-zinas","9":"tag-bizness","10":"tag-bizness-latvija","11":"tag-business","12":"tag-dienas-zinas","13":"tag-latvia","14":"tag-latvian","15":"tag-latviesu","16":"tag-latviesu-valoda","17":"tag-latviesuvaloda","18":"tag-latvija","19":"tag-latvijas-biznesa-zinas","20":"tag-latvijas-zinas","21":"tag-lv","22":"tag-zinas"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@lv\/115609534637249403","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58129","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58129"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58129\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/58130"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58129"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58129"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58129"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}